Beta-Voltaic Nuclear Batteries - Review of Recent Developments, Challenges and Future Research Directions

With its high energy density, extended service life, robust anti-interference capability, compact size, low weight, and ease of integration, beta-voltaic batteries which transform decay energy from radioisotope sources into electrical energy have gained interest from researchers over the years. However, there is currently no study that provides a comprehensive overview of studies on the topic using the systematic and bibliometric review approach. This study thus provides a comprehensive bibliometric and systematic review of beta-voltaic technology from 2000 to 2024, revealing an annual growth rate of 8.76 % in research publications. Key research themes include nuclear batteries, gallium nitride, silicon carbide, and nanotechnology, with emerging themes including radiation remediation and micro nuclear batteries for medical implants. Despite their high energy density and long-term reliability, beta-voltaic batteries face technical, environmental, and social challenges, including low power output, inefficiencies, radioactive decay management, limited availability of isotopes, high production costs, and public mistrust in nuclear technology.Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [N 975.42, FEUZ-2022-0031]The research funding was from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Federal University Program of Development within the Priority-2030 Program) and (Tolerant Efficient Energy Based on Renewable Energy Sources) grant number: N 975.42. Young Scientist laboratory 347/23. Grant Number FEUZ-2022-0031.Science Citation Index Expande

Choroidal Vascularity Index Findings in Patients Recovered From Mild Course Covid-19 Pneumonia

Toprak, Muge/0000-0002-0567-8449PurposeTo assess the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in individuals who have recovered from moderate pneumonia caused by COVID-19, using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT).MethodsThis study included 43 patients who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection with mild pneumonia (Group 1-COVID group), as well as 45 healthy individuals (Group 2- healthy control group). The study comprised COVID-19 patients who fully recovered from COVID-19 pneumonia. These patients were assessed 6 months after their pneumonia had totally resolved. The measurements were acquired via EDI-OCT investigations of the choroidal structures. The primary measure of interest was the CVI, which is defined as the ratio of the luminal area (LA) to the total choroidal area (TCA).ResultsPatients from Group 1 (COVID group) who had totally recovered exhibited significantly higher mean TCA, stromal area (SA), and LA compared to patients from Group 2 (control or healthy group). The two groups did not show a significant difference in CVI (p = 0.080).ConclusionChoroidal vascularity index can reveal the choroidal vascular physiology in patients who have fully recovered from COVID-19 pneumonia. EDI-OCT can be utilized to evaluate choroidal vascular alterations, serving as a non-invasive indicator for early vascular impairment following SARS-CoV-2 infection.Science Citation Index Expande

Double Congenital Abnormalities of Left Anterior Descending Artery: a Technical Modification for Closing Wide Neck of Aneurysm and Fistulae-A Case Report

Background The duplication of the left anterior descending coronary artery and coronary artery-to-pulmonary artery fistulae are infrequent congenital anomalies described in literature. These anomalies can lead to life-threatening conditions such as myocardial infarction, rupture, cardiac tamponade, and heart failure.Case summary A 73-year-old male with chronic kidney failure was admitted for a preoperative cardiovascular assessment. Initially, he did not report any chest pain. However, while awaiting myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, he developed chest pain and coughing, leading him to present to the emergency department, where his troponin levels were found to be elevated. Coronary angiography and coronary computed tomography angiography showed a dual left coronary artery where one of the left anterior descending arteries completely transforms into a congenital aneurysm and fistula. In order to reshape the aneurysm neck and prevent the migration of coils into the left main coronary artery by creating a landing zone and to reduce the number of coils and the procedure time, two stents were first placed inside the aneurysm neck. Then, the fistula and aneurysm were successfully closed by coil implantation.Discussion Some case studies and centre experiences recommend interventional closure using cover stents, vascular plugs, and coil embolization techniques for symptomatic fistulae and those resulting in complications. Despite these recommendations, determining the best treatment strategy remains challenging due to the lack of clear guidelines. The novel modified technic consisted of two nested stents and coil embolization to close the aneurysm and fistula and prevent secondary complications due to myocardial infarction.Emerging Sources Citation Inde

Heat Transfer Enhancement of Phase Change Materials Using Tree Shaped Fins: a Comprehensive Review

Kadhim, Saif Ali/0000-0003-0359-5022The efficiency of thermal energy storage is essential in phase change material (PCM) systems. Many traditional configurations of fins, such as radial, rectangular, and pin fins, have yet to be found lacking in how they facilitate heat transfer at charging and discharging processes, causing more extended phase change periods and decreasing the entire system's efficiency. This review seeks to fill the gap in thermal performance improvement and categorizes the existing literature related to melting, solidification, and a combination of both melting and solidification processes. Scientific research carried out in the melting section shows that tree-shaped fins have the potential to cut down melting time by 60 % compared to conventional fins and thereby significantly improve the ability to store energy. The solidification section highlights that such revolutionary fin configurations can reduce solidification time by 30 to 50 %, thus improving the system's performance. Additionally, the synchronized analysis of the trees proves that while the tree fins enhance the distribution of heat all over the trees, they also enhance the natural convection, improving the uniformity of temperatures and the effectiveness of phase change. The outcomes reveal that even though tree-shaped fins are capital-intensive, their low operating costs and higher efficiency leverage initial costs. Incorporating tree-shaped fins in the PCM system is a novel step in enhancing thermal energy storage systems with significant enhancement of solidification and melting in thermal management applications, which are crucial challenges to energy efficiency and sustainability.Science Citation Index Expande

