以沙氏法案為基礎的企業資訊系統一般控制要項建構與實證

[[abstract]]隨著時代不斷的進步，資訊科技的發展也是日新月異，為了提升企業本身的競爭能力，許多企業都紛紛開始採用各種資訊系統，例如企業資源規劃系統、客戶關係管理系統、供應鏈管理統等。再使用這些資訊系統的時候，雖然為企業帶來相當大的便利，但是另一方面也因為資訊系統本身的複雜性使然，在安全性上也留下了一大隱憂。資訊系統的內部控制成為了一個相當重要的課題，而其中又以一般控制是最為必須所受到重視的，如果有良好的一般控制，勢必能夠提升資訊系統本身的安全性。 本研究第一階段透過相關文獻的探討及整理，採用紮根理論研究法找尋出資訊系統應有之內部控制作項目的相關變數，以證期局所訂定之「公開發行公司建立內部控制制度處理準則」中的控制作業規範建構出本研究之雛形。再經由擁有企業資訊系統維護、管理及稽核實務經驗專家們的修正與確認，試圖提出『企業資訊系統之一般控制要點』，以提供稽核人員對企業資訊系統進行資料品質稽核的作業依據。第二階段將以此理論端建立之雛型為基礎，以個案研究法驗證，確認本研究提出之控制項目的可用性及有效性。 藉由本研究所建構出十一個個構面共48項控制項目的成果，期望能夠提供一個參考準則，以協助企業建立起資訊系統上內部控制的完善管理機制，並提供稽核人員在進行企業資訊系統上的稽核時可以針對企業資訊系統應控管的內部控制要點進行有效查核，讓企業能夠降低在資訊系統使用上的風險。而在學術研究方面，也可作為後續相關研究的一個範例，讓有興趣對資訊系統進行研究者，可以針對不同的資訊系統去深入探討出彼此間的內部控制有何差異存在，以建構出專屬於特定資訊系統的內部控制項目

DsPIC Based Control System with CAN BUS for Robot Manipulators

本篇論文的研究主要是利用微控制器搭配DE2-70 嵌入式開發板為開發平台，實作出一套模組化的機器手臂控制系統。在論文中所使用的硬體發展平台是使用 Altera 公司的DE2-70 開發板搭配Microchip 所生產的DsPIC33FJ128MC710 為機器手臂的系統控制器。 在實作方面，整體硬體系統架構可以細分為主機端、NIOS II、DsPIC 微控制器三部分；主機端提供一個GUI 介面方便使用者進行逆向運動學座標輸入，並透過主機端UART 介面將座標傳送至DE2-70 開發板的NIOS II 系統中進行逆向運動學的運算，NIOS II 系統將逆向運動學各角度計算完畢後再將命令傳送至各軸的微控制器進行馬達的位置控制。 本文在DE2-70 開發板與DsPIC 微控制器之間的訊號傳輸的通訊介面是使用 CAN BUS 訊號傳輸匯流排技術，進行倆模組化系統之間的訊號傳輸，由於CAN BUS 技術傳輸訊號穩定、快速，相當適合用於大多數機器人的研究與開發。[[abstract]]This thesis exploits microcontrollers with the DE2-70 embedded development board for development platform to make a modularity robotic manipulator control system. The hardware development platform which is mentioned in the dissertation is DE2-70 development board from ALTERA Company with DsPIC33FJ128MC710 produced by microchip system controller for the robot manipulator. In the implementation, the overall hardware system structure can be separated into three parts, GUI, NIOS II core process, and DsPIC microcontroller. The host provides a GUI for users to input inverse kinematics coordinates, and through the host UART interface, we can send the coordinates to the NIOS II system of DE2-70 development board to compute inverse kinematics. After calculating the axis angles of inverse kinematics, NIOS II system will send the instruction to the microcontroller to control the position of the motor. In this thesis, the technology of CAN BUS signal transmission bus is used to transmit the signal between DE2-70 embedded development board and DsPIC microcontroller. Because of the CAN BUS technology with stability and fast quality, it is very suitable for the most research and development of robot

人類安全下之人口販運研究 ─以東南亞移工在臺灣之處境為例;A Research of the Human Security Framework for Human Trafficking—The Situation of Southeast Asia Migrant Workers in Taiwan

