Five misconceptions about categorizing exposure variables measured with error in epidemiological research.

International audienceIn the analysis of epidemiological studies, categorizing continuous exposures, using either data-driven quantiles or predefined thresholds, is a common practice. Although an abundant literature describes pitfalls of categorization, substantial concerns which have not been adequately addressed arise when the original continuous exposure is measured with error. Measurement error in a continuous exposure leads to misclassification following categorization. This paper aims to dispel five misconceptions regarding the impact of measurement error in a continuous exposure that is categorized. First, that categorization could help infer the functional form of an exposure-outcome association. Second, that misclassification resulting from categorizing a continuous exposure with nondifferential measurement error will also be nondifferential (i.e., independent from the outcome). Third, that categorization will necessarily mitigate the impact of measurement error compared to the continuous case. Fourth, that comparing extreme quantiles instead of comparing adjacent quantiles may reduce bias. Finally, that an estimated association is necessarily attenuated (towards the null), which we argue only holds in regressions with one mismeasured exposure (and may even be reversed in the presence of error-prone confounders). Consequently, epidemiologists who categorize continuous error-prone exposures should be aware of those misconceptions and appropriately discuss the expected impact of categorization on the estimated exposure-outcome associations

Multilingual Segmentation Dataset (medieval states of vernacular languages)

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Investigation of red blood cell properties on impedance signatures generated in a Coulter counter

International audienceThe ability of red blood cells (RBCs) to deform is essential for microcirculation and oxygen delivery. Any changes in RBC deformability can lead to significant cardiovascular complications, necessitating timely detection. Although specialized microdevices can be designed to assess RBC deformability, leveraging instruments already used in clinical settings would enable easier integration and accelerate clinical translation. Coulter counter (CC) systems are routinely used to count, size, and analyze RBCs and the possibility to extend their diagnostic capabilities to RBC deformability is currently examined. In this study, the effects of RBCs geometrical, morphological and rheological properties on CC measurement have been investigated numerically, thanks to a simulation framework predicting the RBC dynamics in a CC and the associated impedance signature. Subsequently, a numerical parametric study has been performed and the resulting pulses have been compared with experimental results, confirming the simulation's accuracy in predicting CC measurements. In addition to the RBC volume and the RBC trajectory in the sensing region, which had been investigated before, present results show that in our modeling framework, RBC sphericity, membrane viscosity, and cytoplasm viscosity are the main RBC characteristics contributing to the broad CC measurement spectrum observed experimentally when analyzing healthy blood samples

Beta-Glucan Nanogels Mediate Intracellular Delivery of Elastin-Like Polypeptides for Efficient Macrophage Polarization

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Sécurité à long terme des bandelettes sous-urétrales dans l'incontinence urinaire d'effort chez la femme : essai émulé utilisant le système national de données de santé français.

International audienceIntroduction :La bandelette sous-urétrale (BSU) est le traitement le plus indiqué dans l’incontinence urinaire d’effort (IUE) chez la femme. Cependant, les complications à long terme graves ont été peu étudiées dans les études post-commercialisation. Notre objectif principal était de comparer la bandelette vaginale sans tension (TVT) et la bandelette trans-obturatrice (TOT) en termes d’incidence de réopération (retrait ou section de la BSU).Méthodes :Nous avons défini un essai cible puis l’avons émulé en utilisant les données nationales de santé (SNDS) des femmes ayant reçu une première implantation entre 2011 et 2018. Le critère d’évaluation principal était l’incidence cumulée de réopération (retrait ou section). Les critères d'évaluation secondaires étaient les incidences cumulées de réopération pour retrait de la BSU, pour sa section, d’hospitalisation pour rétention urinaire, érosion, et infection de la BSU, ainsi que la réintervention pour IUE. Nous avons utilisé des modèles de Cox pondérés par un score de propension.Résultats :215 141 femmes ont eu une implantation de BSU : 170 781 (79,4 %) TOT et 44 360 (20,6 %) TVT. À 5 ans, l'incidence cumulée pondérée de réopération était plus élevée dans le groupe TVT que dans le groupe TOT (4,13 % [3,94–4,33] versus 3,25 % [3,16–3,34]). Nous avons observé un effet du type de BSU dépendant du temps (HR 1,65 [1,52–1,78] de [0 à 3 mois[ après implantation de la BSU, HR 1,19 [1,06–1,32] de [3 à 12 mois[, HR 0,98 [0,88–1,1] de [1 à 5 ans[ et HR 1,44 [1,13–1,85] ≥ 5 ans. Le retrait et la section des BSU, l'hospitalisation pour rétention urinaire, érosion et infection de la BSU étaient significativement plus fréquents chez les femmes avec TVT qu’avec TOT, mais une réintervention pour récidive d'IUE était moins fréquente.Discussion/Conclusion :Cet essai émulé montre un risque de réopération de BSU plus élevé avec TVT qu'avec TOT, avec un effet dépendant du temps. Ce travail souligne l’intérêt du SNDS pour l’étude de la sécurité en vie réelle de dispositifs médicaux

Benefits of a brief, remote psychoeducation intervention in treating eating disorders: a preliminary study in a predominantly AN/BN sample

International audienceEvidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention, such as case studies. Dramatic results in uncontrolled trials might also be regarded as this type of evidence

Hard exclusive photoproduction of photon-meson pairs: pseudoscalar channels π, η and η'

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First Study of the Nuclear Response to Fast Hadrons via Angular Correlations between Pions and Slow Protons in Electron-Nucleus Scattering

International audienceWe report on the first measurement of angular correlations between high-energy pions and slow protons in electron-nucleus ($eA$) scattering, providing a new probe of how a nucleus responds to a fast-moving quark. The experiment employed the CLAS detector with a 5-GeV electron beam incident on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. For heavier nuclei, the pion-proton correlation function is more spread-out in azimuth than for lighter ones, and this effect is more pronounced in the $πp$ channel than in earlier $ππ$ studies. The proton-to-pion yield ratio likewise rises with nuclear mass, although the increase appears to saturate for the heaviest targets. These trends are qualitatively reproduced by state-of-the-art $eA$ event generators, including BeAGLE, eHIJING, and GiBUU, indicating that current descriptions of target fragmentation rest on sound theoretical footing. At the same time, the precision of our data exposes model-dependent discrepancies, delineating a clear path for future improvements in the treatment of cold-nuclear matter effects in $eA$ scattering

Disordered harmonic chains with random masses and springs: A combinatorial approach

International audienceWe study harmonic chains with i.i.d. random spring constants and i.i.d. random masses . We introduce a new combinatorial approach which allows to derive a compact approximate expression for the complex Lyapunov exponent, in terms of the solutions of two transcendental equations involving the distributions of the spring constants and the masses. Our result makes easy the asymptotic analysis of the low frequency properties of the eigenmodes (spectral density and localization) for arbitrary disorder distribution, as well as their high frequency properties. We apply the method to the case of power-law distributions with and with (with ). At low frequency, the spectral density presents the power law , where the exponent exhibits first order phase transitions on the line and on the line . The exponent of the non disordered chain () is recovered when and are both finite, i.e. and . The Lyapunov exponent (inverse localization length) shows also a power-law behaviour , where the exponent exhibits several phase transitions~: the exponent is for or ( or infinite) and when and ( and both finite). In the intermediate region it is given by . On the transition lines, and receive logarithmic corrections. Finally, we also consider the Anderson model with random couplings (random spring chain for ``Dyson type I'' disorder)

Plan de gestion des données Project FISCIENCY 0. INFORMATIONS GENERALES

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