A unified high-resolution wind and solar dataset from a rapidly updating numerical weather prediction model

AbstractA new gridded dataset for wind and solar resource estimation over the contiguous United States has been derived from hourly updated 1-h forecasts from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) 3-km model composited over a three-year period (approximately 22 000 forecast model runs). The unique dataset features hourly data assimilation, and provides physically consistent wind and solar estimates for the renewable energy industry. The wind resource dataset shows strong similarity to that previously provided by a Department of Energy-funded study, and it includes estimates in southern Canada and northern Mexico. The solar resource dataset represents an initial step towards application-specific fields such as global horizontal and direct normal irradiance. This combined dataset will continue to be augmented with new forecast data from the advanced HRRR atmospheric/land-surface model

Clinical inertia to insulin initiation and intensification in the UK: A focused literature review

AbstractAchieving tight glycaemic control early following the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is key to optimising clinical outcomes, yet many patients and clinicians are reluctant to initiate and intensify insulin therapy. Reasons for this arise primarily from a lack of time, clinical expertise and patient understanding. However, meaningful progress can be achieved with self-management educational programmes soon after diagnosis. Clinician education and training, along with easy-to-use and well-tolerated therapies (for example, those carrying a low risk of hypoglycaemia and/or avoiding weight gain), may also increase the likelihood of patient adherence

Cu-Ni-PGE mineralisation at the Aurora Project and potential for a new PGE province in the Northern Bushveld Main Zone

AbstractThe Aurora Project is a Cu-Ni-PGE magmatic sulphide deposit in the northern limb of the Bushveld Complex of South Africa. Since 1992 mining in the northern limb has focussed on the Platreef deposit, located along the margin of the complex. Aurora has previously been suggested to represent a far-northern facies of the Platreef located along the basal margin of the complex and this study provides new data with which to test this assertion. In contrast to the Platreef, the base metal sulphide mineralisation at Aurora is both Cu-rich (Ni/Cu <1) and Au-rich. The sulphides are hosted predominantly in leucocratic rocks (gabbronorites and leucogabbronorites) with low Cr/MgO (<30) where pigeonite and orthopyroxene co-exist as low-Ca pyroxenes without cumulus magnetite. This mineral association is found in the Upper Main Zone and the Aurora mineral chemistry is consistent with this stratigraphic interval. Pigeonite gabbronorites above the Aurora mineralisation have high Cu/Pd ratios (>50,000) reflecting the preferential removal of Pd over Cu in the sulphides below. Similarly high Cu/Pd ratios characterise the Upper Main Zone in the northern limb above the pigeonite+orthopyroxene interval and suggest that Aurora-style sulphide mineralisation may be developed here as well. The same mineralogy and geochemical features also appear to be present in the T Zone of the Waterberg PGE deposit, located under younger cover rocks to the north of Aurora. If these links are proved they indicate the potential for a previously unsuspected zone of Cu-Ni-PGE mineralisation extending for over 40km along strike through the Upper Main Zone of the northern Bushveld

Rab11 and phosphoinositides: A synergy of signal transducers in the control of vesicular trafficking

AbstractRab11 and phosphoinositides are signal transducers able to direct the delivery of membrane components to the cell surface. Rab11 is a small GTPase that, by cycling from an active to an inactive state, controls key events of vesicular transport, while phosphoinositides are major determinants of membrane identity, modulating compartmentalized small GTPase function. By sharing common effectors, these two signal transducers synergistically direct vesicular traffic to specific intracellular membranes. This review focuses on the latest advances regarding the mechanisms that ensure the compartmentalized regulation of Rab11 function through its interaction with phosphoinositides

Adsorption of albumin by gold nanoparticles: Equilibrium and thermodynamics studies

AbstractIn this research, bovine serum albumin (BSA) experiment was carried out and then the produced BSA was used to investigate the adsorption behavior of BSA from aqueous solutions through UV–Vis spectroscopy. The changes of parameters such as contact time, pH, BSA initial concentration and temperature were tested and investigated by several adsorption experiments. The equilibrium adsorption data were described as well and fitted better by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm than the four linear Langmuir models at all studied temperatures and pHs. Moreover, surface structural change was studied for the presence of BSA and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) before and after the experiment by FT-IR spectroscopy. The maximum adsorption capacity of BSA adsorbed by GNPs was 109.54mg/g and equilibrium constant was 0.0051 calculated by the Langmuir (four type) model at 298K and pH=8.6. The thermodynamic parameters implied that the adsorption processes were spontaneous and exothermic. The kinetic data indicate that the adsorption fits as well as with the pseudo first-order kinetic model

Pomeron pole plus grey disk model: Real parts, inelastic cross sections and LHC data

