Aligning Figurative Paintings With Their Sources for Semantic Interpretation.

This paper reports steps in probing the artistic methods of figurative painters through computational algorithms. We explore a comparative method that investigates the relation between the source of a painting, typically a photograph or an earlier painting, and the painting itself. A first crucial step in this process is to find the source and to crop, standardize and align it to the painting so that a comparison becomes possible. The next step is to apply different low-level algorithms to construct difference maps for color, edges, texture, brightness, etc. From this basis, various subsequent operations become possible to detect and compare features of the image, such as facial action units and the emotions they signify. This paper demonstrates a pipeline we have built and tested using paintings by a renowned contemporary painter Luc Tuymans. We focus in this paper particularly on the alignment process, on edge difference maps, and on the utility of the comparative method for bringing out the semantic significance of a painting

AI Hallucinations? What About Human Hallucination?! Addressing Human Imperfection Is Needed for an Ethical AI.

This study discusses how the human imperfection nature, also known as the human hallucination, could contribute to or emphasize technology (generally) and Artificial Intelligence (AI, particularly) hallucination. While the ongoing debate puts more efforts on improving AI for its ethical use, a shift should be made to also cover us, humans, who are the technology designer, developer, and user. Identifying and understanding the link between human and AI hallucination will ultimately help to develop effective and safe AI-powered systems that could have some positive societal impact in the long run

Editor’s Note.

The International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence (IJIMAI) is a diamond open access journal which provides an interdisciplinary forum in which scientists and professionals can share their research results and report new advances on artificial intelligence tools, theory, methodologies, systems, architectures integrating multiple technologies, problems including demonstrations of effectiveness, or tools that use AI with interactive multimedia techniques. The journal is supported by Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR) and by all those members of this multicultural community who, with a sense of commitment to the development of science, dedicate their knowledge and time to authoring, editing and reviewing tasks, and without whom this knowledge sharing project would not be possible. This regular issue begins with a series of five articles covering key advancements in the area of computing vision. In the following article, we move from the area of computer vision to another fast developing area, which is natural language processing (NLP). The following articles correspond to a monograph section on the Effects of Culture on Open Science and Artificial Intelligence in Education, compiled and edited by Tlili, Burgos and Kinshuk

Aportaciones de la musicoterapia en el tratamiento de la depresión: revisión bibliográfica

Background: Music therapy has been the subject of research as a therapeutic intervention in the treatment of depressive disorder. Its application has shown that it can reduce symptoms, and it is essential to systematically evaluate the available evidence on its effectiveness. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the benefits of music therapy in the treatment of depressive disorder. Method: A search for information was carried out in various scientific databases and repositories such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Dialnet and ScienceDirect. Selecting 13 studies under inclusion criteria, the information was systematized and analyzed with Microsoft Excel, using tables, figures and comparative graphs. Results: The analysis of the studies indicated that music therapy is effective in reducing depressive symptomatology and improves emotional well-being. In addition, Microsoft Excel facilitated the processing and comparison of the data analyzed. Conclusions: The usefulness of Microsoft Excel for the analysis and evaluation of the information is highlighted. Likewise, the systematic review supports the use of music therapy as an effective complementary treatment for depression; however, due to its limitations, it is recommended to continue with research to strengthen the evidence on its effectiveness in different clinical and population contexts.Antecedentes: La musicoterapia ha sido tema de investigación como intervención terapéutica en el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo. Su aplicación ha demostrado que puede reducir los síntomas y es fundamental evaluar sistemáticamente la evidencia disponible sobre su efectividad. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para evaluar los beneficios de la musicoterapia en el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo. Método: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de información en diversas bases de datos científicas y repositorios, como Google Académico, PubMed, Dialnet y ScienceDirect, seleccionando 13 estudios bajo criterios de inclusión; la información fue sistematizada y analizada con Microsoft Excel, utilizando tablas, figuras y gráficos comparativos. Resultados: El análisis de los estudios indicó que la musicoterapia es efectiva para reducir la sintomatología de la depresión y mejora el bienestar emocional. Asimismo, Microsoft Excel facilitó el procesamiento y comparación de los datos analizados. Conclusiones: Se destaca la utilidad Microsoft Excel para el análisis y valoración de la información. Asimismo, la revisión sistemática respalda el uso de la musicoterapia como un tratamiento complementario eficaz contra la depresión; sin embargo, debido a las limitaciones, se recomienda continuar con investigaciones que fortalezcan la evidencia sobre su efectividad en diversos contextos clínicos y poblacionales

Source Credibility Assessment in the Realm of Information Disorder: A Literature Review

