On Epistemology to Understand Thomas Aquinas’ Immutable God

Modern people understand immutable God on subjective view such that they would wonder whether God cannot understand human feelings. Since Jürgen Moltmann proposes suffering God, this paper conducts dialogue between Moltmann’s view and Aquinas’ view. The arguments involve God and human being relationship and their mutual understanding. Epistemology is the key point for discussion.   Key words:  Thomas Aquinas, Summa, immutable God, suffering God

From the Dictionarium Latino Lusitanicum, ac Iaponicum (1595) to the Lexicon Latino-Iaponicum (1870):: An overview of the revisions in Bernard Petitjeans’ Lexicon

The Lexicon Latino-Iaponicum is a Latin-Japanese dictionary edited by Bernard Thadée Petitjean M.E.P. and printed by the Propaganda Fide in Rome. Petitjean, who was a Vicar Apostolic of Japan at that time, found in Manila one a copy of the Dictionarium Latino Lusitanicum, ac Iaponicum in Manila. which This dictionary was printed by the Jesuits in Japan in 1595 in Japan and was based on Ambrogio Calepino’s Latin dictionary. Petitjean revised this dictionary to be used for missionary work in Japan. No in-depth research exploring these revisions has been conducted. Thus, this study is aimed to provide an overview of the revisions applied to the Lexicon, with particular emphasis on the Japanese translations. This paper reveals that Petitjean not only translated the Portuguese parts of the original text into Latin or omitted them, but also made significant changes to the Japanese translations, such as rearranging the order of the entries and using new Christian terms that had not been used in early Christian documents. While it is well known that Petitjean continued to use early Christian terms of Latin or Portuguese origin, he had also begun to use new terms along with the old ones in the dictionary for priests, as well as in the three editions of catechism Seikyō shogaku yōri (1868, 1869 and 1872) for Japanese laymen. The research findings have implications with regards to the role of language in missionary works.   Keywords: Lexicon Latino-Iaponicum; Dictionarium Latino Lusitanicum, ac Iaponicum; Bernard Thadée Petitjean; Latin lexicography; Christian terminology; Japa

An Analysis of Marion’s Phenomenological Variations from Eros to Agape

In the Erotic Phenomenon, Marion shows his thinking about the intersubjectivity through Erotic Reduction, and the relationship between self and others is rooted in the "relationship of love". But in fact, Marion's definition of "Eros" is twofold: on the one hand, "Eros" contains the narrow sense of "Eros" between subjects, and on the other hand, it also implies the universal love as "Agape". Although Marion does not concentrate on the latter in this book, the limits of Eros's reduction come from the divine love that Marion regards as the "absolute Eros." If the reduction of Eros is regarded by Marion as the fundamental phenomenological reduction, then divine love is the theoretical pole for the realization of its "unity of all loves." Key Terms: Jean-Luc, Marion,  Eros,  Agape, Phenomenology

An Early Modern Cosmopolitan Priest: Fr. Diego Collado (ca. 1587-1641), OP, and the failed attempt to promote Propaganda Fide in the Far East

One generalization that describes the Society of Jesus is its globalizing nature, setting other religious orders aside. From a new approach of church history that emphasizes ecclesiastical contentiousness, I place the Dominican Fr. Diego Collado (ca. 1587–1641†) into a global context of circulation of papal agents, goods, and knowledge between early modern Europe, Japan, and the Philippines. Using archival materials, official reports, religious manifestos, and royal appointments and decrees, I focus upon this approach as an influential agent of Pontifical Congregation of Propaganda Fide [Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith] to demonstrate not only the inner division of the Order of Preachers, but also conflicting church-state relations in the Far East.   Keywords: Diego Collado, Dominicans, Philippines, Japan, Propaganda Fide.   add “approach as” to make the sentence cleare