[[abstract]]人類安全強調以人為中心，重視個人並以人類福祉為重，具有普世性、互相聯繫性、預防勝於解決、以人為中心四項特點。臺灣自1989年開放外籍移工來臺後，人數直線上升，至2017年已破67萬人，而行蹤不明的外勞人數也逐年上升中。本研究探討其中東南亞移工遭人口販運與剝削之情形，以此對比臺灣人類安全發展不足之處。本研究首先蒐集人口販運相關文獻與國際組織統計資料，對當前國際上與臺灣的人口販運情況進行初步分析，並結合深度訪談仲介業者與外籍移工，依據其提供的實務經驗輔以政府數據，聚焦於討論外籍移工在臺灣艱難處境，以及被剝削之各種可能成因，歸納出幾項建議，以供政府未來研擬政策之參考。 Human security emphasizes people-centeredness, values individuals and human well-being. There are four characteristics of human security, universal, interconnected, prevention is better than solution, and people-centric. Taiwan implemented Southeast Asia migrant workers can coming to Taiwan policy in 1989, the number of migrant workers increased. In 2017, there were over than 670,000 people. However, the number of migrant workers with unknown whereabouts has gradually increased.This study explores the situation of trafficking and exploitation of Southeast Asia migrant workers in Taiwan, and compares the lack of human security development in Taiwan. First step, the study collects relevant literature on human trafficking and statistics of international organizations, and conducts a preliminary analysis of the current international trafficking situation in Taiwan. Combining interviews in some depth with agent and migrant workers, based on the practical experience provided by the agency and government data, focusing on discussing the difficult situation of migrant workers in Taiwan and the various possible causes of exploitation.Finally, there were several recommendations are summarized to provide a reference for the government research policy in the future

應用瑞薩晶片於主軸馬達轉子時間常數估測與向量控制之研究;

[[abstract]]本論文以瑞薩晶片為核心，建立一套主軸馬達控制系統，並使用MATLAB Simulink輔助，整合向量控制、資料擷取與傳輸、高精度通訊型編碼器與線上轉子時間常數估測此四大主題。首先介紹主軸馬達與向量控制的原理與數學模型，透過由MATLAB Simulink所建立之模擬對馬達控制系統進行動態分析，接著提到系統中所使用的瑞薩數位訊號處理器R7S910018BE應用於本研究的目標所具有的各項優勢，並利用其特點於主軸馬達控制系統中加入應用功能，包含線上轉子時間常數的估測與通訊型編碼器的實作，因此先後介紹轉子時間常數在向量控制中所扮演的重要角色、如何進行轉子時間常數的估測實驗，輔以模擬與實驗的結果比較，接著帶到編碼器的種類和原理、通訊型編碼器的運作架構及其優點，最後則是實驗硬體與軟體的說明與系統架構。 This thesis develops a spindle motor control system which is centered on Renesas digital signal processor. The system combine the vector control, motor information collection, high precision protocol type encoder and rotor time constant online identification function in our spindle motor driver. First, we introduce the induction motor structure and vector control theory. We also build the simulation of the induction motor control system to understand the dynamic performance. The next section explains the advantage of the Renesas DSP R7S910018BE in our research purpose. With its features, we can add the application functions which combine rotor time constant identification and protocol type encoder implementation into the motor control system. Therefore, the next topic introduces the importance of rotor time constant in space control and the identification experiment method. Moreover, comparing the result of simulation and experiment shows the identification accuracy. In the protocol type encoder part, we descript the category of rotary encoder and the strength of protocol type encoder. The application of protocol type encoder in our experiment and data transmission method is also in this section. At last, we list the hardware device and software development process of the entire control system

適用於捲對捲印刷之位置影像感測系統研發;Development of an image sensing system suitable for R2R printing position

