Corrigendum to “Clinical manifestations and outcomes of human mpox infection from 1970 to 2023: A systematic literature review” [Clin. Infect. Pract. 24 (2024) 100397]

Corrigendum to item: FUNDING: This report is independent research by the UK Public Health Rapid Support Team, funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR grant reference IS-RRT-1015-001). This research is also supported by UK Aid from the Department of Health and Social Care and is jointly run by the UK Health Security Agency and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Special gratitude to the University of Oxford for their unwavering support, without which this research would not have been published. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused

A participatory scoping study of experiences of unpaid care giving among members of the ‘sandwich generation’ in Greater Manchester communities

This exploratory pilot study aimed to understand the experiences of caregiving among the sandwich generation, a group with care responsibilities for both members of the older and the younger generation. Although crucial, unpaid care providers are often overlooked in research, policy, and practice. The work particularly focused on experiences of diverse groups within this category, answering the question: What are the caring experiences and challenges faced by the sandwich generation, and what support is needed? Sandwich generation carers are trying to reconcile competing expectations, needs, and demands, which can negatively affect their health and well-being. Sandwich generation carers are often under-recognised and exist outside carer support provision. Learning more about the challenges sandwich carers face is important to address their present and future health and well-being needs. It is also important for the NHS because family care is an essential part of social and health care nationally and in Greater Manchester

Chapter 69. Responsible research and innovation

Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) represents a paradigm shift in how to approach technological development and scientific inquiry. It focuses on guiding innovation processes toward societally desirable outcomes, specifically in response to global issues like climate change and food security. RRI advocates for a shared responsibility among various stakeholders including innovators, policymakers, and civil society. Originating in EU research programs, RRI has gained international influence, reflecting an evolution from earlier frameworks that prioritized societal and ethical considerations in science and technology. However, RRI faces challenges in implementation, often falling short of its transformative potential, requiring ongoing reform to truly align innovation with societal needs

Testing the assumptions of history-dependent approaches to regulation: comparing compliant companies with those that transgress

Risk-based approaches to regulatory governance are ubiquitous. One aspect of such approaches suggests regulators direct their attention towards companies that have already violated regulations. However, such approaches have made little use of available data to explore these companies, especially compared to companies that do not transgress. This article represents a first step towards informing regulatory practice with an analysis of such data, examining whether companies that violate environmental regulations both once and multiple times can be distinguished from companies that have remained compliant. Companies pursued by the Environment Agency for England and Wales between 2010 and 2021 including both one-time violators (n = 445) and repeat violators (n = 1826) were compared with companies with no record of environmental violations (n = 4500). The results of the multinomial logistic regression suggested that increases in the log of current liabilities and return on equity were associated with an increased likelihood of being both a one-time and repeat violator, while decreases in return on capital employed and the logs of assets and net income were associated with the same. Finally, utilities companies were associated with an increased likelihood of being a repeat violator. The results have implications for where environmental regulators should direct their efforts. Financial difficulties in particular may serve to be an important indicator of whether a company may be at risk of violating environmental regulations

Night-work and its impact on workers and their families: the case of RMT workers

A substantial international body of work has shown the association between night work and shift work and a wide range of both mental and physical health conditions (Torquati et al., 2019; Moreno et al., 2019; Gurubhagavatula et al., 2021), with impacts on their families and communities (Arlinghaus, et al., 2019). A range of organisational psychosocial risks such as high workloads, reduced supervisor support, workplace violence are frequently increased for night workers (Fischer et al., 2019). However, there is also a tendency to suggest that the impacts of night work on the health of workers can also be explained by lifestyle habits which shifts responsibility from employers and their duty of care onto individual workers. This research aims to look at workers’ experience of night work, including in the context of shift work, the impact on their lives and the factors that may shape worker’s decision-making about night work, as well as how both organisational and labour market changes impact night work. The overall research covers five unions; CWU, RMT, TSSA, Equity and Community. An overall report will bring the findings together, but this report specifically analyses the data collected on the RMT. It is based on interviews with one RMT officer and 15 members working rotating and permanent nightshifts in Network Rail, London Underground (LU) and with one worker with the London Northeastern Railway (LNER), and with the workers in a range of job roles. The research aimed to: • Examine the experiences and perceptions of night working, including on-call work, and its impact on the physical and mental health of workers. • Explore the impact of changes in work, both organisational psychosocial risks including workloads, supervisor and social support, job cuts and vacancies as well as the labour market level, for example outsourcing, on experiences of night working; • Interrogate workers’ preferences for night work and the factors that may influence workers’ decisions to undertake night work; • Develop potential union demands in relation to collective bargaining about shiftwork and night work, including in the context of longer-term demands for a shorter working week

Beyond satisfaction: game feel design for emotionally impactful experiences

This paper seeks to understand the connections between two previously disjoint subfields of game research and design: 1) the study of emotionally impactful games and 2) the study of game feel. Regarding games and emotion, we now understand aspects such as how negative emotions are appreciated in games and can be a desirable quality for designers and players alike. We also understand aspects of game feel such as the importance of responsive player character control and juicy (i.e. exaggerated) feedback for player actions. However, the literature on game feel rarely links to emotion research and focuses on a narrow subset of emotions/feelings such as satisfaction and control. Research is lacking on how game feel design can impact a wider palette of emotions, including negative ones, and how this may require one to "break the rules" of good game feel design, e.g., making it purposefully hard to control the player character. We bridge this gap by employing Constructivist Grounded Theory Analysis to understand a dataset comprising of interview data from 15 participants and 116 game mechanics from a diverse selection of games such as Journey, Celeste, and Freedom Bridge. Through this, we propose Expectation Modulation as the core theory to capture how game feel can elicit emotional experiences. Additionally, we identify 9 design techniques as central to crafting emotional experiences through game feel design

