Corrigendum to “Clinical manifestations and outcomes of human mpox infection from 1970 to 2023: A systematic literature review” [Clin. Infect. Pract. 24 (2024) 100397]

Corrigendum to item: FUNDING: This report is independent research by the UK Public Health Rapid Support Team, funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR grant reference IS-RRT-1015-001). This research is also supported by UK Aid from the Department of Health and Social Care and is jointly run by the UK Health Security Agency and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Special gratitude to the University of Oxford for their unwavering support, without which this research would not have been published. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused

Suicidal ideation across three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark – identifying vulnerable subgroups using COH-FIT data

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions might have increased suicidal ideation and behaviors. This study measured suicidal ideation and associated factors in the general Danish adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Using repeated cross-sectional Danish adult data from The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT, online anonymous survey, three waves in Denmark, including also representative samples), we estimated self-reported suicidal ideation prevalences during the three waves, and their association with demographic, socioeconomic, and psychological characteristics in multivariable analyses for each wave and pooled across all waves. Results: We included 2286, 1041, and 1039 individuals (age = 18–86, females = 52 %–55 %) from waves I (1–31/05/2020), II (11–20/01/2021), and III (14–20/01/2022). The prevalence of suicidal ideation was higher in wave I (42 %) than in waves II (30 %, p < 0.001) and III (28 %, p < 0.001). Odds for suicidal ideation were higher in those with loneliness, financial loss and prior suicidal attempts consistently across all three waves (range OR = 4.91; 95%CI = 4.02–5.99 to OR = 1.84; 95%CI = 1.42–2.39). Also, men, respondents with low and medium educational level, and those with a history of mental illness had higher odds of suicidal ideation, yet not consistently across waves. In multivariable analyses across pooled waves, suicidal ideation was associated (in descending order) with loneliness, financial loss, low-medium educational level, prior attempted suicide, history of mental illness, male sex, and younger age. Conclusion: COH-FIT Danish data identified groups vulnerable to suicidal ideation, especially early during the pandemic, with specific demographic, socioeconomic, and psychological characteristics, calling for targeted early interventions during crisis times

Achieving sustainability transformations for multi-species justice: assessing the potential of diverse legal pathways and societal struggles

This article explores the transformative potential of legal pathways and societal struggles to conserve biodiversity and achieve sustainability transformations toward multi-species justice. Exploring contemporary discourse on sustainability transformations, including emerging attention to relationality and critical perspectives, we analyse a range of legal instruments and measures to assess their transformative potential drawing upon their capacity to overcome rigid Cartesian dichotomies between humans and nature, to challenge capitalist accumulation imperatives and hence to contribute to a new societal sustainability goal of pluriversal, multi-species justice. Ranging from mainstream approaches in existing biodiversity and environmental instruments and supply chain instruments, such as environmental and deforestation due diligence, to newly emerging, more radical propositions of Rights of Nature, Ecocide and Restorative Justice, we review existing literature and empirical cases to interrogate and reflect upon their transformative potential, and to identify potentially effective combinations of socio-legal pathways

Testing the assumptions of history-dependent approaches to regulation: comparing compliant companies with those that transgress

Risk-based approaches to regulatory governance are ubiquitous. One aspect of such approaches suggests regulators direct their attention towards companies that have already violated regulations. However, such approaches have made little use of available data to explore these companies, especially compared to companies that do not transgress. This article represents a first step towards informing regulatory practice with an analysis of such data, examining whether companies that violate environmental regulations both once and multiple times can be distinguished from companies that have remained compliant. Companies pursued by the Environment Agency for England and Wales between 2010 and 2021 including both one-time violators (n = 445) and repeat violators (n = 1826) were compared with companies with no record of environmental violations (n = 4500). The results of the multinomial logistic regression suggested that increases in the log of current liabilities and return on equity were associated with an increased likelihood of being both a one-time and repeat violator, while decreases in return on capital employed and the logs of assets and net income were associated with the same. Finally, utilities companies were associated with an increased likelihood of being a repeat violator. The results have implications for where environmental regulators should direct their efforts. Financial difficulties in particular may serve to be an important indicator of whether a company may be at risk of violating environmental regulations

Chapter 69. Responsible research and innovation

Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) represents a paradigm shift in how to approach technological development and scientific inquiry. It focuses on guiding innovation processes toward societally desirable outcomes, specifically in response to global issues like climate change and food security. RRI advocates for a shared responsibility among various stakeholders including innovators, policymakers, and civil society. Originating in EU research programs, RRI has gained international influence, reflecting an evolution from earlier frameworks that prioritized societal and ethical considerations in science and technology. However, RRI faces challenges in implementation, often falling short of its transformative potential, requiring ongoing reform to truly align innovation with societal needs

