Resilience through a multisystemic perspective: analyzing individual, family, and community systems

In this article, we approach resilience from a multisystemic point of view in which individual, family, and community characteristics play a part. The main goal of the study is to analyze how the different systems of resilience (individual, family, and community) work in times of uncertainty and great societal challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study uses a mixed methods approach with a sample of 1,436 Spaniards during the COVID-19 crisis. After grouping the descriptions of their living experiences into positive and negative, the study builds and operationalizes the different systems of resilience. Furthermore, the study uses structural equation modeling to analyze the role of each system on how individuals face the future in a situation of uncertainty. The study indicates that family resilience, followed by individual and community resilience, helps individuals to face the future with high optimism. In contrast, individual resilience helps to face the future with less pessimism. In addition, all systems of resilience—individual, family, and community—significantly impact an optimistic view of the future through the mediation of positivity. Our article contributes to the ongoing debates regarding the role of resilience in building a stronger society that is capable of facing challenges and recovering from adversity

Estudio crítico del pesimismo en la literatura de Cioran desde la mística del judaísmo

[spa] Esta investigación doctoral constituye un análisis profundo y minucioso del pensamiento de Emil Cioran desde la perspectiva de la mística judía, intentando refutar los postulados fundamentales de su ideario. He escogido tres obras de Cioran que, entiendo, han sido claves para comprender su pensamiento, con el objetivo de contrargumentar con las enseñanzas de la cábala hebrea los puntos fundamentales del nihilismo del autor. Al finalizar el análisis exhaustivo de estas tres obras, realizo un estudio crítico del pensamiento de Fernando Savater, quien fue uno de los defensores de Cioran en el ámbito español. A partir de este análisis se pueden claramente encontrar las aporías y contradicciones de su pensamiento y, partiendo del misticismo judío, elaborar una crítica al sinsentido existencial que el autor plantea en todas sus obras. Al absurdo de los argumentos de Cioran se le opone de modo eficaz el entusiasmo derivado del misticismo judío, que siempre ha construido un optimismo-realista. En la cosmovisión cabalística todo lo que existe dentro de nuestra realidad tiene un sentido y una función, mientras que para Cioran nada tiene sentido y nuestra vida es un sinsentido entre dos nadas. Las potentes argumentaciones de la mística judía, elaboradas durante más de veinte siglos, debilitan de tal modo al nihilismo de Cioran que con este trabajo podemos dar por finalizada una era histórica fundamentada en la percepción negativa del ser humano y su función en el universo.[cat] Aquesta investigació doctoral constitueix una anàlisi profunda i minuciosa del pensament d’Emil Cioran des de la perspectiva de la mística jueva, intentant refutar els postulats fonamentals del seu ideari. He escollit tres obres de Cioran, que entenc han estat claus per comprendre el seu pensament, amb l’objectiu de contrargumentar amb els ensenyaments de la càbala hebrea els punts fonamentals del nihilisme de l’autor. En finalitzar l’anàlisi exhaustiva d’aquestes tres obres, realitzo un estudi crític del pensament de Fernando Savater, qui va ser un dels defensors de Cioran en l’àmbit espanyol. A partir d’aquest anàlisi es poden clarament trobar les apories i contradiccions del seu pensament i, partint del misticisme jueu, elaborar una crítica al sense sentit existencial que l’autor planteja en totes les seves obres. A l’absurd dels arguments de Cioran se li oposa de manera eficaç l’entusiasme derivat del misticisme jueu, que sempre ha construït un optimisme-realista. A la cosmovisió cabalística tot el que existeix dins de la nostra realitat té un sentit i una funció, mentre que per a Cioran res no té sentit i la nostra vida és un sense sentit entre dos no res. Les potents argumentacions de la mística jueva, elaborades durant més de vint segles, debiliten de tal manera el nihilisme de Cioran que amb aquest treball podem donar per finalitzada una era històrica fonamentada en la percepció negativa de l’ésser humà i la seva funció en l’univers.[eng] This doctoral research constitutes an in-depth and meticulous analysis of Emil Cioran’s thought from the perspective of Jewish mysticism, attempting to refute the fundamental postulates of his ideology. I have chosen three works by Cioran that I understand have been key to comprehending his thought with the objective of counter-arguing the fundamental points of the author’s nihilism with the teachings of Hebrew Kabbalah. Upon concluding the exhaustive analysis of these three works, I conduct a critical study of Fernando Savater’s thought, who was one of Cioran’s defenders in the Spanish sphere. From this analysis, the aporias and contradictions of his thought can be clearly found, and from Jewish mysticism, a critique of the existential meaninglessness that the author poses in all his works is elaborated. The absurdity of Cioran’s arguments is effectively opposed by the enthusiasm derived from Jewish mysticism, which has always constructed a realistic-optimism. In the Kabbalistic worldview, everything that exists within our reality has a meaning and a function, while for Cioran nothing has meaning and our life is a meaninglessness between two nothingnesses. The powerful arguments of Jewish mysticism developed over more than twenty centuries weaken Cioran’s nihilism to such an extent that with this work we can conclude a historical era founded on the negative perception of the human being and his function in the universe