AbstractI propose a two component analytic formula F(s,t)=F(1)(s,t)+F(2)(s,t) for (ab→ab)+(ab¯→ab¯) scattering at energies ≥100 GeV, where s,t denote squares of c.m. energy and momentum transfer. It saturates the Froissart–Martin bound and obeys Auberson–Kinoshita–Martin (AKM) [1,2] scaling. I choose ImF(1)(s,0)+ImF(2)(s,0) as given by Particle Data Group (PDG) fits [3,4] to total cross sections, corresponding to simple and triple poles in angular momentum plane. The PDG formula is extended to non-zero momentum transfers using partial waves of ImF(1) and ImF(2) motivated by Pomeron pole and ‘grey disk’ amplitudes and constrained by inelastic unitarity. ReF(s,t) is deduced from real analyticity: I prove that ReF(s,t)/ImF(s,0)→(π/ln⁡s)d/dτ(τImF(s,t)/ImF(s,0)) for s→∞ with τ=t(lns)2 fixed, and apply it to F(2). Using also the forward slope fit by Schegelsky–Ryskin [5], the model gives real parts, differential cross sections for (−t)<.3 GeV2, and inelastic cross sections in good agreement with data at 546 GeV, 1.8 TeV, 7 TeV and 8 TeV. It predicts for inelastic cross sections for pp or p¯p, σinel=72.7±1.0 mb at 7 TeV and 74.2±1.0 mb at 8 TeV in agreement with pp Totem [7–10] experimental values 73.1±1.3 mb and 74.7±1.7 mb respectively, and with Atlas [12–15] values 71.3±0.9 mb and 71.7±0.7 mb respectively. The predictions σinel=48.1±0.7 mb at 546 GeV and 58.5±0.8 mb at 1800 GeV also agree with p¯p experimental results of Abe et al. [47] 48.4±.98 mb at 546 GeV and 60.3±2.4 mb at 1800 GeV. The model yields for s>0.5 TeV, with PDG2013 [4] total cross sections, and Schegelsky–Ryskin slopes [5] as input, σinel(s)=22.6+.034lns+.158(lns)2 mb, and σinel/σtot→0.56, s→∞, where s is in GeV2 units. Continuation to positive t indicates an ‘effective’ t-channel singularity at ∼(1.5 GeV)2, and suggests that usual Froissart–Martin bounds are quantitatively weak as they only assume absence of singularities upto 4mπ2

Development and validation of Ketorolac Tromethamine in eye drop formulation by RP-HPLC method

AbstractA simple, precise and accurate method was developed and validated for analysis of Ketorolac Tromethamine in eye drop formulation. An isocratic HPLC analysis was performed on Kromosil C18 column (150cm×4.6mm×5μm). The compound was separated with the mixture of methanol and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate buffer in the ratio of 55:45V/V, pH 3.0 was adjusted with O-phosphoric acid as the mobile phase at flow of 1.5mLmin−1. UV detection was performed at 314nm using photo diode array detection. The retention time was found to be 6.01min. The system suitability parameters such as theoretical plate count, tailing and percentage RSD between six standard injections were within the limit. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Calibrations were linear over the concentration range of 50–150μgmL−1 as indicated by correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999. The robustness of the method was evaluated by deliberately altering the chromatographic conditions. The developed method can be applicable for routine quantitative analysis

Synthesis of some 2, 6-bis (1-coumarin-2-yl)-4-(4-substituted phenyl) pyridine derivatives as potent biological agents

AbstractA convenient one-pot, three-component synthesis of 2, 6-bis (1-coumarin-2-yl)-4-(4-substituted phenyl) pyridine derivatives (3a–k) by Chichibabin reaction has been reported. These compounds were synthesized by the reaction of 3-acetyl coumarin (1a) or 5-bromo 3-acetyl coumarin (1b) with substituted aromatic aldehydes (2a–k) and ammonium acetate under acidic conditions and the structure was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectroscopic methods. The newly synthesized compounds (3a–k) were evaluated for antimicrobial activity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and ferrous ion-chelating ability. The mode of action of these active compounds was carried out by docking receptor GlcN6P synthase. Compounds 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d have displayed potential antimicrobial activity and some of the compounds have shown promising antioxidant properties

Synthesis and spectral studies on monometallic ruthenium (III) complexes of N-(2-hydroxysalicyliden-1-yl)methylenebenzoylhydrazide

AbstractA novel Schiff base ligand (H2L) derived from the condensation of benzoyl hydrazine and salicylaldehyde and its metal complexes with Ru (III) ion has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, thermal analysis (TGA), conductance measurements, magnetic moments IR, UV–vis spectra. The complexes were given the formulae [Ru(L-H)Cl2(H2O)] (1), [Ru(L-H)Cl2(py)] (2), [Ru(L-H)Cl2(2-pic)] (3), [Ru(L-H)Cl2(3-pic)] (4), [Ru(L-H)Cl2(4-pic)] (5). Molar conductance in DMF (N,N-dimethyl formamide) solution indicates that the complexes are non-electrolytes. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that all the complexes are mononuclear and one-electron paramagnetic. Electronic spectral studies suggest six coordinate metal ions in its complexes. IR spectra reveal that H2L ligand coordinates in keto-form to ruthenium metal ion in its complexes. ESR studies of the complexes are also reported

Effect of novel dietary supplement on metabolism in vitro and in vivo

AbstractObesity is an increasingly prevalent and preventable morbidity with multiple behavioral, surgical and pharmacological interventions currently available. Commercial dietary supplements are often advertised to stimulate metabolism and cause rapid weight and/or fat loss, although few well-controlled studies have demonstrated such effects. We describe a commercially available dietary supplement (purportedly containing caffeine, catechins, and other metabolic stimulators) on resting metabolic rate in humans, and on metabolism, mitochondrial content, and related gene expression in vitro. Human males ingested either a placebo or commercially available supplement (RF) in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over fashion. Metabolic rate, respiratory exchange ratio, and blood pressure were measured hourly for 3 h post-ingestion. To investigate molecular effects, human rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD) and mouse myocytes (C2C12) were treated with various doses of RF for various durations. RF enhanced energy expenditure and systolic blood pressure in human males without altering substrate utilization. In myocytes, RF enhanced metabolism, metabolic gene expression, and mitochondrial content suggesting RF may target common energetic pathways which control mitochondrial biogenesis. RF appears to increase metabolism immediately following ingestion, although it is unclear if RF provides benefits beyond those provided by caffeine alone. Additional research is needed to examine safety and efficacy for human weight loss