A Study of Secured Enabled Passive Optical Network Enabling RoF

Innovation is an incorporation of radio sign in optical fiber transmission inside of system foundations that are thought to be financially savvy, pragmatic and moderately adaptable framework setup for whole deal transport remote signs. This venture proposes a Next era PON construction modeling backings RoF and OFDMA signal coordination without WDM lasers, and exhibit that 10-Gb/s OFDMA and three RF signals at 2.1GHz are transmitted more than 20km SMF in a 32-ONU in both upstream and downstream bearing. A security control unit and an optical switch are utilized associating four Optical Line Terminations (OLTs) with everyone serving just 32 Optical Network Units (ONUs). Insurance control unit gathers data of ONUs served by each OLT, and when an OLT falls flat, it will educate an active OLT to help its unique ONUs together with the burden served by the fizzled OLT

Cluttered Traffic Distribution in LoRa LPWAN

Low Power WAN (LPWAN) is a wireless broad area network technology. It is interconnects using only low bandwidth, less power consumption at long range. This technology is operating in unauthorized spectrum which designed for wireless data communication. To have an insight of such long-range technology, this paper evaluates the performance of LoRa radio links under shadowing effect and realistic smart city utilities clutter grid distribution. Such environment is synonymous to residential, industrial and modern urban centers. The focus is to include the effect of shadowing on the radio links while attempting to study the optimum sink node numbers and their locations for maximum sensor node connectivity. Results indicate that the usual unrealistic random node distribution does not reflect actual real-life scenario where many of these sensing nodes follow the built infrastructure around the city of smart buildings. The system is evaluated in terms of connectivity and packet loss ratio

On the Comparison of Line Spectral Frequencies and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients Using Feedforward Neural Network for Language Identification

Of the many audio features available, this paper focuses on the comparison of two most popular features, i.e. line spectral frequencies (LSF) and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients. We trained a feedforward neural network with various hidden layers and number of hidden nodes to identify five different languages, i.e. Arabic, Chinese, English, Korean, and Malay. LSF, MFCC, and combination of both features were extracted as the feature vectors. Systematic experiments have been conducted to find the optimum parameters, i.e. sampling frequency, frame size, model order, and structure of neural network. The recognition rate per frame was converted to recognition rate per audio file using majority voting. On average, the recognition rate for LSF, MFCC, and combination of both features are 96%, 92%, and 96%, respectively. Therefore, LSF is the most suitable features to be utilized for language identification using feedforward neural network classifier

Efficient Data Assumption and Optimization of Analog Response Communication Systems

This paper is focused on the examination of connection between the premier remote reason exactitude of transmission information and qualities for driving edge correspondence structures and straightforward data cesium (AFCS) identified with transmission of signs from fundamental sources. It's displayed that the mean sq. oversight of transmission picks information properties of AFCS. Varieties between the cutoff purposes of AFCS thought of as summed up correspondence channel and their forward channel square measure investigated. The new impacts appearing in incredible AFCS and in DCS working near Shannon's cutoff square measure thought of also. Amid this works advanced and essential correspondence frameworks were thought of with none inclinations and no confirmation that the use of simple cesium is frequently less able than modernized correspondence structures had been given start inside the no in this way far off past. The secured comes about unambiguously showed the capacity of simple data cesium to transmit the signs while not committal to composing with to a little degree rate up to the uttermost ranges of the forward control

Review of Modern Three-Dimensional Integration Technologies and Analysis of Prospects of Their Use for High Power Micro-Assemblies

The new miniaturization technologies of electronic devices find extensive application in the design for any industry, whether it is civil electronics or appliances designed to operate in harsh environments. This article presents an overview of prospective technologies of three-dimensional integration at substrates level for use in the field of power electronics. The review describes the basic principles of three-dimensional integration technologies, their applicability for manufacturing electronic devices, the main advantages and disadvantages

Gauss-Seidel Method based Voltage Security Analysis of Distribution System

Complexity of modern power network and Large disturbance results voltage collapse. So, voltage security analysis is important in power system. Indicators are helpful in voltage stability analysis, as they give information about the state of the system. In this paper a new indicator namely Distribution System Stability Indicator (DSSI) has been formulated using the information of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU).The proposed indicator (DSSI) is tested on standard IEEE 33 bus radial distribution system. The suggested indicator is also applicable to the equivalent two bus system of a multi-bus power system. The proposed indicator is calculated for different contingent conditions at different system load configurations. The result of DSSI is verified with the standard indicator (VSI) which proves applicability of the proposed indicator. The bus voltages of all the buses at base loading and at maximum loading are evaluated for base data and for tripping of most critical line