Caracterització i autenticació de carn mitjançant empremtes HPLC-UV i quimiometria

Treballs Finals de Grau de Química, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2025, Tutor: Oscar Núñez BurcioIn this work, a simple and cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) fingerprinting methodology was developed and applied after a water-based extraction procedure to obtain chemical descriptors for meat authentication through chemometrics. Meat samples from different species (lamb, beef, pork, rabbit, quail, chicken, turkey, and duck) as well as different non-genetic attributes (protected geographical indications, organic production, and Halal and Kosher meats) were analysed. The resulting HPLC-UV fingerprints (segment from minute 7 to 17) were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for classification and authentication purposes. The PLS-DA models demonstrated excellent classification performance, achieving sensitivity and specificity values higher than 100% and 99.3% for calibration and cross-validation, respectively, with classification errors below 0.4% when meat species were analysed. Furthermore, a hierarchical classification decision tree based on consecutive dual PLS-DA models achieved 100% accuracy in the prediction of 48 unknown meat samples. Multiclass PLS-DA models addressing geographical origin, organic production, and Halal and Kosher attributes also achieved satisfactory results, with sensitivity and specificity values exceeding 91.2% and classification errors below 6.9%. Additionally, fraudulent meat adulteration cases involving PGI, organic, and Halal or Kosher meats were evaluated using partial least squares (PLS) regression, allowing the detection and quantification of adulteration levels between 15% and 85%, with prediction errors below 6.6%. This study demonstrates the suitability of the proposed HPLC-UV fingerprinting methodology for addressing meat authenticity issues beyond the capabilities of genetic methods. It provides a reliable, sustainable, and accessible tool for improving food safety and transparency in the meat industr

Who Are the Active Investors? Evidence from Shareholder Activism and Business Angels

[eng] Research on shareholder activism has evolved substantially over the past four decades, but two key research gaps remain. First, prior literature reviews on shareholder activism have often faced challenges in managing the vast number of publications from a disciplinary-neutral perspective. Second, empirical studies have mainly focused on activism in large public corporations, leaving research on shareholder activism in privately held firms underexplored. This thesis addresses these gaps by employing bibliometric methods to systematically review the literature of shareholder activism and by empirically investigating the determinants and outcomes of business angels' active involvement in privately held entrepreneurial firms. This thesis is structured into three main chapters. Chapter 2 provides a literature review on shareholder activism through a bibliometric analysis. Chapter 3 empirically explores the determinants of business angel activism from a proximity perspective. Chapter 4 empirically examines the impact of business angel activism on venture performance and investment returns. Additionally, an appendix is included, offering a comprehensive literature review of the broader field of corporate governance. The results show that shareholder activism is undergoing significant growth, with an increasing trend toward interdisciplinarity. However, intradisciplinary citation patterns and fragmented disciplinary approaches remain evident. Using data collected through an online survey targeted ay Spanish business angels, the two empirical studies highlight the role of cognitive, social, and organizational proximity in shaping the likelihood of business angel activism, as well as the subsequent impact of this activism on performance outcomes. Specifically, cognitive proximity between angel investors and entrepreneurs increases the likelihood of business angel activism, while social proximity between angel investors and entrepreneurs decreases the probability of business angel activism. Furthermore, organizational proximity among angel investors within syndicates negatively affects their level of activism. Ultimately, the active involvement of business angels leads to improved venture performance and higher investment returns, reinforcing the idea that business angels are value-adding investors. This thesis offers several academic and practical contributions. Academically, it provides the first bibliometric review of shareholder activism to analyze interdisciplinary collaboration and identify the foundational themes, key topics and emerging trends in the field. Second, it empirically investigates the underexplored phenomenon of business angel activism in privately held firms, proposing a theoretical framework that emphasizes the collaborative relationship between angel investors and entrepreneurs. By integrating business angel investing with proximity concepts, this thesis contributes to both the entrepreneurship and economic geography literature, offering a more nuanced understanding of the factors influencing investor behavior. Furthermore, it adds insight to the emerging literature on collective action in business angel groups, suggesting that individual angel investors may no longer need to be heavily involved in post-investment activities when their affiliated networks and syndicates can take on this role with enhanced collective capabilities. For practitioners and policymakers, this thesis highlights three key implications. First, policymakers should adopt a holistic approach to shareholder activism, considering both financial and non-financial impacts at various levels. Second, entrepreneurs should recognize the critical role of angel investors’ industry experience and social ties in shaping hands-on involvement, which is crucial for early-stage ventures. Third, angel investors are encouraged to maintain close relationships with entrepreneurs and actively engage in post-investment activities—such as monitoring, advising, and leveraging networks—to enhance both venture performance and investment returns