Comparison of Fracture Resistance Between Immediate and Delayed Composite Restorations With or Without Fiber After Root Canal Treatment: a Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope Study

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance of immediate and delayed restorations after root canal treatment (RCT). Methods: Sixty human intact premolar teeth were used. Teeth were prepared disto-occlusally. After RCT, teeth were randomly divided into two groups according to restoration times (immediate or 3 months delayed). The three month delay was imitated by thermomechanical aging. Then, samples were divided into six subgroups (n = 10). While I (Composite resin), II (Flowable bulk-fill) and III (Ribbond+Flowable bulk-fill) were restored immediately, Groups IV, V and VI were restored with temporary filling material and stored in distilled. After subjected to thermo-cycling (2,500 cycles, 5-55 degrees C) and exposed to 60,000 cycles in a chewing simulator, Group IV (Composite resin), V (Flowable bulk-fill) and VI (Ribbond+Flowable bulk-fill) were restored. All of the teeth were fractured on the universal testing machine. Failure modes were analyzed using scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk and two-way ANOVA tests (p 0.05). Most of the repairable fractures were seen in Groups I and II. Conclusion: Delaying the permanent restorations of teeth for 3 months did not affect fracture resistance. However, it was suggested to avoid delaying restorations for obtaining repairable surfaces.Science Citation Index Expande

Search for the Higgs Boson Decays To a Ρ0, Φ, or K*0 Meson and a Photon in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s=13 TeV

Tornago, Marta/0000-0001-6768-1056; Ruiz, Jose/0000-0002-3306-0363; Pradhan, Raghunath/0000-0001-7000-6510; Moscatelli, Francesco/0000-0002-7676-3106; Wittich, Peter/0000-0002-7401-2181; Leonidou, Christos/0009-0008-6993-2005; Cardini, Andrea/0000-0003-1803-0999; Mcginnis, Michael/0000-0002-9833-6316; Evdokimov, Olga/0000-0002-1250-8931; Murillo Quijada, Javier Alberto/0000-0003-4933-2092; Giammanco, Andrea/0000-0001-9640-8294; Tytgat, Michael/0000-0002-3990-2074; Mora Herrera, Maria Clemencia/0000-0003-3915-3170;Three rare decay processes of the Higgs boson to a rho(770)(0), phi(1020), or K-* (892)(0) meson and a photon are searched for using root s = 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Events are selected assuming the mesons decay into a pair of charged pions, a pair of charged kaons, or a charged kaon and pion, respectively. Depending on the Higgs boson production mode, different triggering and reconstruction techniques are adopted. The analyzed data sets correspond to integrated luminosities up to 138 fb(-1), depending on the reconstructed final state. After combining various data sets and categories, no significant excess above the background expectations is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level on the Higgs boson branching fractions into rho(770)(0)gamma, phi(1020)gamma, and K-*(892)(0)gamma are determined to be 3.7 x 10(-4), 3.0 x 10(-4), and 3.0 x 10(-4), respectively. In case of the rho(770)(0)gamma and phi(1020)gamma channels, these are the most stringent experimental limits to date.Science Citation Index Expande

Examination of Risks Affecting the Formation of Cervical Disc Herniation With Fmea and Pareto Analysis Methodology

Background and objectives: The study aims to determine risk levels of incorrect movements and behaviors that affect the formation of Cervical Disc Herniation (CDH) using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), and identify critical risks with Pareto Analysis. Methods: 22 risks that affect the formation of CDH have been identified, evaluated by the FMEA team, and a Risk Priority Number (RPN) has been calculated to create an FMEA table. Pareto Analysis has been conducted. Results: According to the 40–60% ratio values in Pareto Analysis, it is observed that traffic accidents, weakness in neck muscles, manual therapy performed by non-experts, and mobile phone usage stand out and are significant risks. Discussion: It is understood that by focusing on solving the top 4 risks that stand out in the RPN ranking, which we have identified through FMEA and Pareto Analysis systems, a large part of this problem can be solved by addressing a small number of risks. © 2025 Asociación Española de Fisioterapeuta

The Effect of External Heat Flux and Atomic Defects on the Nano-Pumping Process of C20 Molecule Inside Carbon Nanotube Using Molecular Dynamics Method