Pupil Detection Based on Color Difference and Circular Hough Transform

Human pupil eye detection is a significant stage in iris segmentation which is representing one of the most important steps in iris recognition. In this paper, we present a new method of highly accurate pupil detection. This method is consisting of many steps to detect the boundary of the pupil. First, the read eye image (R, G, B), then determine the work area which is consist of many steps to detect the boundary of the pupil. The determination of the work area contains many circles which are larger than pupil region. The work area is necessary to determine pupil region and neighborhood regions afterward the difference in color and intensity between pupil region and surrounding area is utilized, where the pupil region has color and intensity less than surrounding area. After the process of detecting pupil region many steps on the resulting image is applied in order to concentrate the pupil region and delete the others regions by using many methods such as dilation, erosion, canny filter, circle hough transforms to detect pupil region as well as apply optimization to choose the best circle that represents the pupil area. The proposed method is applied for images from palacky university, it achieves to 100 % accuracy

A New Hybrid Robust Fault Detection of Switching Systems by Combination of Observer and Bond Graph Method

In this paper, the problem of robust Fault Detection (FD) for continuous time switched system is tackled using a hybrid approach by combination of a switching observer and Bond Graph (BG) method. The main criteria of an FD system including the fault sensitivity and disturbance attenuation level in the presence of parametric uncertainties are considered in the proposed FD system. In the first stage, an optimal switching observer based on state space representation of the BG model is designed in which simultaneous fault sensitivity and disturbance attenuation level are satisfied using H=H1 index. In the second stage, the Global Analytical Redundancy Relations (GARRs) of the switching system are derived based on the output estimation error of the observer, which is called Error-based Global Analytical Redundancy Relations (EGARRs). The parametric uncertainties are included in the EGARRs, which define the adaptive thresholds on the residuals. A constant term due to the effect of disturbance is also considered in the thresholds. In fact, a two-stage FD system is proposed wherein some criteria may be considered in each stage. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown for a two-tank system

Tolerance for Emotional Internet Infidelity and Its Correlate with Relationship Flourishing

Until today, there is still controversy whether emotional Internet infidelity or cheating is something that can be tolerated. Existing views are diverse, influenced by geographical factors, cultural and ideological backgrounds, as well as biological theory. This present study initially suggested that the higher the relationship flourishing, the higher the tolerance for the infidelity. In an era where monogamous relationships are dynamized by the multiplication of relationship modes through online social networks, this study becomes increasingly urgent, i.e. to recommend a variable capable of providing a buffering effect to the deleterious effect of the infidelity. The study used correlational design. As much as 210 participants (55 males, 155 females, Mage = 37.89 years old, SDage = 10.870 years) were recruited in the Greater Area of Jakarta, Indonesia to fill out the Relationship Flourishing Scale and Internet Infidelity Tolerance-Emotional Infidelity Subscale. This study found that relationship flourishing and emotional Internet infidelity are negatively correlated (Spearman’s Rho = -0.172, p < 0.05) and there is a moderating role of sex (coeff. = 0.3481, p < 0.05). That is, those with higher relationship flourishing would have a higher intolerance, especially among men. Such intolerance could lead to marital dissatisfaction and, at worst, divorce. The results of this study have implications for (1) an evaluation of psychometric dimensions of the Relationship Flourishing Scale, (2) the need of proposing moderating variables to be integrated into the correlational model between relationship flourishing and the infidelity, as well as (3) online applications development in detecting and managing the Internet infidelity

Towards Benchmarking User Stories Estimation with COSMIC Function Points–A Case Example of Participant Observation

Shorter time-to-market and unstable requirements is leading to introduction of Agile and DevOps practices. Story point estimation is becoming handier in Agile / DevOps setting. However, developing user stories and defining sizing unit in terms of story point is subjective process. It lacks benchmarking / standardization in terms of sizing measure and productivity of historical data. COSMIC has been considered as FSM (Functional Size Method). It has flexibility to receive requirements as User stories (popular Agile / Devops method) and derive COSMIC functional units using parametric approach. COSMIC method reduces the subjectivity and populates the productivity parameter for benchmarking. It standardizes the estimation process and can be easily deployed in Agile or DevOps setting. This paper presents the related work on linkages between User stories, COSMIC methods and traditional function point methods. It also presents the outcome of the industry survey conducted on 49 practitioners working in 10 different domains with respective to parametric estimation process adoption and presents 9 real-time case studies developed to demonstrate the usage of COSMIC method in various domains. This paper also attempts to derive mapping process of COSMIC functional process with User Stories with the help of 2 real-time industry case studies