Literatura de crímenes escrita por mujeres en Colombia: novela del Segundo Estado

[spa] La ficción criminal en Colombia que surgió a mediados del siglo XX se convirtió en un medio de crítica social, al representar la realidad violenta y desgarradora del país de manera precisa y casi documental. Esta tesis doctoral, titulada Literatura Criminal Escrita por Mujeres en Colombia: Novelas del Segundo Estado, examina desde una perspectiva feminista ocho novelas contemporáneas del género criminal escritas por autores colombianas, publicadas entre 2006 y 2021. El análisis se centra en cómo estas escritoras representan la violencia sistémica contra mujeres y niñas, que se convierte en engranaje para la perpetuación del poder patriarcal dominante en Colombia. Esta violencia está estrechamente conectada, tanto a la ilegalidad como a las instituciones gubernamentales que aparentan ser moral y políticamente legítimas, generando así lo que Segato (2016) denomina el “Segundo Estado”, cuyo sistema económico es el “capitalismo gore” (Valencia, 2010). La hipótesis principal sostiene que las novelas criminales escritas por mujeres en Colombia ofrecen una representación más precisa de la sociedad, la violencia masculina y la opresión sistemática, en la que la destrucción del cuerpo de las mujeres es plataforma para el sostenimiento de la estructura de poder colombiana. En consecuencia, este anàlisis permite argumentar la propuesta de nombrar el género criminal colombiano, a partir de estas obras, como Novelas del Segundo Estado, dado que evidencian la interrelación entre la violencia contra las mujeres y las niñas y las estructuras patriarcales en Colombia. La tesis subraya la importancia de un compromiso continuo tanto de la sociedad como del canon literario con la obra de mujeres escritoras en el género criminal, visibilizando a las principales víctimas de la violencia en el país: mujeres y niñas. Este compromiso es clave para promover un cambio significativo, tanto en la ficción como en la vida real.[eng] Crime fiction in Colombia, which emerged in the mid-20th century, became a medium for social criticism, offering a precise and almost documentary representation of the country’s violent and harrowing reality. This doctoral thesis, entitled Crime Literature Written by Women in Colombia: Novels of the Second State, examines, from a feminist perspective, eight contemporary crime novels written by Colombian women, published between 2006 and 2021. The analysis focuses on how these authors depict systemic violence against women and girls, which serves as a mechanism for the perpetuation of dominant patriarchal power in Colombia. This violence is closely linked to both illegality and governmental institutions that appear to be morally and politically legitimate, thus creating what Segato (2016) refers to as the “Second State”, whose economic system is “gore capitalism” (Valencia, 2010). The central hypothesis suggests that crime novels written by women in Colombia offer a more accurate representation of society, male violence, and systemic oppression, in which the destruction of women’s bodies is a foundation for sustaining Colombia’s power structure. Consequently, this analysis supports the proposal to classify Colombian crime fiction, based on these works, as Novels of the Second State, as they reveal the interconnection between violence against women and girls and the patriarchal structures in Colombia. The thesis emphasises the importance of a continued commitment from both society and the literary canon to women’s crime writing, highlighting the main victims of violence in the country: women and girls. This commitment is essential to promote meaningful change, both in fiction and real life

