Digital gestufte Lernhilfen zur Binnendifferenzierung im Biologieunterricht Konzeption & Evaluation einer Online-Selbstlernfortbildung.

Offermann M, Großmann N, Großschedl J, et al. Digital gestufte Lernhilfen zur Binnendifferenzierung im Biologieunterricht Konzeption & Evaluation einer Online-Selbstlernfortbildung. . Presented at the 26. Internationale Frühjahrsschule der Fachsektion Didaktik der Biologie im VBIO, Berlin

Coarse Correlated Equilibria in Linear Quadratic Mean Field Games and Application to an Emission Abatement Game

Campi L, Cannerozzi F, Cartellier F. Coarse Correlated Equilibria in Linear Quadratic Mean Field Games and Application to an Emission Abatement Game. Applied Mathematics and Optimization . 2025;91(1): 8.Coarse correlated equilibria (CCE) are a good alternative to Nash equilibria (NE), as they arise more naturally as outcomes of learning algorithms and as they may exhibit higher payoffs than NE. CCEs include a device which allows players' strategies to be correlated without any cooperation, only through information sent by a mediator. We develop a methodology to concretely compute mean field CCEs in a linear-quadratic mean field game (MFG) framework. We compare their performance to mean field control solutions and mean field NE (usually named MFG solutions). Our approach is implemented in the mean field version of an emission abatement game between greenhouse gas emitters. In particular, we exhibit a simple and tractable class of mean field CCEs which allows to outperform very significantly the mean field NE payoff and abatement levels, bridging the gap between the mean field NE and the social optimum obtained by mean field control

In und nach der „goldenen Ära“. Die zweite Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts.

Toro D. In und nach der „goldenen Ära“. Die zweite Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. In: Kümper H, Kümper H, eds. Letmathe. Land, Stadt, Menschen durch die Jahrhunderte. Vol Bd. 2. Oppenheim: Nünnerich-Asmus; In Press: 177–215

Activated alphabeta T- and reduced mucosa-associated invariant T cells in LGI1- and CASPR2-encephalitis

Esser D, Müller-Miny L, Heming M, et al. Activated alphabeta T- and reduced mucosa-associated invariant T cells in LGI1- and CASPR2-encephalitis. Brain: A Journal of Neurology . 2025: awaf096.Anti-Leucine-rich glioma inactivated-1 (LGI1) and anti-contactin-associated-protein-2 (CASPR2) autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) are common and characterized by pathogenic antibodies targeting neuronal autoantigens. However, the drivers of the antibody-secreting cells (ASC) and involvement of T cells remain unresolved. We performed single cell RNA-sequencing of fresh cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and parallel blood samples of 15 patients with LGI1- (n=9) and CASPR2-AIE (n=6) compared to control patients (multiple sclerosis (MS) n=15, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) n=18). We validated our observations in independent cohorts using flow cytometry of CSF and blood. We confirmed autoantibody specificity using recombinant human monoclonal antibodies. Compared to IIH and MS controls, we observed clonal CSF-specific ASC expansion in LGI1/CASPR2-AIE despite mostly normal CSF findings. ASCs were dominantly plasmablasts and transcribed IgG4 and IgG1/2 heavy chains. Expanded clones showed signs of affinity maturation and bound the respective neuronal autoantigen. Within CD4 and CD8 T cell clusters, CD4 and CD8 central memory T cells were activated, clonally restricted and expanded. T cell clones were often shared between CSF and blood. We also observed a shift of NK cells and loss of mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the CSF of LGI1- and blood of LGI1- and CASPR2-AIE compared to IIH and MS controls. Indeed, MAIT-like T cells were detected in autopsy brains of LGI1 and CASPR2-AIE patients and mice lacking MAIT cells displayed an increased antibody seroconversion and higher titers following active LGI1-/CASPR2 immunization. Our data (1) confirms the intrathecal antigen-specific plasma cell expansion in LGI1- and CASPR2-AIE in a large cohort of untreated AIE patients, (2) suggests that activated and expanded central memory CD4 and CD8 T cells in the CSF participate in disease pathogenesis and (3) for the first time implicates invariant T cell receptor expressing lymphocytes in the brain, CSF and blood in disease pathogenesis. © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain

Leveraging Cognitive States for Adaptive Scaffolding of Understanding in Explanatory Tasks in HRI

Groß A, Richter B, Thomzik B, Wrede B. Leveraging Cognitive States for Adaptive Scaffolding of Understanding in Explanatory Tasks in HRI. arXiv:2503.19692. 2025.Understanding how scaffolding strategies influence human understanding in human-robot interaction is important for developing effective assistive systems. This empirical study investigates linguistic scaffolding strategies based on negation as an important means that de-biases the user from potential errors but increases processing costs and hesitations as a means to ameliorate processing costs. In an adaptive strategy, the user state with respect to the current state of understanding and processing capacity was estimated via a scoring scheme based on task performance, prior scaffolding strategy, and current eye gaze behavior. In the study, the adaptive strategy of providing negations and hesitations was compared with a non-adaptive strategy of providing only affirmations. The adaptive scaffolding strategy was generated using the computational model SHIFT. Our findings indicate that using adaptive scaffolding strategies with SHIFT tends to (1) increased processing costs, as reflected in longer reaction times, but (2) improved task understanding, evidenced by a lower error rate of almost 23%. We assessed the efficiency of SHIFT's selected scaffolding strategies across different cognitive states, finding that in three out of five states, the error rate was lower compared to the baseline condition. We discuss how these results align with the assumptions of the SHIFT model and highlight areas for refinement. Moreover, we demonstrate how scaffolding strategies, such as negation and hesitation, contribute to more effective human-robot explanatory dialogues