[[abstract]]現今電子產品逐漸走向輕薄設計，其基材逐漸轉向塑膠等軟性材料。然而市面上製作軟性電子大多以黃光蝕刻製程，其步驟繁複且成本高，故捲對捲 (roll-to-roll, R2R) 印刷為軟性電子未來可能量產的技術之一。而大多軟性電子材料為多層結構，故在印刷控制上必須做到好的對位控制 (Registration control) 以降低對位誤差。然而在捲對捲多層印刷機台架設影像感測器會遇到兩個挑戰─第一，印刷第一層材料時同時印刷對位記號，進一步利用影像處理找出圖型重心以取得參考位置。然而印刷過程中若對位記號有缺陷則影像特徵會出現誤差；第二，影像感測器在FOV (Field of view) 為 2.5*2.5 ?mm?^2 的情況下，對於傳輸方向最大速度 v_web=10 m/min 其取樣時間必須小於 10 ms/frame 內。本研究目的為研發一個適用於捲對捲印刷位置影像感測系統；藉由對於拍攝之對位記號進行影像處理統計分析，設計最佳化對位記號，以降低圖案誤差造成之感測誤差。另外藉由即時作業系統 (Real-time Operating System) 及平行運算影像處理方法使得從拍照、影像處理及下控制指令之總時間能落在 10 ms/frame 以下。在對位記號圖型設計的結果上，得知當直線資料點數 n 越多時其特徵估測值 (θ ?,ρ ? ) 之變異量皆會越小，其值越接近實際值。在影像感測性能方面，其影像處理總執行時間約落在5.6 ms，而最差的時間約為7.7 ms，故此感測系統之取樣時間符合我們的目標 8 ms/frame 以下 (假設下控制指令為 2 ms 以下)。 Electronic products are moving toward thin and light design at present, and its substrates gradually change to flexible materials such as plastics. Most of the flexible electronics produced on the market are made by lithography or etching process, which is complicated and expensive, therefore roll-to-roll (R2R) printing is one of the technologies to produce the flexible electronics in large quantities in the future. Also due to multi-layer structure of flexible electronics, it must be performed well for registration control to reduce alignment error on the printing control.However, there are two challenge for R2R multi-layer printing with image visual sensor – firstly, as the first layer of material is printed, the alignment marker is coated at the same time, and then the reference position will be obtained through using image processing to find the centroid of the alignment marker. But the image features will get error when the alignment marker coated in the R2R printing process is defective. Secondly, in the case of 2.5*2.5 ?mm?^2 of FOV (Field of view) for the image sensor, the sampling time must be less than 10 ms/frame for the maximum speed v_web=10 m/min in the transmission direction.The purpose of this study is to develop an image sensing system suitable for R2R printing position; the optimized alignment marker is designed by statistical analysis of the image processing to reduce the sensing error caused by the pattern error. In addition, the total executing time from image capturing, processing, to ordering the control commands can be reduced to less than 10 ms/frame by the real-time operating system and the parallel computing image processing method.On the result of the design of the alignment mark, it is shown that the more the number of linear data points n is, the smaller the variation of the feature estimated value will be, and its value will be closer to the actual value. In terms of image sensing performance, the total executing time of image processing is about 5.6 ms, and the worst time is about 7.7 ms. Therefore, the sampling time of the sensing system meet our target of 8 ms/frame (assuming ordering the control command is less than 2 ms)

使用預測方法達成即時性五軸工具機碰撞偵測之研究;A Research of Achieving Five-axis CNC Machine Tool Real Time Collision Detection with Predictive Methods

[[abstract]]五軸CNC工具機造價高昂，因此防止撞機的技術就相當重要。在工具機防碰撞的領域中，大多數的應用方式都是藉由預讀加工的NC code(G-code)得到加工的路徑，再以各式各樣的碰撞偵測演算法計算刀具與各軸機具間的狀態。然而這樣的方式並不是真正的即時性防碰撞，反而比較接近干涉的模擬，並且無法應用於沒有加工碼的情況中。為解決上述問題，本文引入統計學中的預測模型，針對工具機的歷史軌跡進行預測，獲得下一個時間點機台可能的座標位置，提早進行碰撞偵測來迴避碰撞的發生。 本文比較了數種預測模型並加以改進，修改後的SAIGM預測模型針對Bezier曲線能達到平均誤差0.006微米，最大誤差0.521微米的預測結果。利用本文改良後的SAIGM預測模型，可以使用儲存的工具機軌跡資料來預測6個取樣時間後的機台位置。 在模型建構方面，本文使用（Constructive Solid Geometry）實體構造幾何模型來建構機台模型，而非三角網格，來降低測試的物件數量，進而使分離軸定理的碰撞偵測時間低於0.1ms，平均偵測時間約為44μs。最後以OpenGL呈現電腦動畫做驗證。 本文目的在於發展一套應用於五軸CNC工具機之即時性防碰撞偵測技術，並且使其能應用於實際的五軸工具機之中。本文提出融合預測方法與碰撞偵測的程式架構在模擬中皆能在1ms內完成，可應用於實際的五軸工具機中。文末針對進給率較大的路徑進行分析，在物件數量極低的情況下也能在1ms內完成整個程式的計算。 Five-axis CNC machine tools are expensive but necessary to today’s industry. To avoid the machine tools collision or accident happening, collision detection technology has been much more important than before. Those machine tools collision detection structures were often done by pre-reading the command or interpolation points from the user. Once they got those pre-reading contours, they will be applied to a variety of collision detection methods. However, those structures are not real-time, more like simulation of interference. On the other hand, they can’t apply to the situation without G-codes. To achieve real-time five-axis CNC machine tools collision detection, we will develop a new structure of machine tools collision detection by utilizing encoders’ data and forecast model. By forecasting the position of machine tools, we will able to avoid collision happening when the SAT(Separating-Axis-Theorem) finish. In this research, we compare several kinds of prediction models and improve the SAIGM(self-adaptive intelligence grey predictive model) forecast model. Forecasting Bezier curve contour with improved SAIGM, the average error is 0.006μm and the maximum error is 0.521μm. The improved SAIGM forecast model can be used to forecast up to 6 sampling times. CSG(Constructive Solid Geometry) method is utilized to represent the five-axis CNC machine tools. The computation time of SAT with limited models is lower than 0.1ms, the average computation time is 44μs. Simulation results will show with OpenGL in the end of program. The computation time of this real-time five-axis CNC machine tools collision detection algorithm are totally below 1ms, which means it could be possible installed in real industry. Even with a higher feedrate, as long as the CSG model’s number is small, the computation time will still below 1ms