D816V KIT mutation induces mitochondrial morphologic and functional changes through BNIP3 downregulation in human myeloid cell lines ROSA and TF-1

The KIT receptor is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of many different cell types. Mutant forms of KIT are drivers of myeloid neoplasms, including systemic mastocytosis. The KIT D816V mutation is the most common, leading to constitutive activation of the receptor and its downstream targets, and it is highly resistant to cKIT inhibitors. Metabolic rewiring is a common trait in cancer. We analyzed the metabolic profile induced by the KIT D816 mutation, measuring mitochondrial parameters in two myeloid cell lines. We found that the KIT D816V mutation causes 3 a significant increase in mitochondrial abundance and activity associated with superoxide production, which could promote DNA instability. Functional and morphological changes in mitochondria were associated with reduced levels of BNIP3 protein expression. We also detected low BNIP3 levels in clinical acute myeloid leukemia samples harboring D816V mutations. In addition, we have found a constitutive mTOR activation in mutated cells, a pathway that has been shown to regulate autophagy. Our data suggest that KIT D816V increases mitochondrial activity through BNIP3 down expression, which increases mitochondrial number through the autophagy pathway. Alterations in the cellular metabolism induced by the KIT D816V mutation could be therapeutically exploited.

Characterization of highly focused vector fields using phase retrieval: a practical guide

Experimentally measuring the longitudinal component of a highly focused electromagnetic field is challenging, especially when using near-field technology methods. We recently demonstrated that this component can be estimated by combining optical and numerical techniques. This method involves determining the complex amplitude of the transverse field in the focal region using phase retrieval techniques. Subsequently, the field is numerically propagated, and the longitudinal component is estimated using Gauss’s theorem. This Application Note discusses the experimental details and potential sources of error that could affect the results. Additionally, we introduce a graphical application that streamlines the process and helps in selecting appropriate parameters to achieve satisfactory outcomes

Anàlisi “òmica” integrada de l’enteritis limfocítica secundària a enteropatia sensible al gluten. Descobriment de biomarcadors. Interès fisiopatològic i diagnòstic

[cat] La celiaquia es considera una malaltia d’elevada prevalença i la ingestió de gluten en pacients celiacs pot induir una gran varietat de simptomes incloent simptomatologia extraintestinal. Entre les estratègies de cribatge per grups de risc s’han utilitzat marcadors serològics (anticossos antiendomissi i anti transglutaminassa tissular) que han permès diagnosticar casos poc simptomàtics, fins i tot assimptomàtics, però presenten limitacions per detectar pacients amb celiaquia lleu. La sensibilitat de la serología depèn de la gravetat de la lesió histològica (enteritis linfocítica amb o sense hiperplàssia de criptes i els diferents graus d’atròfia vellositària). L’atròfia de vellositats i sobretot les lesions Marsh I amb serología celiaca negativa representen un repte diagnòstic ja que poden estar causades per múltiples etiologies i es considera que només un 5-15% de les lesions de tipus enteritis linfocítica són de causa celíaca. S’ha demostrat que la quantificació de limfòcits T intraepitelials que expresen TCR γδ per citometria de fluxe i la presència de dipòsits subepitelials de transglutaminassa (tTG2) poden representar bons biomarcadors de les enteropaties i atròfies secundàries a celiaquía però és necessari obtenir biòpsies intestinals i no sempre els resultats són concluents. Tot i que per citometria de fluxe s’ha definit un patró típic de celiaquia analitzant les cèl·lules inmunitaries del budell prim (limfograma celíac) s’han d’analitzar biòpsies que no deixa de ser una tècnica invasiva que ocasiona un risc pel pacient. Per tant, esdevé necessari disposar de biomarcadors que permetin realitzar el diagnòstic, sobretot en els pacients seronegatius que conformen un grup de pacients de difícil diagnòstic però també que permetin valorar la presència i el grau d’atròfia vellositària evitant la necessitat de fer biòpsies duodenals de seguiment. En aquest sentit vam dissenyar un estudi mitjançant aproximacions òmiques analitzant mostres de plasma i orina (metabolòmica) i mostres de secretoma de teixit i biòpsies tissulars amb tècniques proteòmiques, en individus estratificats en 5 grups diferents: Marsh 3 celíacs; Marsh 1 celíacs seronegatius; Marsh 1 celíacs seropositius; Marsh 1 no celíacs; Controls no celíacs. Els resultats obtinguts han mostrat diferents mol.lècules amb capacitat com a potencials biomarcadors sempre i quan es sotmetin a un procés de validació en una nova cohort de pacients.[eng] This study is aimed to discover new biomarkers which allow to perform the diagnosis of seronegative mild Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy (GSE) using metabolomics and proteomics approaches. We have been working with five groups of subjects: -Coeliac Marsh 3 -Marsh 1 coeliac sero positive -Marsh 1 coeliac sero negative -Marsh 1 non-coeliac -Healthy controls Tissue, secretome (obtained by biopsy culture) have been analyzed to obtain the profile of protein/peptides expressed. We used plasma and urine samples for the metabolomic profile. We will submit tissue samples to extraction, fractionation and analysis by nanoLC/MS/MS and the same treatment for secretome. The components will be subjected to different chemometric analysis. In metabolomic analysis we have performed liquid-liquid extraction, derivatization, GC/MS and LC/MS/MS, statistical discriminant analyses to quantify the targeted metabolites The results showed us a molecular profile with potential use to validate as bioamarkers in a new cohort of pacients to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the protein profile in the diagnosis of coeliac disease and to assess the possibility of performing the diagnosis of coeliac disease without biopsy in adult celiac patients