Innovative designs and models are essential for contemporary drug delivery systems to minimize adverse effects, maximize therapeutic efficacy, and enhance patient satisfaction. The use of cost-effective and biodegradable carbon structures has garnered significant interest in developing pharmaceutical carriers. This study utilized the molecular dynamics method to examine the nano-pumping efficacy of C20 molecules within a carbon nanotube (CNT) at various heat fluxes and atomic defects. Increasing the external heat flux enhanced the nano-pumping process, which was completed in the ideal nanotube after 7.15 ps. The atomic behavior of the fullerene sample improved with the application of thermal sources within the MD box, generating effective force. To investigate the impact of atomic defects on the nano-pumping process, ideal nanotubes were modified with defects in proportions of 1 %, 2 %, and 3 %. The computational outputs predicted that the nano-pumping process in the modeled system was optimized at a 1 % atomic defect ratio. When a 3 % atomic defect was introduced into the CNT sample, the nano-pumping process was completed in 9.64 picoseconds. The findings of this research using CNT-based systems are anticipated to pave the way for extraordinary developments in medicine and drug delivery.Science Citation Index Expande

Simulation of Condensation Process With Different Fluids in Micro and Nanochannels To Investigate the Wall Material, Curvature of the Channel, and Electric and Magnetic Fields Using the Molecular Dynamics Approach

Nowadays, computer simulations are a suitable tool for understanding physical phenomena. This paper examined the condensation process of various fluids in micro/nanochannels (MCs/NCs) using molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). The present study examined the condensation time in MCs and NCs across different base fluid types, atomic materials, the number of atomic curvatures (NAC), and the intensities of electric field (EF) and magnetic field (MF). The results reveal that the time required for phase change (condensation) in the helium (He) fluid-structure was less in MCs (2.91 ns) and NCs (2.72 ns) compared to other samples. Changing the atomic materials of MCs and NCs (copper (Cu), platinum (Pt), and Cu/Pt) showed that Pt reduced the condensation times to 2.62 ns for MCs and 2.58 ns for NCs. To enhance atomic interactions in the simulated MCs and NCs, the NAC was modeled at 1, 2, and 3. Increasing the NAC in MCs and NCs decreased the condensation times from 2.91 ns and 2.72 ns to 2.62 ns and 2.58 ns, respectively. The results indicate that condensation time decreases as NAC increases. Increasing the intensities of EF and MF enhanced a fluid's atomic mobility and kinetic energy (KE). Applying an EF with magnitudes of 0, 1, 2, and 5 V/m increased the condensation times of MCs and NCs from 2.91 ns and 2.72 ns to 3.39 ns and 3.36 ns, respectively. Additionally, changing the intensity of MF altered the phase change times in MCs and NCs to 3.17 ns and 3.15 ns, respectively.Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University [RGP2-293-46]Authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2-293-46.Science Citation Index Expande

Search for Light Long-Lived Particles Decaying To Displaced Jets in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s=13.6 Tev

A search for light long-lived particles (LLPs) decaying to displaced jets is presented, using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34.7 fb(-1), collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022. Novel trigger, reconstruction, and machine-learning techniques were developed for and employed in this search. After all selections, the observations are consistent with the background predictions. Limits are presented on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson to LLPs that subsequently decay to quark pairs or tau lepton pairs. An improvement by up to a factor of 10 is achieved over previous limits for models with LLP masses smaller than 60 GeV and proper decay lengths smaller than 1 m. The first constraints are placed on the fraternal twin Higgs (FTH) and folded supersymmetry (FSUSY) models, where the lower bounds on the top quark partner mass reach up to 350 GeV for the FTH model and 250 GeV for the FSUSY model.FWF; FNRS; FWO (Belgium) [30820817]; CNPq; CAPES; FAPERJ; FAPERGS; FAPESP (Brazil); BNSF (Bulgaria); MoST; NSFC (China); CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG [MoER TK202]; Academy of Finland; MEC; CEA; CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF; BMBF; DFG; HGF (Germany); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE; DST; IPM; SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE; UM (Malaysia); BUAP; CONACYT; UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSTDA; TUBITAK; DOE; NSF (USA); Marie-Curie program; European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207]; COST Action [CA16108]; Leventis Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Science Committee [22rl-037]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [FR-22-985]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Strategy-EXC 2121, 400140256-GRK2497]; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) [2288]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences [K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, TKP2021-NKTA-64]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India - NextGenerationEU program (Italy); Latvian Council of Science; Ministry of Education and Science [2022/WK/14]; National Science Center [Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369, 2021/43/B/ST2/01552, CEECIND/01334/2018]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; ERDF 'a way of making Europe [MDM-2017-0765]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation [B39G670016]; Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; SuperMicro Corporation; Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA)We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, RVTT3 and MoER TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LMTLT (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Rachada-pisek Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, Contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, Project No. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the 'Excellence of Science-EOS'-be.h Project No. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010 and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Grant FR-22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), among others, under Germany's Excellence Strategy-EXC 2121 'Quantum Universe'-390833306, and under Project Number 400140256-GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program-uNKP, the NKFIH research Grants K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021-NKTA-64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC-National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing and FAIR-Future Artificial Intelligence Research, funded by the NextGenerationEU program (Italy); the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, Project No.2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, Contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the FundacAo para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF 'a way of making Europe', and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, Grant MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, Grant B39G670016 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, Contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).Science Citation Index Expande