Virome analysis of field-collected chilli samples reveals diverse viruses

Background: Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), an important spice crop, is susceptible to diverse viral infections. Traditional detection methods including PCR and its variants had difficulty in identifying the complete spectrum of viruses, especially in mixed infections. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has emerged as a successful tool for comprehensive virome analyses, enabling the identification of the known and novel viruses in the infected samples. Using HTS, we investigated virome analyses to identify known and novel viruses in chilli. Methods: In 2021–22, 19 leaf samples were collected from chili plants in farmer fields in Karnataka, India, showing symptoms such as leaf curling, vein banding, mosaic, mottling, filiform, leathery, dull-colored, and bunchy leaves. Total RNA was extracted, pooled at equimolar concentrations, and subjected to virome profiling. rRNA-depleted RNA was used to prepare mRNA and sRNA libraries, which were sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the sequencing data and identify plant viruses. Results: Viral disease incidences varied from 26.6 to 47.5% in the farmer fields surveyed. Virome analyses revealed complete/ near-complete genomes of six different viruses: chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), groundnut bud necrosis orthotospovirus (GBNV), pepper cryptic virus-2 (PCV-2), pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV) and bell pepper alphaendornavirus (BPEV). The viral copy number of ChiLCV was found to be the highest (45.36%) and had the least mutational frequency (SNPs) and was also associated with five satellites. Recombination breakpoints were observed in ChiLCV (coat protein and AC4 regions), CMV RNA2 (2a protein) and PeVYV (P0, P3 and P5 proteins), indicating their origins from intra- and interspecific recombination events. Identified viruses in the pooled RNA sample were confirmed by PCR. Further, novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) diagnostic assays were developed for diagnosing the identified viruses for future use. Among the six viruses identified in chilli, PeVYV and BPEV are the first reports from India

Enhancing employability through SDT-inspired internships: fostering autonomy, competence, and connectedness in undergraduate psychology students

This research addresses the disconnect between psychology education and post-graduation employability through a curriculum-integrated internship programme. Despite the growing number of psychology graduates, only about 6% become registered psychologists, and many struggle to find careers aligned with their academic background. This study explores the potential of internships, guided by Self-Determination Theory (SDT), to address this issue. Employing qualitative interviews with undergraduate psychology students before and after internship participation, data collection is currently ongoing and expected to be completed by February 2025. Preliminary findings suggest that well-structured internships can improve employability and align educational outcomes with career prospects

Trialling the Hailie® smart inhaler with children and young people for asthma management in the United Kingdom: a nested qualitative evaluation

Background Monitoring of inhaler use in high-risk children has the potential to reduce asthma attacks and asthma-related deaths. We, therefore, undertook the first UK primary care study to identify high-risk children and young people by searching primary care health records and provided the Hailie® smart inhaler to monitor their asthma medication usage. In this article, we present data from the nested qualitative study, conducted with key stakeholders. Methods This qualitative interview-based study explored a range of topics relating to the experiences of paediatric asthma care and management, including the use of the Hailie® smart inhaler, from the perspectives of the children, their parents/carers and healthcare professionals. Interview transcripts were generated and thematically analysed. Results Six parent–child dyads and one parent were interviewed, either online or face-to-face. Additionally, three healthcare professionals (1 Nurse, 1 Pharmacist and 1 Practice Manager) involved in paediatric asthma care and/or management were also interviewed. Two specific themes were identified: Firstly, app-based monitoring was generally viewed positively and was reassuring to parents. Children also appreciated learning about using their inhalers. Secondly, challenges with synching were identified and users had some practical suggestions for improvement. Healthcare professionals also observed that monitoring should not replace clinical support for self-management. Conclusion Our findings support the acceptability and usefulness of the Hailie® smart inhaler amongst children with high-risk asthma, although some technical difficulties need to be addressed. Further research is needed to assess effectiveness in clinical care management

Can a Wealth Tax reduce CO2 emissions in Europe?

We analyse the potential of wealth taxes to reduce CO2 emissions through two transmission channels: the inequality channel, which links reductions in wealth inequality to lower emissions, and the consumption channel, which analyses how wealth taxes affect consumption by top wealth holders. We simulate the effects of various wealth tax designs over one- and ten-year horizons using harmonised microdata from 22 European countries. Our analysis accounts for survey non-response bias, heterogeneous rates of returns across households, and behavioural responses to taxation. We find that, through the inequality channel, an annual progressive wealth tax could reduce annual CO2 emissions by 7.5%–14.7% after ten years relative to a no-tax scenario, depending on tax progressivity. Through the consumption channel, the average reduction is between 1.5%–3.6%. These findings highlight the potential of wealth taxes to serve a dual purpose: curbing wealth concentration and contributing meaningfully to climate mitigation and justice, by focusing on high-net worth households who account for a disproportionate share of emissions

Prompting and rag vs. student engagement and comprehension in educational technology

Generative AI (GenAI) has emerged as a valuable tool in education technology, offering potential to enhance learning and teaching processes. While concerns like fraudulent practices, algorithmic bias, privacy issues, and overreliance on technology persist, GenAI's benefits are significant when used strategically. It is essential, however, to view GenAI as a supplementary aid for students and educators rather than a replacement for human-led teaching. Effective use of GenAI requires thoughtful implementation, including techniques like prompting and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Prompting involves formulating questions or tasks for the AI, while RAG enhances the AI's ability to retrieve relevant information based on its training. This study focuses on the relationship between GenAI and students, excluding educators' roles. A mixed-method survey evaluated students' interactions with GenAI-generated answers in two scenarios: one where they had prior topic knowledge and another where they did not. Five chatbots-ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, Perplexity AI, and Sana AI-were tested with varied prompts. Results showed that students benefit most when they are engaged and have foundational topic knowledge. These findings underscore the role of educators in fostering student engagement and guiding effective GenAI use. By prioritizing understanding, educators ensure GenAI enhances learning, reinforcing that AI should support, not replace, education