Memoria y derechos humanos. Rol del Poder Judicial en la dictadura y democracia chilena

[spa] Esta investigación doctoral se ha propuesto comprender el rol del Poder Judicial chileno en la configuración de las memorias en dictadura y democracia. En primer lugar, examina la actuación de la Judicatura durante la dictadura militar (1973- 1990), centrando el análisis en cómo este poder del Estado contribuyó a la legitimación de una memoria oficial que sostenía y justificaba el régimen autoritario. Además, en la investigación se analiza el rol del derecho como una herramienta para estructurar la memoria dictatorial, al mismo tiempo que se investiga la invisibilización de las memorias de las víctimas y su exclusión del espacio público. En segundo lugar, la investigación aborda el periodo post dictatorial a partir de 1990, indagando en la interacción entre el Poder Judicial y la memoria oficializada en materia de Derechos Humanos por los gobiernos democráticos –a través de las Comisiones post dictatoriales–, sus limitaciones y silencios. El trabajo revisa la jurisprudencia generada tras el retorno de la democracia en Chile en torno a los Derechos Humanos, explorando la contribución de la verdad judicial más allá del establecimiento de responsabilidades penales, en relación con la verdad, la reparación simbólica de las víctimas y en la construcción de un necesario núcleo ético de la memoria colectiva como país.[cat] Aquesta investigació doctoral proposa comprendre el rol del Poder Judicial xilè a la configuració de les memòries en dictadura i democràcia. En primer lloc, examina la actuació de la Judicatura durant la dictadura militar (1973-1990), centrant l'anàlisi en com aquest poder de l'Estat va contribuir a la legitimació d'una memòria oficial que sostenia i justificava el règim autoritari. A més, a la investigació s'analitza el rol del dret com una eina per estructurar la memòria dictatorial, alhora que s'investiga la invisibilització de les memòries de les víctimes i la seva exclusió del espai públic. En segon lloc, la investigació aborda el període post dictatorial a partir del 1990, indagant en la interacció entre el Poder Judicial i la memòria oficialitzada en matèria de Drets Humans pels governs democràtics –a través de les comissions post dictatorials–, les seves limitacions i silencis. També la recerca revisa la jurisprudència generada després del retorn de la democràcia a Xile al voltant dels Drets Humans, explorant la contribució de la veritat judicial més enllà de l'establiment de responsabilitats penals, en relació amb la veritat, la reparació simbòlica de les víctimes i en la construcció d'un necessari nucli ètic de la memòria col·lectiva com a país.[eng] This doctoral research aims to understand the role of the Chilean judiciary in shaping memories of dictatorship and democracy. First examines the performance of the judiciary during the military dictatorship (1973-1990), focusing on how the judiciary contributed to legitimising an official memory that sustained and justified the authoritarian regime. Furthermore, analyses the role of law as a tool for structuring dictatorial memory, while investigating the invisibilisation of the victims' memories and their exclusion from the public space. Secondly, the present research addresses the post-dictatorial period from 1990 onwards, investigating the interaction between the judiciary and the officialised memory of human rights by the democratic governments -through the Post-dictatorial Commissions- and its limitations and silences. As such, it reviews the jurisprudence developed after the return of democracy in Chile in relation to human rights, exploring the contribution of judicial truth beyond the establishment of criminal responsibilities, in relation to the truth, the symbolic reparation of victims and the construction of a necessary ethical core of the country's collective memory