中西醫合併肺癌治療的存活分析;Survival Analysis of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Therapy for Lung Cancer

[[abstract]]本論文分析中西醫合併治療的肺癌病患和純西醫治療的肺癌病患的存活時間是否有顯著差異。研究資料是基於大林慈濟及台北慈濟醫院的癌症登記資料庫及門診資料，總共收錄1871筆肺癌病患資料，其中包含228筆採用中西醫合併治療的資料及1643筆採用純西醫治療的資料。論文首先透過卡方檢定得知許多研究變項分布有顯著差異，因此無法直接運用Kaplan-Meier存活分析。論文接著採用Cox風險迴歸分析，將沒有通過等比例假設檢定的研究變項進行分層，並確定有交互作用的研究變項。分析結果顯示採用純西醫治療比採用中西醫合併治療約增加50%的風險並且達到顯著，而中西醫合併治療的存活時間也明顯優於純西醫治療。而本篇論文也發現了8個單味藥與2個方劑在治療肺癌上有顯著的效果，也找出了7組有效的組合藥，約能降低80~90%的死亡風險。 This thesis analyzes whether there is a significant difference in the survival time between lung cancer patients treated with combining traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine and lung cancer patients treated with western medicine. The research data is based on the cancer registration database and patient information of Dalin Tzu Chi and Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital. There are a total of 1871 lung cancer patients in the research data including 228 data using the treatment of combined TCM and western medicine and 1643 data using western medicine. The chi-square test shows that there are significant differences in the distribution of many research variables. Therefore, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis cannot be directly applied. The Cox risk regression analysis is then applied by stratifying the research variables that do not pass the PH assumption and identifying the research variables with interactions. The results of the analysis show that the risk of using western medicine treatment is about 50% higher than that of using combining TCM and western medicine. The survival time of using western medicine treatment is significantly better than that of using western medicine as well. The results of the analysis also shows that there are 8 herbs, 7 bi-herb combinations, and 2 formulas that have the effects of reducing the risk of death by 80 ~ 90% in the treatment of lung cancer

基於Clang之程式碼檢查器設計與實作;A Security Checker Based on Clang

[[abstract]]由於C語言在執行上的高效率、功能豐富、擴展性高、可移植性等優點，從被開發出來直至今2018年，其熱門程度一直與JAVA並駕齊驅，在軟體評價公司Tiobe程式語言排行榜中維持前兩名[1]。但是C語言本身的設計缺陷，卻也可能使得電腦當機、軟體崩潰，甚至是輕易的被駭客惡意入侵。這些漏洞包含了緩衝區溢位、格式化字串等等。 為了減少C語言漏洞對應用程式和作業系統的傷害，我們利用靜態分析工具來協助工程師去偵測原始碼中的漏洞。當被檢查的程式碼中使用了我們認為可能會造成系統危害的函式或變數時，編譯器會顯示相關的警告訊息，以便工程師能依據該訊息的提示，來得知原始碼中是否有漏洞的危險。 本篇論文開發出基於Clang之靜態分析工具來協助工程師檢查原始碼，利用檢查後輸出的警告提示，來讓程式執行的過程中擁有更高的安全性。 Due to the high efficiency, rich functions, high scalability, and portability of the C language, it has been developed since its inception in 2018, and its popularity has been keeping pace with JAVA, in the software evaluation company Tiobe programming language list. Maintain the top two [1]. However, the design flaws of the C language itself may cause the computer to crash, the software to crash, or even be easily maliciously invaded by hackers. These vulnerabilities include buffer overflows, formatted strings, and more.To reduce the harm of C language vulnerabilities to applications and operating systems, we use static analysis tools to assist engineers in detecting vulnerabilities in source code. When the function or variable that we think may cause system harm is used in the code being checked, the compiler will display a warning message so that the engineer can know whether there is a loophole in the source code according to the prompt of the message. Danger.This paper develops a static analysis tool based on Clang to assist engineers in checking the source code and using the warning prompts output after the check to make the program more secure during execution

