Pyrene-Modified Cyclic Peptides Detect Cu2+ Ions by Fluorescence in Water

The detection of metal ions is an option for maintaining water quality and diagnosing metal ion-related diseases. In this study, we successfully detected metal ions using fluorescent peptides in water. First, we prepared seven linear (L1-L7) and seven cyclic (C1-C7) peptides containing two pyrenyl (Pyr) units and assessed the response to various metal ions by fluorescence. The results indicated that C1, which contains a hexameric cyclic peptide moiety consisting of Pyr and Gly units, did not show a fluorescent response to metal ions, while the linear L1 corresponding to C1 showed a response to Cu2+, but its selectivity was found to be poor through a competition assay for each metal ion. We then assessed C2-C7 and L2-L7, in which Gly was replaced by His units at various positions in the same manner. The results showed that C2-C7 responded to Cu2+ in a manner dependent on the His position. Additionally, superior selectivity was observed in C7 through a competition assay. These results demonstrate that the structural restriction of peptides and the sequence affect the selective detection of Cu2+ and reveal that peptides with an appropriate structure can accomplish the fluorescent detection of Cu2+ specifically

Decades of stability of conjunctival vascular malformations in two patients

A 65-year-old woman with diabetic retinopathy underwent glaucoma surgery to construct a filtering bleb adjacent to conjunctival hemangioma, and showed bleb function and stable hemangioma for a decade. A 1.5-year-old girl with right eye lid and cheek swelling by orbital to facial lymphangioma was followed for visual acuity development. Conjunctival lymphangioma was stable in 20 years

Duality-reflection formulas of multiple polylogarithms and their ℓ-adic Galois analogues

In this paper, we derive formulas of complex and ℓ-adic multiple polylogarithms, which have two aspects: a duality in terms of indexes and a reflection in terms of variables. We provide an algebraic proof of these formulas by using algebraic relations between associators arising from the S3-symmetry of the projective line minus three points