Boosting Students' Academic Self-Concepts: A Self-Concept Intervention About Comparison Processes

Hörsch H, Schumacher J, Möller J, Wolff F. Boosting Students' Academic Self-Concepts: A Self-Concept Intervention About Comparison Processes. Journal of Educational Psychology . 2025.Although many studies have shown the impact of comparisons on academic self-concepts, no interventions have specifically targeted comparison processes to enhance students' self-concepts. To address this gap, we developed three intervention modules aiming at increasing students' math or German self-concepts through social, dimensional, or temporal comparisons, along with beliefs related to these comparisons. The comparison-related beliefs were students' belief that classroom comparisons lead to a nonrealistic self-concept (social comparison-related belief), their belief in the interdependence of math and verbal abilities (dimensional comparison-related belief), and their belief in the changeability of abilities (temporal comparison-related belief). Each module focused on one type of comparison and a related belief. We conducted an evaluation study with N = 857 students from Grades 9 and 10, randomly assigned to either a comparison module (math or German) or a mindfulness control group. Latent change score models showed that students in the social, dimensional, and temporal comparison modules in math experienced a greater increase in math self-concept and in comparison-related beliefs than those in the control group, while no significant changes were observed for German self-concepts and only a few significant effects for the comparison-related beliefs in German by students in the comparison modules in German. Furthermore, changes in dimensional and temporal comparison-related beliefs correlated positively with changes in self-concepts, while changes in the social comparison-related beliefs did not correlate with self-concept changes. These findings provide valuable insights into the psychological mechanisms of comparison processes and suggest a novel approach to enhancing students' math self-concept

Stochastic partial differential equations arising in self-organized criticality

Banas L, Gess B, Neuss M. Stochastic partial differential equations arising in self-organized criticality. Annals of Applied Probability. 2025;35(1):481-522.We study scaling limits of the weakly driven Zhang and the Bak- Tang-Wiesenfeld (BTW) model for self-organized criticality. We show that the weakly driven Zhang model converges to a stochastic partial differential equation (PDE) with singular-degenerate diffusion. In addition, the deterministic BTW model is shown to converge to a singular-degenerate PDE. Alternatively, the proof of the scaling limit can be understood as a convergence proof of a finite-difference discretization for singular-degenerate stochastic PDEs. This extends recent work on finite difference approximation of (deterministic) quasilinear diffusion equations to discontinuous diffusion coefficients and stochastic PDEs. In addition, we perform numerical simulations illustrating key features of the considered models and the convergence to stochastic PDEs in spatial dimension d = 1, 2

Freestanding Flexible Carbon Nanofiber Mats for Energy Storage Applications

Brockhagen B, Hellert C, Grothe T, et al. Freestanding Flexible Carbon Nanofiber Mats for Energy Storage Applications. In: Proceedings of The International Conference on Advanced Nano Materials 2024. Vol 21. 2025.Carbon nanofiber mats can be applied for diverse energy applications. Usually, they should be freestanding and show sufficient structural stability. Poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) is often used as the base material for electrospinning due to its high carbon yield during carbonization. Carbonized PAN nanofiber mats, however, may be brittle and break under mechanical load. Here, we report a study of the impact of ZnO and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as nanoparticle additives on the stabilization, carbonization and resulting morphology of the respective nanofiber mats. By comparing morphological, mechanical, and chemical properties of these mats, it is shown that carefully tailoring nanoparticular additives and spinning parameters enables the production of flexible freestanding carbon nanofiber mats for possible applications as electrodes in energy storage devices

Opportunities and pitfalls of refugee involvement in digital work in Indonesia

Prabaningtyas RARF, Pudjiastuti TN, Missbach A, Farhana F, Alami AN. Opportunities and pitfalls of refugee involvement in digital work in Indonesia. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2025:1-20

From translocalization to commuterization: Chinese migrant factory workers' changing arrangements of welfare and care

Tian Y. From translocalization to commuterization: Chinese migrant factory workers' changing arrangements of welfare and care. Dialectical Anthropology . 2025.Based on a 10-month fieldwork in central China and 60 in-depth interviews, I explore in this paper a paradoxical phenomenon where the expansion of institutional provision of welfare fails to reach its goal of safeguarding people's well-being but intensifies the condition of insecurity experienced by migrant factory workers and their families. Recent developments in metropolitanizing spaces through land-for-welfare policies, in-migration of capital, and industrial rezoning have incorporated those at the urban fringes into the Chinese state's regional development plan. Due to land expropriation, villagers living at the urban edges are gradually replacing the rural land with cash compensation, resettlement housing, residence-based social insurances, and factory employment to secure their livelihoods and maintain social relations. As the factory is located in the neighborhood, former peasants' trajectories of travel oscillate more frequently between work and home. This creates a new mix of care wherein thin social protection provided by the state allows deeper penetration of market actors. In response to the changing welfare landscape, peasants-turned-urbanites constantly have to make trade-offs between hypermobility and stability: they follow the seasonal hiring rhythm of the factory that provides flexible wages and discourages welfare participation; or they adhere to the rules of the welfare system which requires long-term stay in the factory with low pay. As a result, workers and their families either rely on unstable income to secure their future or participate in social protection schemes in combination with speculative financial activities such as utilizing the Housing Provident Fund together with reduced-interest mortgages. People's response to the deepening commodification of land, labor, and money therefore emerges from their everyday practices and arrangement of care. In other words, how people react to the conditions of insecurity remain entangled with the welfare structures that create them