基於深度學習應用於鋼胚瑕疵檢測;Steel Surface Defects Detection based on Deep Learning

[[abstract]]鋼胚表面瑕疵檢測在鋼鐵製造業的品質管理扮演了舉足輕重的地位，然而利用人力檢測鋼胚瑕疵卻大幅減緩產品線之製造速度並耗費許多人力時間上的成本。目前傳統影像處理方法被提出來自動檢測熱軋鋼材表面，大致上分成兩步驟，影像前處理與分割瑕疵部分，前處理部分為克服影像明亮度不均的問題而分割部分則是利用影像處理的方法進行判斷並以二元圖表現出影像中瑕疵與否。這方法高度依賴特徵擷取的過程，但瑕疵的特徵擷取卻不容易去選取判定。在本篇論文中我們提出根據深度學習之應用來自動偵測鋼胚影像瑕疵，不像傳統方法利用人為設定瑕疵而是透過大量訓練資料來讓機器學習具代表性之特徵瑕疵，並依檢測物件不同來優化其檢測能力，而此方法也能應用於其他工業檢測上。 Surface defects detection plays a significant role in quality enhancement in steel manufacturing. However, manual inspection of steel surface slows down the entire process and time consuming. Currently, many methods had been proposed for automatic defect detection on hot-rolled steel surface. These methods usually follow two steps: pre-processing and segmentation. The pre-processing step is to overcome the uneven illumination of images and the segmentation step is to generate the binary map to identify defect. This kind of methods highly depend on feature selection approaches, but the defect features are usually not easy to obtain. In this thesis, we propose an automatic steel surface defects detection method based on deep learning to replace traditional way to image processing. The deep learning models will be evaluated for defect detection. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect steel surface defects more effectively and accurately than the traditional methods, and this approach can be also applied to other industrial applications

支援時序猜測架構之迴圈轉換與指令排程技術;Loop Transformation and Instruction Scheduling Techniques for Timing Speculative Architecture

[[abstract]]傳統的處理器會嚴格地限制工作的電壓與頻率以確保在最糟糕的條件下保持處理結果的正確，但隨著製成的進步與電晶體密度的提高，為了應對環境的變動衝擊，電壓與頻率限制的越加嚴格。時序猜測架構透過允許處理器可以產生錯誤結果並透過錯誤容忍機制偵測與修正錯誤以降低電壓與頻率的限制瓶頸，然而程式會因時序錯誤而造成執行效能的影響。 本研究可分為三大工作。第一，透過實驗平台分析程式指令的使用行為對時序錯誤的影響，以進行對時序猜測架構優化。第二，透過分析結果提出迴圈轉換以有效降低高達37%時序錯誤的產生。第三，透過分析結果提出指令排程技術以分散時序錯誤的分布，以增進時序猜測架構與自適應電壓縮放技術的協作與降低高達45%時序錯誤的產生。本研究將研究成果實作於開源的LLVM編譯器基礎設施上，並能夠自動地使用我們的迴圈轉換與指令排程技術產生程式。 Traditional processor design incorporates voltage and frequency guardbands to ensure correct execution of operations under worst-case conditions. As transistor density increases and manufacturing processes improve, increasingly costly guardbands are required to deal with the impacts of environmental variability. The use of timing speculation can relax the tight constraint for worst-case design by allowing occasional errors, which are detected and corrected later by an error resilience mechanism. However, a program's performance may suffer owing to timing errors. The thesis consists of three works. First, we analyze program behaviors and observe what influence the number of timing errors through a simulator. Second, we propose a loop transformation technique for Timing Speculative Architectures to reduce up to 37% the number of timing errors. Third, we propose an instruction scheduling technique to rearrange the instructions in the programs that make better cooperation between Timing Speculative Architecture and Adaptive Voltage Scaling technique and reduce up to 45% the number of timing errors. These proposed techniques are implemented in the LLVM compiler infrastructure to generate the optimized programs automatically