The proliferation of information disorder in the digital age has sparked a growing concern regarding the credibility of sources disseminating information. This review examines the evolving landscape of source credibility within information disorder. The review synthesizes key findings and trends related to the factors influencing source credibility, including available tools, shared indicators, and existing methods experimented with in calculating source credibility. The analysis highlights that from a more commercial point of view, several tools are aimed at analyzing the content’s credibility and studying the sources’ credibility. However, from a methodological point of view, there is still something more to do. Indicators that can be used to carry out a source credibility assessment focus on the structure and design of the source, excluding others indicating how the page traffic could be. As for the techniques to be used to assess the credibility of a source, it emerged that more innovative techniques, such as deep-learning, are being developed alongside slightly more classical statistical methods. The review analyzes 23 papers from Conferences and 22 from Journals published in recent years. It also identifies avenues for future inquiry and the development of effective strategies to combat the challenges posed by misinformation in the digital era

Modelo didáctico con software interactivo Genially y Kahoot para la comprensión lectora crítica para estudiantes de educación primaria

In the current context of primary education, where the digital divide represents a significant challenge, a didactic model based on the use of interactive software —specifically Genially and Kahoot—, was proposed to enhance critical reading comprehension. The main objective was to design a proposal that, through digital tools, would promote the development of reading skills at the literal, inferential, and critical levels. To this end, a prospective descriptive research was carried out, with a non-experimental approach, which included the development and validation of instruments to measure the usability of the software and the reading comprehension of the students. The execution of the model was structured in three phases: design and analysis of content, development of interactive materials and organization and application of activities through digital platforms. The results indicated that the selected resources encouraged active participation and critical thinking, integrating didactic strategies such as pre-reading activities, guided readings and gamified assessments. The validation by experts reflected a high valuation of the proposed model, highlighting its flexibility and adaptability to various educational contexts. The discussion underscored the importance of pedagogical mediation and teacher training to maximize the impact of the use of Genially and Kahoot, also pointing out the limitations associated with technological dependence and the need to guarantee equity in access. It is concluded that the didactic model designed represents an innovative alternative for improving critical reading comprehension in primary school students, as long as it is accompanied by balanced pedagogical strategies and adequate training, with special attention to overcoming the technological and contextual barriers that may arise.En el contexto actual de la educación primaria, donde la brecha digital representa un desafío significativo, se propuso un modelo didáctico basado en el uso de software interactivo, específicamente Genially y Kahoot, para potenciar la comprensión lectora crítica. El objetivo principal fue diseñar una propuesta que, a través de herramientas digitales, promoviera el desarrollo de habilidades lectoras en sus niveles literal, inferencial y crítico. Para ello, se realizó una investigación descriptiva prospectiva, con un enfoque no experimental, que incluyó la elaboración y validación de instrumentos para medir la usabilidad del software y la comprensión lectora de los estudiantes. La ejecución del modelo se estructuró en tres fases: diseño y análisis de contenidos, elaboración de materiales interactivos y organización y aplicación de actividades mediante las plataformas digitales. Los resultados indicaron que los recursos seleccionados fomentaron la participación activa y el pensamiento crítico, integrando estrategias didácticas como actividades de prelectura, lecturas guiadas y evaluaciones gamificadas. La validación de expertos reflejó una alta valoración del modelo propuesto, destacando su flexibilidad y adaptabilidad para diversos contextos educativos. La discusión subrayó la importancia de la mediación pedagógica y la capacitación docente para maximizar el impacto del uso de Genially y Kahoot, señalando además las limitaciones asociadas a la dependencia tecnológica y la necesidad de garantizar la equidad en el acceso. Se concluye que el modelo didáctico diseñado representa una alternativa innovadora para mejorar la comprensión lectora crítica en estudiantes de educación primaria, siempre que se acompañe de estrategias pedagógicas equilibradas y capacitación adecuada, con especial atención a superar las barreras tecnológicas y contextuales que puedan presentarse

Mitigando la dualidad de la discapacidad. Herramientas histórico-culturales críticas para desestabilizar paradojas de equidad

