La tributación de los hidrocarburos en Castilla y León = Fuel taxation in Castilla y León

En este trabajo se estudia las diferentes figuras tributarias que han afectado a los hidrocarburos hasta diciembre de 2012. En concreto se estudian el Impuesto sobre Hidrocarburos (IH) y el Impuesto sobre las Ventas Minoristas de Determinados Hidrocarburos (IVMDH). Asimismo, se revisan los efectos que han tenido para Castilla y León la implantación del tramo autonómico del IVMDH en la recaudación del tributo, así como en los precios y consumo de los carburantes en la Comunidad. Esta revisión global de la situación, permite extraer algunas conclusiones en el corto plazo sobre las medidas adoptadas en tributación de los hidrocarburo

Analysis of resistance to thermal erosion and heat transfer of metal matrix composites in a jet engine exhaust nozzle

[ES] La tobera de un motor aerorreactor se ve sometida a condiciones de servicio críticas. Las temperaturas elevadas que adquiere el flujo de aire durante la combustión se transmiten a las pardes de la tobera por mecanismos de transferencia de calor, conducción y convección. Es necesario realizar un análisis exhaustivo de los materiales seleccionados para la fabricación de la tobera, con el objetivo de cumplir los requisitos establecidos para resistir la temperatura, las tensiones térmicas inducidas y fenómenos derivados de la exposición permanente. Choque térmico, termofluencia, expansión, contracción térmica y fatiga son algunos de los procesos que aceleran la degradación de la sección de escape de un turborreactor. Los materiales con las propiedades más adecuadas son los materiales compuestos de matriz metálica. Se realizará un estudio para seleccionar las aleaciones y los refuerzos que formarán estos materiales compuestos, en función de su morfología, propiedades demandadas, características finales y técnicas y procesos de fabricación aplicados. Con el software de simulación de dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD) ANSYS Fluent® se realiza una simulación de transferencia de calor, por convección del fluido de trabajo a la pared interna, por conducción a través del material, y por transmisión mixta convección-radiación con el entorno. Para finalizar se analizan los resultados obtenidos de cada material compuesto y se comparan las propiedades y el comportamiento frente a la degradación.[EN] The nozzle of a jet engine is subjected to critical service conditions. The high temperatures acquired by the air flow during combustion are transmitted to the nozzle parts by heat transfer mechanisms, conduction and convection. It is necessary to carry out an exhaustive analysis of the materials selected for the manufacture of the nozzle, in order to meet the requirements to resist temperature, induced thermal stresses and the phenomena derived from permanent exposure. Thermal shock, creep, thermal expansion, contraction and fatigue are some of the processes that accelerate the degradation of the exhaust section of a turbojet. The materials with the most suitable properties are metal matrix composite materials. A study will be carried out to select the alloys and reinforcements that will form these composite materials, based on their morphology, required properties, final characteristics and applied manufacturing techniques and processes. With the ANSYS Fluent® computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software, a simulation of heat transfer is carried out, by convection of the working fluid to the internal wall, by conduction through the material, and by mixed convection-radiation transmission. with the environment. Finally, the results obtained from each composite material are analysed and the properties and behaviour against degradation are compared

Obtaining refined Euro-Mediterranean rainfall projections through regional assessment of CMIP6 General Circulation Models