Phase Separation of the Intrinsically Disordered Activation Domain of the Androgen Receptor and Therapeutic Approaches

[eng] Transcription factors represent highly attractive therapeutic targets, yet they are among the most challenging due to the intrinsically disordered nature of their activation domains (ADs). In this study, we focus on the intrinsically disordered AD of the androgen receptor (AR), a key therapeutic target in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), an aggressive form of prostate cancer (PC) with a poor prognosis. EPI-001, a small molecule discovered through phenotypic screening, was the first drug targeting an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) to enter clinical trials. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its interaction with the AR AD remain unclear, hindering progress in rational drug design for CRPC. Using various biophysical techniques, we demonstrate that the aromatic nature of the AR AD is critical for both its ability to form biomolecular condensates via liquid- liquid phase separation and its transcriptional activity. This aromatic character also facilitates the translocation of the AR AD to the nucleus and enables its partitioning into transcriptional condensates. Additionally, our study of EPI-001 binding to the AR AD reveals that the aromatic residues and helical propensity of the AR AD are pivotal for its selective interaction with the drug. We found that EPI-001 binding alters the network of contacts within the AR AD, enhancing its oligomerization and increasing the rigidity of the condensates. Also, our findings provide a deeper understanding of the interactions that stabilize AR AD condensates, allowing for the structural optimization of small molecules, leading to greater efficacy compared to EPI-001. Finally, we demonstrate that the AR AD adopts a more ordered secondary structure within the condensates, which might increase the stability of drug-binding sites. Collectively, these insights could not only help to rationalize drug discovery for CRPC but also extend to other diseases where IDPs play a central role.[cat] Els factors de transcripció representen objectius terapèutics altament atractius, però són dels més desafiants degut a la naturalesa intrínsecament desordenada dels seus dominis d'activació (ADs). En aquest estudi, ens centrem en el AD intrínsecament desordenat del receptor d'andrògens (AR), un objectiu terapèutic clau en el càncer de pròstata resistent a la castració (CRPC), una forma agressiva de càncer de pròstata (PC) amb un mal pronòstic. L’EPI-001, una petita molècula descoberta a través d’un cribratge fenotípic, va ser el primer fàrmac que apuntava a una proteïna intrínsecament desordenada (IDP) en entrar en assaigs clínics. No obstant això, els mecanismes moleculars subjacents a la seva interacció amb l’AD de l’AR segueixen sent poc clars, fet que dificulta el progrés en el disseny racional de fàrmacs per al CRPC. Mitjançant diverses tècniques biofísiques, demostrem que la naturalesa aromàtica de l’AD de l’AR és crítica tant per a la seva capacitat de formar condensats biomoleculars a través de la separació de fases líquid-líquid com per a la seva activitat transcripcional. Aquest caràcter aromàtic també facilita la translocació de l'AD de l'AR al nucli i permet la seva partició en condensats transcripcionals. A més, el nostre estudi sobre la unió de l’EPI-001 a l’AD de l’AR revela que els residus aromàtics i la propensió helicoïdal de l’AD de l’AR són fonamentals per a la seva interacció selectiva amb el fàrmac. Hem trobat que la unió d'EPI-001 altera la xarxa de contactes dins de l'AR AD, millorant la seva oligomerització i augmentant la rigidesa dels condensats. A més, els nostres resultats proporcionen una comprensió més profunda de les interaccions que estabilitzen els condensats de l’AD de l’AR, cosa que permet l’optimització estructural de petites molècules, donant lloc a una major eficàcia en comparació amb l’EPI-001. Finalment, demostrem que l’AD de l’AR adopta una estructura secundària més ordenada dins dels condensats, fet que podria augmentar l'estabilitat dels llocs de fixació del fàrmac. Col·lectivament, aquestes troballes podrien no només ajudar a racionalitzar el descobriment de fàrmacs per al CRPC, sinó també estendre's a altres malalties on les IDPs protagonitzen un paper fonamental