Measurements of Thermal Resistance Across Buried Interfaces with Frequency-Domain Thermoreflectance and Microscale Confinement

Confined geometries are used to increase measurement sensitivity to thermal boundary resistance at buried SiO2 interfaces with frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR). We show that radial confinement of the transducer film and additional underlying material layers prevents heat from spreading and increases the thermal penetration depth of the thermal wave. Parametric analyses are performed with finite element methods and used to examine the extent to which the thermal penetration depth increases as a function of a material’s effective thermal resistance and the degree of material confinement relative to the pump beam diameter. To our surprise, results suggest that the measurement technique is not always the most sensitive to the largest thermal resistor in a multilayer material. We also find that increasing the degree to which a material is confined improves measurement sensitivity to the thermal resistance across material interfaces that are buried 10s of μm to mm below the surface. These results are used to design experimental measurements of etched, 200 nm thick SiO2 films deposited on Al2O3 substrates, and offer an opportunity for thermal scientists and engineers to characterize the thermal resistance across a broader range of material interfaces within electronic device architectures that have historically been difficult to access via experiment

Development of a Ni-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Mizoroki- Heck Reaction for the Synthesis of Phenanthridinone Derivatives

The Birch reduction-alkylation coupled to the desymmetrizing Mizoroki-Heck reaction is a novel synthetic tool to form potentially bioactive phenanthridinone analogs from inexpensive and easily available starting materials. This work describes a rare example of the direct replacement of palladium for nickel in our previously reported enantioselective intramolecular Heck reaction. A Ni-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction has been developed to transform symmetrical 1,4- cyclohexadienes with attached aryl halides to phenanthridinone analogs containing quaternary stereocenters. Moreover, this approach provides direct access to six-member ring heterocyclic systems bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters, which have been much more challenging to form enantioselectively with nickel-catalyzed Heck reactions. The first part of this project describes important advances in reaction optimization enabling control of unwanted proto-dehalogenation and alkene reduction side products. The second section focuses on the development of enantioselective strategy with a newly synthesized chiral iQuinox-type bidentate ligand. In the third section, we describe efforts to explore the substrate scope and to subsequently transform the 1,3-diene Heck products into molecules with potentially greater therapeutic relevance. In the last project chapter, mechanistic investigations and a computational study of the key 1,2-migratory insertion step shed light on the catalytic cycle and the basis for the enantioselectivity. Altogether, this work presents a very attractive alternative to the palladium-catalyzed process and should facilitate the application of Ni catalysis to traditional Heck transformations

Wartime Art and Temporality in the Russian and Soviet Avant-Gardes, 1914–1928

This dissertation examines the ruptured temporality of “wartime” in works by artists, poets, and filmmakers belonging to the Russian and Soviet avant-gardes between 1914 and 1928. Wartime, this study argues, shaped the aesthetics and temporality of canonical works from cubo-futurist illustrated books and collage painting to agitprop theatre and groundbreaking silent film produced in an era of industrialized warfare, revolutionary upheaval, and civil unrest. I reveal the ways in which manifest notions of time were challenged and dismantled in a myriad of artistic forms, styles, and concepts responding to the First World War. Over five chapters, this dissertation examines the ways in which artists working in a variety of media meditated on past wars and imagined futural wars between 1914 and 1928. I explore the unsettling experience of anticipating and protesting the War by civilians away from the frontlines in illustrated books including War by Olga Rozanova and Aleksei Kruchenykh, The Mystical Images of War by Natalia Goncharova, and Universal War also by Kruchenykh published between 1914 and 1916. During the height of hostilities, I analyze the intersection between war, disability, and crip time in portraiture of conscription and soldierhood in the collage painting Reservist of the First Division by Kazimir Malevich. The dissertation turns to an exploration of the recurrent motifs of war and violence in the 1913 futurist opera Victory over the Sun and its agitprop restagings in 1920 and 1923 through the Civil War and communist contexts. I conclude with an examination of commemorative films reflecting on the traumatic memory of the intertwined events of war and revolution in The Fall of the Romanov Dynasty by Esfir Shub, The End of St. Petersburg by Vsevolod Pudovkin, and October by Sergei Eisenstein produced between 1927 and 1928. Through the concept of wartime, this study examines the temporal slippage between wartime and peacetime, combatant and civilian, and war and revolution to illustrate the profound ways that war shaped the aesthetics and temporality of the avant-garde

Exploring Racially Informed Factors and Assessing Their Impacts on the Working Conditions and Burnout among Bicultural Asian Human Service Workers