I build the core argument of this article on the premise that disability has a dual nature: it affords protections to people with disabilities while it can also be used as an artifact of marginalization; thus, creating justice paradoxes. For instance, disability’s potential to oppress tends to target already marginalized groups, such as racialized people and students from nondominant linguistic, socioeconomic or ethnic backgrounds. Thus, a concept available to safeguard vulnerable groups (i.e., disability) can be deployed to segregate or deny educational opportunities. The purpose of this article is to offer theoretical tools to dissect disability’s potential for harm and inspire alternatives to address equity paradoxes that may emerge from this phenomenon. I focus on racial disparities in disability identification as a case in point to contextualize the presentation of theoretical tools. First, I contextualize my analysis with an overview of racial disparities in disability identification. Next, I outline three theoretical tools to advance a critical cultural-historical framework: (1) trace the fluidity of disability, (2) expose the color of knowledge and its implications, and (3) make visible the role of ideologies through a DefectCraft lens. I close with reflections for the next generation of scholarship.Desarrollo el argumento central de este artículo sobre la premisa de que la discapacidad tiene una naturaleza dual: ofrece protección a las personas con discapacidades, pero también puede utilizarse como un artefacto de marginación y, por tanto, crear paradojas de justicia. Por ejemplo, el potencial de la discapacidad para oprimir tiende a dirigirse a grupos ya marginados, como las personas racializadas y los alumnos de entornos lingüísticos, socioeconómicos o étnicos no dominantes. De este modo, un concepto disponible para proteger a grupos vulnerables (por ejemplo, la discapacidad) puede aplicarse para segregar o negar oportunidades educativas. El propósito de este artículo es ofrecer herramientas teóricas para diseccionar el potencial dañino de la discapacidad e inspirar alternativas para abordar las paradojas de equidad que pueden emerger de este fenómeno. Me centro en las disparidades raciales en la identificación de discapacidades como un ejemplo concreto para contextualizar la presentación de las herramientas teóricas. En primer lugar, contextualizo mi análisis con una descripción general de las disparidades raciales en la identificación de discapacidades. A continuación, defino tres herramientas teóricas para desarrollar un enfoque histórico-cultural crítico: (1) explorar la fluidez de la discapacidad, (2) exponer el color del conocimiento y sus implicaciones y (3) visibilizar el papel de las ideologías mediante una lente de DefectCraft. Termino con varias reflexiones para la próxima generación de investigaciones

Directrices de presentación de informes para intervenciones basadas en la música: un estudio de actualización y validación

Background: Detailed intervention reporting is essential to interpretation, replication, and translation of music-based interventions (MBIs). The 2011 Reporting Guidelines for Music-Based Interventions were developed to improve transparency and reporting quality of published research; however, problems with reporting quality persist. This represents a significant barrier to advances in MBI scientific research and translation of findings to practice. Objective: To update and validate the 2011 reporting guidelines using a rigorous Delphi approach that involved an interdisciplinary group of MBI researchers; and to develop an explanation and elaboration guidance statement to support dissemination and usage. Methods: We followed the methodological framework for developing reporting guidelines recommended by the EQUATOR Network and guidance recommendations for developing health research reporting guidelines. Our three-stage process included: (1) an initial field scan, (2) a consensus process using Delphi surveys (two rounds) and Expert Panel meetings, and (3) development and dissemination of an explanation and elaboration document. Results: First-Round survey findings revealed that the original checklist items were capturing content that investigators deemed essential to MBI reporting; however, it also revealed problems with item wording and terminology. Subsequent Expert Panel meetings and the Second-Round survey centered on reaching consensus for item language. The revised RG-MBI checklist has a total of 12-items that pertain to eight different components of MBI interventions including name, theory/scientific rationale, content, interventionist, individual/group, setting, delivery schedule, and treatment fidelity. Conclusion: We recommend that authors, journal editors, and reviewers use the RG-MBI guidelines, in conjunction with methods-based guidelines (e.g., CONSORT) to accelerate and improve the scientific rigor of MBI research.Antecedentes: La elaboración de informes detallados de las intervenciones es esencial para la interpretación, replicación y traducción de las intervenciones musicales (MBI). Las Directrices de Informes para Intervenciones Musicales de 2011 se desarrollaron para mejorar la transparencia y la calidad de los informes de las investigaciones publicadas; sin embargo, persisten problemas con la calidad de los informes. Esto representa un obstáculo importante para los avances en la investigación científica de las MBI y la aplicación práctica de los hallazgos. Objetivo: Actualizar y validar las directrices de presentación de informes de 2011 utilizando un riguroso enfoque Delphi que involucró a un grupo interdisciplinario de investigadores del MBI; y desarrollar una declaración de guía de explicación y elaboración para apoyar la difusión y el uso. Métodos: Seguimos el marco metodológico para el desarrollo de las directrices de reporte recomendadas por la Red EQUATOR y las recomendaciones para el desarrollo de directrices de reporte de investigación en salud. Nuestro proceso de tres etapas incluyó: (1) un análisis de campo inicial, (2) un proceso de consenso mediante encuestas Delphi (dos rondas) y reuniones de un panel de expertos, y (3) la elaboración y difusión de un documento explicativo y de desarrollo. Resultados: Los hallazgos de la primera ronda de la encuesta revelaron que los ítems originales de la lista de verificación capturaban contenido que los investigadores consideraban esencial para los informes de MBI; sin embargo, también se detectaron problemas con la redacción y la terminología de los ítems. Las reuniones posteriores del Panel de Expertos y la segunda ronda de la encuesta se centraron en alcanzar un consenso sobre la redacción de los ítems. La lista de verificación revisada de RG-MBI consta de 12 ítems que corresponden a ocho componentes diferentes de las intervenciones de MBI, incluyendo nombre, fundamento teórico/científico, contenido, intervencionista, individuo/grupo, entorno, cronograma de administración y fidelidad al tratamiento. Conclusión: Recomendamos que los autores, editores de revistas y revisores utilicen las pautas RG-MBI, junto con las pautas basadas en métodos (por ejemplo, CONSORT) para acelerar y mejorar el rigor científico de la investigación de MBI

