Nuevos espacios virtuales: sociedad, cultura y negocios, ¿real o virtual?

Nuevos escenarios de la comunicación y la opinión públic

Consensus document on frailty: conceptualization, detection, multidisciplinary management and future roadmap

Background: The lack of a universally accepted definition, a gold-standard assessment tool, and sufficient evidence-based interventions has hindered the integration of frailty into routine clinical practice, particularly outside geriatric medicine. For clinicians, health professionals, policymakers, and aging researchers, a unified framework based on robust evidence has become essential. Objectives: To provide a consensus on relevant aspects of frailty, including definition, attributes, misunderstandings, pathophysiology, phenotypes, assessment, biomarkers, management, stigmas, and future challenges, useful for epidemiological, clinical, and research applications across Europe. Design: Consensus document. Setting: Twenty-five research centers on frailty and healthy aging. Measurements: Relevant aspects of frailty. Results: This document presents a consensus regarding what frailty is and what it is not, the relationship between frailty and aging, common misunderstandings associated with frailty, its pathophysiology, and the biomarkers involved. It also addresses how frailty should be assessed and by whom, how it should be managed, the existence of frailty subphenotypes or subtypes, the stigma associated with being considered frail, gender-related considerations, and the current challenges and future directions in the field. Frailty is defined as the expression of an age-associated clinical phenotypic syndrome driven by the biology of aging, life-course environmental exposures, and disease burden. Its physiological basis lies in a heterogeneous decline of functional reserve across organ systems, accompanied by impaired homeostasis and reduced capacity to respond to stressors, ultimately predisposing individuals to adverse health outcomes, mainly disability. Conclusions: This consensus document on frailty provides a comprehensive framework useful for epidemiological, clinical, and research applications across Europe.Psicología y Ciencias de la Salu

Employment sentiment behavior during European economic crises: Time trends and persistence analysis

This study analyzes employment sentiment dynamics in the Euro Area during recessions using long memory models and time–frequency causality tests. Results show strong persistence in expectations and evidence of bidirectional causality with recession indicators. Employment sentiment serves as a short- and medium-term predictor of recessions, while downturns have lasting effects on labor market perceptions. These findings highlight the relevance of sentiment indicators for macroeconomic forecasting and policy design.Empres

El «Ethos» de José Jiménez Lozano en «Cartas de un cristiano impaciente» y «Hombre y época» («Destino» 1964-1977).

En este estudio se analiza el ethos de José Jiménez Lozano en la revista Destino durante el periodo 1964-1977. El análisis del ethos ofrece una comprensión profunda de los mecanismos que sostienen la persuasión en el género de la columna personal. Atender al ethos pone de manifiesto que la adhesión ideológica no se reduce a una coincidencia de opiniones ni a la aceptación pasiva de argumentos, sino que implica la identificación de los interlocutores con un universo de sentido compartido capaz de generar comunidades de convicción que comparten el mundo de valores que da sentido a sus ideas. El enfoque desde la perspectiva del análisis del discurso aporta una comprensión profunda y precisa de la persuasión, cristalizada en las dinámicas de «incorporación» de Dominique Maingueneau y de «persuasión por identificación» de Fernando López Pan.Humanidade

