Dialogue between the lines: Deaf and hearing interpreters’ interaction during intralingual co-interpretation

This study focuses on the practice of simultaneous co-interpreting in the media, specifically examining the interaction between a hearing interpreter (HI) and a deaf interpreter (DI). The HI’s role in this context is to interpret the spoken source speech in Belgian French into French Belgian Sign Language (LSFB) for the DI, who, in turn, conveys the discourse to a deaf audience. The main objective of this research is to explore the phenomenon of adjustment within the HI-DI interaction and the strategies used by the HIs to overcome the inherent challenges of this configuration. To do so, the study analyzes a collection of recorded press conferences related to the COVID-19 crisis, featuring four HI-DI teams. By analyzing a set of video data from press conferences, this study aims to identify the types of information exchanged during the interpretation process, such as specific concepts, meta-comments, the speaker’s intentions, and so on. Additionally, the study aims to identify the strategies used by the HIs throughout the process. This analysis reveals the complex dynamics of the HI-DI interaction, shedding light on the HIs’ efforts to convey content and meaning from the source speech, as well as their use of metalinguistic indications to make effective adjustments. This article focuses on three specific strategies employed by the HIs: compression strategies, whose goal is to provide the DI with time and space to reformulate the (pre)interpreted message; explicitation strategies, used to make explicit logical connections and prosodic information in the discourse; and interactional signaling strategies, which facilitate interaction between the interpreters.</p

HTA community perspectives on the use of patient preference information:Lessons learned from a survey with members of HTA bodies

This research sought to assess whether and how patient preference (PP) data are currently used within health technology assessment (HTA) bodies and affiliated organizations involved in technology/drug appraisals and assessments. An exploratory survey was developed by the PP Project Subcommittee of the HTA International Patient and Citizen Involvement Interest Group to gain insight into the use, impact, and role of PP data in HTA, as well as the perceived barriers to its incorporation. Forty members of HTA bodies and affiliated organizations from twelve countries completed the online survey. PP data were reported to be formally considered as part of the HTA evidence review process by 82.5 percent of the respondents, while 39.4 percent reported that most of the appraisals and assessments within their organization in the past year had submitted PP data. The leading reason for why PP data were not submitted in most assessments was time/resource constraints followed by lack of clarity on PP data impact. Participants reported that PP data had a moderate level of influence on the deliberative process and outcome of the decision, but a higher level of influence on the decision's quality. Most (81.8 percent) felt patient advocacy groups should be primarily responsible for generating and submitting this type of evidence. Insights from the survey confirm the use of PP data in HTA but reveal barriers to its broader and more meaningful integration. Encouragingly, participants believe obstacles can be overcome, paving the way for a second phase of research involving in-depth collaborative workshops with HTA representatives.</p

Empowerment-based prediction of swarm performance in collective perception

We apply a recently introduced information-theoretic complexity measure for predicting swarm performance in the Collective Perception scenario. Our approach builds on the principle of Empowerment, which offers a task-independent, universal and generic utility. We evaluated the empowerment measure with respect to the performance of one recent state-of-the-art neural network decision-making controller. The results reveal significant strong correlation between the levels of empowerment and both the accuracy and completion time achieved by a simulated swarm operating in nine distinctive environmental patterns and five swarm communication ranges, used previously to assess swarm performance. These findings suggest the potential of empowerment to analytically predict swarm performance and support the design of more efficient decision-making strategies

La vérité, toute la vérité ou sauver la face du patient en consultation

Dans un moment de nostalgie, nous avons revisionner des épisodes de la série Dr House (2004-2012). Première constatation, ce diagnosticien arrogant nous permet de mesurer comment ce qui était acceptable comme comportement a évolué. Il y a une phrase qui revient régulièrement chez House : « Tout le monde ment. » Ce qui justifie à ses yeux des comportements odieux pour découvrir la vérité. Ce qui est troublant c’est que cette affirmation a une grande part de vérité, car qui dit toute la vérité tout le temps ? Il y a plusieurs raisons de mentir : par exemple, vouloir se présenter comme un bon patient, se présenter sous un meilleur jour, atténuer des comportements indésirables, etc. Donc parfois le mensonge ou les demi-vérités cherchent à protéger l’image de soi1. Le danger est alors grand qu’à un moment donné le patient perde la face, car sa duplicité pourrait être révélée. Il est alors important que le professionnel aide le patient à sauver la face2. Cela permet généralement de développer une complicité et de renforcer la confiance entre les deux parties

Entre Μάρκος (Ἀντωνῖνος) ὁ φιλοσόφος et Divus Marcus:Étude de l’évolution de l’image posthume de Marc Aurèle et de la (re)construction du souvenir d’un philosophe

L’image « canonique » de Marc Aurèle comme empereur philosophe est bien attestée dans les sources dès la fin du IVe siècle. Cependant, une analyse attentive permet de souligner que les sources antérieures mettent davantage en évidence d’autres caractéristiques de l’empereur, ce qui invite à questionner la construction du mythe de l’empereur philosophe. Cette étude s’attache donc à un triple objectif : déterminer les composantes de la réception posthume « directe » de Marc Aurèle et l’influence des cadres sociaux romains sur cette remémoration ; retracer l’évolution de cette réception et identifier le moment où ses activités philosophiques devinrent une composante centrale de l’image de Marc Aurèle ; comprendre les raisons de cette émergence. Ainsi, il sera primordial d’appréhender l’influence du contexte politique du IVe siècle et, en particulier, de l’arrivée au pouvoir d’un nouvel empereur philosophe cherchant à imiter Marc Aurèle, Julien