A comparative analysis of physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses to elevated ozone identifies specific mechanisms of Kentucky bluegrass resistant cultivar

Rapid urbanization and industrialization have heightened near-surface concentrations of ozone (O3), causing oxidative damage in plants like turfgrass. Most studies on turfgrass responses to O3 focus primarily on physiological aspects, with few exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms. To fill this gap, we analyzed the phenotypic, physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic differences of two Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars (‘Arcadia’ and ‘Action’) under elevated O3 (EO3, non-filtered ambient air mixed with 80 ppb O3) and non-filtered ambient air (NF). After 9 days, the sensitive cultivar ‘Action’ showed stronger ozone-related responses than the resistant cultivar ‘Arcadia’, including leaf visible injury, reduced chlorophyll content, lower photosynthetic rate, and increased H2O2 and MDA content. Microscopic analysis of epidermal cell structure revealed that ‘Action’ had higher stomatal density than ‘Arcadia’, potentially resulting in higher O3 influx. The functional enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EO3 and NF in both cultivars were mainly related to signal transduction, redox control, and metabolism. The up-regulation of genes related to the JA signaling pathway (including OPR and DOX) in the resistant cultivar may boost its O3 resistance. In contrast, the sensitive cultivar activated the transcription factor WRKY33 via MAPK signaling, promoting the up-regulation of glutathione metabolism genes to maintain redox balance. In addition, the metabolomic analysis showed that ‘Arcadia’ had higher flavonoid content under O3 stress than ‘Action’, likely helping it maintain redox homeostasis

Enhancing employability through SDT-inspired internships: fostering autonomy, competence, and connectedness in undergraduate psychology students

This research addresses the disconnect between psychology education and post-graduation employability through a curriculum-integrated internship programme. Despite the growing number of psychology graduates, only about 6% become registered psychologists, and many struggle to find careers aligned with their academic background. This study explores the potential of internships, guided by Self-Determination Theory (SDT), to address this issue. Employing qualitative interviews with undergraduate psychology students before and after internship participation, data collection is currently ongoing and expected to be completed by February 2025. Preliminary findings suggest that well-structured internships can improve employability and align educational outcomes with career prospects

Virome analysis of field-collected chilli samples reveals diverse viruses

Background: Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), an important spice crop, is susceptible to diverse viral infections. Traditional detection methods including PCR and its variants had difficulty in identifying the complete spectrum of viruses, especially in mixed infections. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has emerged as a successful tool for comprehensive virome analyses, enabling the identification of the known and novel viruses in the infected samples. Using HTS, we investigated virome analyses to identify known and novel viruses in chilli. Methods: In 2021–22, 19 leaf samples were collected from chili plants in farmer fields in Karnataka, India, showing symptoms such as leaf curling, vein banding, mosaic, mottling, filiform, leathery, dull-colored, and bunchy leaves. Total RNA was extracted, pooled at equimolar concentrations, and subjected to virome profiling. rRNA-depleted RNA was used to prepare mRNA and sRNA libraries, which were sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the sequencing data and identify plant viruses. Results: Viral disease incidences varied from 26.6 to 47.5% in the farmer fields surveyed. Virome analyses revealed complete/ near-complete genomes of six different viruses: chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), groundnut bud necrosis orthotospovirus (GBNV), pepper cryptic virus-2 (PCV-2), pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV) and bell pepper alphaendornavirus (BPEV). The viral copy number of ChiLCV was found to be the highest (45.36%) and had the least mutational frequency (SNPs) and was also associated with five satellites. Recombination breakpoints were observed in ChiLCV (coat protein and AC4 regions), CMV RNA2 (2a protein) and PeVYV (P0, P3 and P5 proteins), indicating their origins from intra- and interspecific recombination events. Identified viruses in the pooled RNA sample were confirmed by PCR. Further, novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) diagnostic assays were developed for diagnosing the identified viruses for future use. Among the six viruses identified in chilli, PeVYV and BPEV are the first reports from India

Prompting and rag vs. student engagement and comprehension in educational technology

Generative AI (GenAI) has emerged as a valuable tool in education technology, offering potential to enhance learning and teaching processes. While concerns like fraudulent practices, algorithmic bias, privacy issues, and overreliance on technology persist, GenAI's benefits are significant when used strategically. It is essential, however, to view GenAI as a supplementary aid for students and educators rather than a replacement for human-led teaching. Effective use of GenAI requires thoughtful implementation, including techniques like prompting and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Prompting involves formulating questions or tasks for the AI, while RAG enhances the AI's ability to retrieve relevant information based on its training. This study focuses on the relationship between GenAI and students, excluding educators' roles. A mixed-method survey evaluated students' interactions with GenAI-generated answers in two scenarios: one where they had prior topic knowledge and another where they did not. Five chatbots-ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, Perplexity AI, and Sana AI-were tested with varied prompts. Results showed that students benefit most when they are engaged and have foundational topic knowledge. These findings underscore the role of educators in fostering student engagement and guiding effective GenAI use. By prioritizing understanding, educators ensure GenAI enhances learning, reinforcing that AI should support, not replace, education