[EN] Despite the European Mediterranean Region (Euro-Med) being highly vulnerable to climate change the evaluation of General Circulation Models (GCMs) is limited in this region. This research aims to enhance Euro-Med rainfall projections by employing an optimized spatial assessment of 34 CMIP6 GCMs. Firstly, GCMs were interpolated to a common 0.1° grid, matching ERA Land, the reference dataset. Empirical Bayesian Kriging was identified as the most suitable technique, exhibiting the lowest error between raw and interpolated data. After that, annual rainfall interpolated data were compared against ERA5 Land. The performance of GCMs was assessed using five different goodness-of-fit metrics: Normalized Root Mean Squared Error, Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency, Kling–Gupta Efficiency, Coefficient of Correlation and modified index of agreement. CanESM5, CAS-ESM2-0, UKES-M1-1-LL, HadGEM-GC31-LL, MPI-ESM1-2-HR, and GISS-E2-2-G were identified as the top performers. The Multi-Model Ensemble was created assembling these six GCMs through Random Forest (RFE), since it was found that it discriminates local under or overestimations in GCMs. RFE was used for short-term (2026-2050), medium-term (2051-2075), and long-term (2076-2100) projections under three emission scenarios: SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5. Results indicate a projected decrease in annual rainfall in southern areas, accompanied by more notable declines in summer and autumn. On the contrary, the Alps, particularly the Austrian Alps, show resilience to summer stress, with some regions even showing increases in rainfall. Additionally, there is a noticeable north-south pattern in spring and winter. Finally, anomalies were compared against those reported by IPCC, detecting a potentially drier summer, spring and annual yield, and a wetter winter and autumn. The study provides valuable insights into GCM performance in the Euro-Med, offering a robust foundation for improved future rainfall projections and a reduction in associated uncertainties, crucial for climate change adaptation strategies in the European Mediterranean RegionSIThis paper was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, General Secretary of Universities (Government of Spain). The grant was awarded to Ferreiro-Lera, G.B. (Ref.: FPU21/03022) and included in a Fellowship Scheme for a Doctoral Training Progra

Introducción a la investigación con métodos mixtos

[ES] Este capítulo de libro forma parte de la obra "Métodos y diseños de investigación en contextos socioeducativos" coordinada por Quintanal Díaz y Sánchez Huete

Qualité des plans de formation. Évaluation de la qualité des enseignants. Révision des plans de formation généraux et spécifiques développés dans le projet

[ES] Capítulo del libro "Expériences et leçons partagées". Este capítulo se centra en el apoyo a la modernización de la educación superior en Argelia a través del fortalecimiento de las competencias pedagógicas y de gestión

Opinions of university education students on degrowth training: A quantitative study

[EN] The ecological crisis and climate change threaten life on the planet. Degrowth is seen as the most effective way to avoid possible eco-technological collapse and to learn to live more simply, so that others can simply live. The training of teachers in degrowth, both initial and permanent, becomes a priority for the Higher Education of future generations. The purpose of this research was to analyse the opinion of 348 students of Education degrees (Bachelor and Master) regarding the ecological crisis and degrowth, and their opinion on the need for training on these issues in Higher Education. The quantitative research methodology was carried out using a Likert-type questionnaire with 10 closed questions, allowing for a descriptive-interpretative and factorial analysis of the data obtained. The results show that the participants perceive the seriousness of the ecological crisis and, although they do not have an in-depth knowledge of the concept of degrowth, they consider that education in and for degrowth should be introduced into the educational system in order to change the paradigm of infinite development of a finite and consumerist planet as a form of social fulfilment and happiness. It is concluded that systematic, permanent and indepth university teacher training on degrowth is necessary as an effective and necessary alternative to face the current global crisis and that the questionnaire has been an appropriate instrument to find out the students’ opinions.SIThis research has been funded by the European Project Erasmus+, Jean Monnet Module, titled “Building up an Inclusive and Democratic Europe through a Dialogical Co-Creation of Intercultural Solutions to the Rise of Neo-Fascism and Xenophobia.” Call for Proposals 2020 - EAC-A02-2019-JMO. Application No 620320-EPP-1-2020-1-ES-EPPJMO-MODULE. Duration: 3 years (2020-2023)

A class of implicative expansions of Belnap-Dunn logic in whose elements a Boolean negation is definable.

