Universal social welfare orderings and risk

International audienceHow can social prospects be evaluated and compared when there may be a risk on i) the actual allocations that people will receive, ii) the existence of these future people, and iii) their preferences? This paper investigates this question, which can arise when considering policies, such as climate policy, that affect people who do not yet exist. We start from the observation that there is no social ordering that meets minimal requirements of fairness, social rationality, and respect for people's ex ante preferences. We explore three ways around this impossibility. First, if we drop the ex ante Pareto requirement, we can obtain fair ex post criteria that take an (arbitrary) expected utility of an equally-distributed equivalent level of well-being. Second, if the social ordering is not an expected utility, we can obtain fair ex ante criteria that evaluate uncertain individual prospects with a certaintyequivalent measure of well-being. Third, if we accept that interpersonal comparisons rely on VNM utility functions even in absence of risk, we can construct expected utility social orderings that satisfy of a version of Pareto ex ante

Panorama relationnel. Diverses manières de nouer des liens

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Les Galates en Méditerranée orientale du IIIe au Ier s. a.C.

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Deconstructing privilege and questioning whiteness from the Global South : postcolonial circulations of the black diaspora between France and Senegal

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First release of the European marine omics biodiversity observation network (EMO BON) shotgun metagenomics data from water and sediment samples

International audienceThe European Marine Omics Biodiversity Observation Network (EMO BON) is an initiative of the European Marine Biological Resource Centre (EMBRC) to establish a persistent genomic observatory amongst designated European coastal marine sites, sharing the same protocols for sampling and data curation. Environmental samples are collected from the water column and, at some sites, soft sediments and hard substrates (Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures - ARMS), together with a set of mandatory and discretionary metadata (including Essential Ocean Variables - EOVs). Samples are collected following standardised protocols at regular and specified intervals and sequenced in large six-monthly batches at a centralised sequencing facility. The use of standard operating procedures (SOPs) during data collection, library preparation and sequencing aims to provide uniformity amongst the data collected from the sites. Coupled with strict adherence to open and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data principles, this ensures maximum comparability amongst samples and enhances reusability and interoperability of the data with other data sources. The observatory network was launched in June 2021, when the first sampling campaign took place

Nowcasting Economic Activity with Fat tails and Outliers

This paper extends dynamic factor models by explicitly incorporating outliers, moving beyond conventional data screening practices. The methodological contribution includes introducing fat tails and outliers multiplicatively into innovation volatility, and two distinct approaches for modelling outliers are presented to address large jumps. Empirical findings demonstrate that outlier-augmented models consistently outperform benchmark models in point and density forecasting, with the most significant improvements observed in nowcasting horizons. Incorporating outliers becomes particularly crucial during major crises, enhancing forecasting accuracy by 44% compared to the benchmark. The uniform-mixture approach is found to be more robust than the student-t models, as it targets extreme variations without disrupting the smoothness of the stochastic volatility process

Les Formes de l’Éloquence des femmes d’Ibn Abī Ṭāhir Ṭayfūr (IXe s.) : Assignation, dissidence etsubversion.

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Market Power and Transparency in Open Display Advertising – A Case Study

National audienceMarket Power and Transparency in Open Display Advertising – A Case Stud

ICS for multivariate functional anomaly detection with applications to predictive maintenance and quality control

National audienceInvariant coordinate selection (ICS) is a multivariate data transformation and a dimension reduction method that can be useful in many different contexts. It can be used for outlier detection or cluster identification, and can be seen as an independent component or a non-Gaussian component analysis method. The usual implementation of ICS is based on a joint diagonalization of two scatter matrices, and may be numerically unstable in some ill-conditioned situations. We focus on one-step M-scatter matrices and propose a new implementation of ICS based on a pivoted QR factorization of the centered data set. This factorization avoids the direct computation of the scatter matrices and their inverse and brings numerical stability to the algorithm. Furthermore, the row and column pivoting leads to a rank revealing procedure that allows computation of ICS when the scatter matrices are not full rank. Several artificial and real data sets illustrate the interest of using the new implementation compared to the original one

Le vit et la couille - Édition, traduction et notes d'après le manuscrit BnF fr. 837

Édition, traduction et notes du "Vit et la couille" d'après le manuscrit BnF fr. 83