The United States has undergone a significant increase in cultural diversity, with Asians being the fastest-growing immigrant group. Their population has almost doubled from 11.9 million in 2000 to 22.4 million in 2019, marking an 88% increase in less than two decades. Presently, Asians make up 6% of the total U.S. population and are estimated to grow to 46 million by 2060, representing over 10% of the U.S. population. Asians are often considered a model minority due to their higher educational and health status compared to other minority groups. However, they are still perceived as perpetual foreigners regardless of their length of stay and generational status in the country. During the pandemic, they became the target of pandemic-related racism that was supported by a political agenda. Amidst unprecedentedly heightened racism and collective trauma in the Asian community, bicultural and bilingual Asian human service workers play a critical role in providing culturally and linguistically aligned health and social services. However, these dedicated workers have not received much attention. Therefore, this research, based on the Asian Critical Race Theory, investigates how the racial positioning and racial realities of Asians in the United States relate to the working conditions of bicultural and bilingual Asian human service workers. This study uses a sequential exploratory mixed-method approach to explore the connection between racially informed factors and the working conditions and burnout of workers in the health and social service fields. The study applies the Job Demands and Job Resources Model to understand this link. The findings of this study support the need to better support a diverse and resilient workforce in the health and social service fields to achieve racial equity for an ever-growing Asian population

Feeling Trapped: Exploring the Lived Psychosocial Experiences of First-Generation College Students

Limited research exists that examines the lived experiences of psychosocial stress among first-generation college students. I utilize a trauma informed conceptual framework using the acculturative stress model and concepts from collective trauma to describe how colleges can function as a microcosm of the real world and place first-generation college students at increased vulnerability on top of the normative developmental challenges of young adulthood. I conducted a qualitative research study using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) research design to gain insights from first-generation college students about their lived experiences related to psychosocial distress. This study included purposive sampling at one four-year college institution in the Northeast. A total of 13 undergraduate college students who identify as first-generation college students were interviewed using 60-90 minute semi-structured interviews that were audio recorded. The data was transcribed and coded using thematic analysis. One finding revealed a theme of first-generation college students renegotiating their intersecting identities that impacted feelings of connection and disconnection in college. Some identities were more salient than others in their home community and this saliency changed in college. The identities that stood out as most salient in college included identity as low-income, identity as a first-generation college student, and racial/ethnic identity. A second finding revealed a theme of sense of loss experienced by students that was nuanced, took time to identify, and took time to articulate. This sense of grief and loss and melancholia connected with fragmentation, splitting of the self, and intrapsychic conflict. These experiences resulted in students in this study feeling trapped in their circumstances. The third main finding revealed a theme of challenges with coping due to the intersectionality of identities, pattern of self-sufficiency and parentification, and dissociation of the self that made it difficult to recognize a need for help. University campuses, especially those with a history of exclusivity, may not hold diverse communities of students, may create a culture that devalues the identity of first-generation or of an ethnic and racial background, and may contribute to students’ sense of not belonging and psychosocial stress, particularly if they hold one or more intersecting marginalized identities

Viennese Japonismus and Modern Allegory in the Work of Gustav Klimt

This dissertation examines Viennese Japonismus and modern allegory in the work of Gustav Klimt. One of the paradoxical ambitions of Vienna’s early visual modernists was the creation of a new art that would, nevertheless, revive the essence of tradition, creating a collective aesthetic that crossed national and historical boundaries. Klimt and his close collaborators, like Josef Hoffmann, and artists engaged in the broader context of central Europe, like Emil Orlik, believed that Japanese art presented a viable path toward a universal, modern visual language. This conception arose from layers of exoticism, primitivism, Orientalism, and genuine encounter with old and new Japanese art. The questions I address are: How did the historical cultural problem of the fracturing Habsburg Empire inform the aims of artistic reformers from the 1860s through the foundations of the Secession and Wiener Werkst.tte? How did the inescapable question of Austrian identity in the arts encourage eclecticism and the emergence of new paradigms like Japonismus? How did the multifaceted layers of international Japonism inform Viennese artists’ mindful selections and emulative reinventions of Japanese aesthetic principles? In the particular case of Klimt, how did the visual tradition of allegory, which was foundational and persistent in his oeuvre, shape his pursuit of a truly modern art for and of his age? Lastly, how did Klimt’s serious and lengthy engagement with the arts of Japan inform his modernization of allegory? Building on institutional histories, historiographies, critical reexaminations of Austrian visual modernism, the model of “Vienna 1900,” and the works of Klimt, I argue that Klimt did not simply adorn allegory in the new cloak of Japonismus, he aimed for coalescence and a unity that would establish a new modern paradigm. This examination engages with areas of inquiry opened by German/Austrian-Asian studies, scholarship on cultural transfer and exchange, and new explorations into world\u27s fairs, international Japonism, and the Meiji arts. It is the first monograph to study the inter-relation of Japonismus and allegory in Klimt’s art

Afternoon Session I

Radcliffe Edmonds They Might Be Giants: The Attendants of Dionysos Luisina Abrach The Murderous Dance around Dionysos on the Throne Carman Romano Un/successful Divine Revolt in Early Greek Epic and fr. 6v-6r