[EN] Abstract. Implicative expansions of Belnap–Dunn logic and their equivalence to four-valued non-classical logics.Acknowledgements. Work supported by research project PID2020-116502GB-I00, financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033)

Sequential Memetic Algorithm Optimization for Allocation Planning in Hostelry Establishments

[EN] Hostelry establishments face the challenge of devising a table and chair allocation for accommodating their customers on a daily basis. This problem scales significantly with the introduction of constraints, such as scenario obstacles or the requirement of a minimum distance separation. The TLP (Table Location Problem) and the CLP (Chair Location Problem) are NP-Hard complexity problems that aim to attain the optimal table and chair distribution for certain applications. Existing approaches to this problem fail to address both the TLP and CLP simultaneously, thus resulting in suboptimal solutions achieved by imposing optimization constraints. Therefore, in this paper, a sequential optimization methodology based on a GBLS MA (Gradient-Based Local Search Memetic Algorithm) optimizations is proposed for optimizing the table and chair disposition simultaneously while also considering scenario and distancing restrictions. The proposed methodology is then implemented into a realistic establishment, where different optimization strategies within the CLP are compared. Results prove the viability and flexibility of the proposed sequential optimization for complex hostelry scenarios.SIThis research was developed and funded by the project of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities grant number PID2023-153047OB100 and the Universidad de León

Digital technologies and occupational risk prevention. Concerning the European Agency Guide 2023‐2027

[ES] Al menos desde principios de los 2000, el legislador europeo ha promovido iniciativas destinadas a introducir de manera segura en la actividad productiva nuevas tecnologías digitales como la IA, la digitalización y la robótica. La aspiración de la Unión Europea es liderar la era digital, abarcando la digitalización de empresas, programas de competencias digitales para ciudadanos, desarrollo de una IA segura y el fortalecimiento del mercado único digital. Estas iniciativas también abordan las implicaciones de las nuevas tecnologías en las relaciones laborales, promoviendo una normativa que proteja a los empleados y asegure condiciones laborales dignas. Cabe destacar, dentro de esta inquietud en el ordenamiento social, la elaboración de instrumentos normativos en prevención de riesgos laborales, como la Directiva marco 89/391/CEE y otras disposiciones relacionadas con la protección de los empleados. El estudio revisa las disposiciones que afectan la salud de aquellos que utilizan tecnologías digitales en su trabajo, ya sea en plataformas digitales, trabajando a distancia o dependiendo de la IA y sistemas inteligentes para la supervisión de la salud y seguridad.[EN] At least since the early 2000s, the European legislator has promoted initiatives aimed at safely introducing new digital technologies such as AI, digitisation and robotics into productive activity. The European Union's aspiration is to lead the digital age, encompassing the digitisation of businesses, digital skills programmes for citizens, the development of secure AI and the strengthening of the digital single market. These initiatives also address the implications of new technologies on labour relations, promoting regulations that protect employees and ensure decent working conditions. Within this concern in the social order, it is worth highlighting the development of regulatory instruments on occupational risk prevention, such as the Framework Directive 89/391/EEC and other provisions related to the protection of employees. The study reviews the provisions affecting the health of those who use digital technologies in their work, whether on digital platforms, working remotely or relying on AI and intelligent systems for health and safety monitoring.S

La convivencia escolar en los planes de estudio del Grado en Educación Primaria: asignaturas específicas y buenas prácticas

[ES] En este estudio se realiza un análisis de los planes de estudio de las universidades españolas, tanto públicas como privadas, que ofertan el Grado de Educación Primaria, con el objetivo de analizar la presencia de la convivencia escolar en la formación inicial del profesorado en asignaturas específicas y detectar buenas prácticas llevadas a cabo en ellas. Inicialmente, se ha realizado un marco teórico en el que se refleja la conceptualización de la convivencia escolar, su tratamiento en las leyes educativas y la relevancia de que se aborde en la formación inicial del profesorado. A continuación, se exponen las preguntas de investigación que dan lugar al objetivo del estudio e hipótesis planteadas a las que se pretende dar respuesta y el método utilizado. Por último, se presentan los resultados obtenidos, seguidos de la discusión y las conclusiones correspondientes