Platón y Aristóteles como pilares epistemológicos de la musicoterapia basada en la evidencia

Music therapy has evolved into an evidence-based paradigm, yet its scientific methods are rooted in philosophical traditions tracing back to Pythagoras, Plato, and Aristotle. Pythagoras explored musical harmony through mathematical ratios, linking sensory experience to cosmic order. This empirical vision laid the groundwork for scientific approaches that integrate observation and abstraction. Plato posited that true knowledge (episteme) resides in immutable Ideas, transcending sensory perception. This perspective resonates in music therapy’s qualitative and phenomenological research, which seeks to uncover profound meanings through methods such as interviews and musical microanalysis. Here, the therapist, inspired by Socratic maieutics, guides the patient to articulate their own understanding of musical experiences, elucidating the “why” and “how” of therapeutic processes. Conversely, Aristotle grounded knowledge in systematic observation and logical analysis of the concrete, a legacy reflected in contemporary quantitative designs, including randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. These methods measure tangible outcomes, such as reductions in anxiety or heart rate, legitimising music therapy within the healthcare community. The Platonic and Aristotelian approaches are complementary: qualitative research provides depth to subjective meanings, while quantitative research offers empirical rigour. Music therapy advances when these approaches converge, integrating qualitative narratives with verifiable quantitative data. This synergy fosters a robust understanding of therapeutic processes, bridging the interpretive depth of lived experience with the precision of measurable outcomes.La musicoterapia ha evolucionado hacia un paradigma basado en la evidencia, pero sus métodos científicos se sustentan en raíces filosóficas que se remontan a Pitágoras, Platón y Aristóteles. Pitágoras exploró la armonía musical a través de proporciones matemáticas, conectando la experiencia sensorial con el orden cósmico. Esta visión empírica sentó las bases para enfoques científicos que combinan observación y abstracción. Platón, por su parte, propuso que el conocimiento verdadero (episteme) se encuentra en las Ideas, trascendiendo la percepción sensorial. Este enfoque resuena en la investigación cualitativa y fenomenológica de la musicoterapia, donde se busca desentrañar significados profundos a través de métodos como entrevistas o microanálisis musical. En este proceso, el terapeuta, inspirado en la mayéutica socrática, guía al paciente para que revele su propia comprensión de la experiencia musical, iluminando el “por qué” y el “cómo” de los procesos terapéuticos. Aristóteles, en cambio, fundamentó el conocimiento en la observación sistemática y el análisis lógico de lo concreto, un legado que se refleja en los diseños cuantitativos actuales, como ensayos controlados aleatorizados, revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis. Estos métodos miden efectos concretos, como la reducción de la ansiedad o la frecuencia cardíaca, legitimando la musicoterapia ante la comunidad sanitaria. Ambos enfoques, el platónico y el aristotélico, son complementarios: la investigación cualitativa aporta profundidad a los significados subjetivos, mientras que la cuantitativa ofrece solidez empírica. La musicoterapia avanza cuando estos enfoques convergen, integrando narrativas cualitativas con datos cuantitativos verificables

Optimal Target-Oriented Knowledge Transportation For Aspect-Based Multimodal Sentiment Analysis.

Aspect-based multimodal sentiment analysis under social media scenario aims to identify the sentiment polarities of each aspect term, which are mentioned in a piece of multimodal user-generated content. Previous approaches for this interdisciplinary multimodal task mainly rely on coarse-grained fusion mechanisms from the data-level or decision-level, which have the following three shortcomings:(1) ignoring the category knowledge of the sentiment target mentioned in the text) in visual information. (2) unable to assess the importance of maintaining target interaction during the unimodal encoding process, which results in indiscriminative representations considering various aspect terms. (3) suffering from the semantic gap between multiple modalities. To tackle the above challenging issues, we propose an optimal target-oriented knowledge transportation network (OtarNet) for this task. Firstly, the visual category knowledge is explicitly transported through input space translation and reformulation. Secondly, with the reformulated knowledge containing the target and category information, the target sensitivity is well maintained in the unimodal representations through a multistage target-oriented interaction mechanism. Finally, to eliminate the distributional modality gap by integrating complementary knowledge, the target-sensitive features of multiple modalities are implicitly transported based on the optimal transport interaction module. Our model achieves state-of-theart performance on three benchmark datasets: Twitter-15, Twitter-17 and Yelp, together with the extensive ablation study demonstrating the superiority and effectiveness of OtarNet