Meta-Analysis on Family Quality of Life in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background: The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) significantly affects family quality of life (FQoL), with child age and symptom severity playing key roles. This meta-analysis examines how these factors relate to FQoL. Method: A systematic search was conducted in APA PsycInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PSICODOC, MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases. Up to 2024, no meta-analyses had examined these variables. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria, and their methodological quality was evaluated following PRISMA guidelines. Results: Findings indicate a moderate positive correlation between child age and FQoL, suggesting that FQoL tends to improve as children grow older. Conversely, ASD severity shows a negative but non-significant association with FQoL. Family support and cohesion emerge as crucial influencing factors. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of considering both ASD characteristics and family psychosocial resources, emphasizing the need for adaptive, family-centered support strategies.Antecedentes: El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) afecta significativamente la calidad de vida familiar (CVF), donde la edad del niño y la gravedad de los síntomas desempeñan un papel fundamental. Este metaanálisis examina la relación entre estos factores y la CVF. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos APA PsycInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PSICODOC, MEDLINE y EBSCO. Hasta 2024, ningún metaanálisis había examinado estas variables. Quince artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y su calidad metodológica se evaluó siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. Resultados: Los hallazgos indican una correlación positiva moderada entre la edad del niño y la CVF, lo que sugiere que la CVF tiende a mejorar con la edad. Por el contrario, la gravedad del TEA muestra una asociación negativa, aunque no significativa, con la CVF. El apoyo y la cohesión familiar emergen como factores de influencia cruciales. Conclusiones: Este estudio destaca la importancia de considerar tanto las características del TEA como los recursos psicosociales familiares, destacando la necesidad de estrategias de apoyo adaptativas y centradas en la familia.Psicología y Ciencias de la Salu

Factores asociados a sarcopenia en personas mayores autovalentes: un estudio transversal

Introducción: En personas mayores la sarcopenia es un síndrome multifactorial, asociado con diversos eventos adversos como discapacidad, caídas y mortalidad. Objetivo: Analizar los factores clínicos, hábitos y estilos de vida asociados a sarcopenia en per sonas mayores residentes en la comunidad. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo transversal realizado en Talca, Chile, entre junio y noviembre de 2024. Participaron 201 personas mayores con una edad media de 71,6 años (89,4 % mujeres). La sarcopenia fue diagnosticada según criterios internacionales, mientras que los antecedentes clínicos (comorbilidades y estado nutricional), hábitos y estilos de vida se obtuvieron mediante autorreporte. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística binaria y los re sultados se expresaron en odds ratios (OR) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95 % (IC 95 %) y p < .05. Resultados: La prevalencia de sarcopenia fue del 6,67 %. Se observó mayor probabilidad de sarcopenia en presencia de polifarmacia (OR = 4,03; IC 95 %: 1,09–18,97; p = .03), artrosis (OR = 4,44; IC 95 %: 1,08–20,87; p = .03) y déficit auditivo (OR = 4,00; IC 95 %: 1,15–13,86; p = .02). En contraste, el sobrepeso/obesidad se asoció con menor riesgo de desarrollar esta condición (OR = 0,047; IC 95 %: 0,006–0,371; p = .04). Conclusión: La polifarmacia, la artrosis y el déficit auditivo, se mostraron como factores de riesgo para la sarcopenia mientras que el sobrepeso/obesidad se asoció con un menor riesgo de desarrollarla. Estos hallazgos aportan evidencia para fortalecer las estrategias de tamizaje, prevención e intervención temprana en el contexto de la atención primaria, considerando un enfoque multidimensional.Introduction: In older adults the sarcopenia is a multifactorial syndrome associated with sev eral adverse outcomes, including disability, falls, and mortality. Objective: To analyze the clinical, lifestyle, and behavioral factors associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study was conducted in Talca, Chile, between June and November 2024. A total of 201 older adults participated, with a mean age of 71.6 years; 89.4% were women. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to international criteria, while clinical variables (comorbidities and nutritional status), lifestyle behaviors, and habits were obtained through self-report. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed, and the results were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and statistical significance set at p < .05. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 6.97%. A higher likelihood of sarcopenia was ob served in the presence of polypharmacy (OR = 4.03; 95% CI: 1.09–18.97; p = .03), osteoarthritis (OR = 4.44; 95% CI: 1.08–20.87; p = .03), and hearing impairment (OR = 4.00; 95% CI: 1.15– 13.86; p = .02). In contrast, overweight/obesity was associated with a significantly lower risk of developing sarcopenia (OR = 0.047; 95% CI: 0.006–0.371; p = .04). Conclusion: Polypharmacy, osteoarthritis, and hearing impairment were positively associated with sarcopenia, while overweight/obesity was inversely associated with its presence. These findings provide evidence to reinforce screening, prevention, and early intervention strategies within primary healthcare settings, emphasizing a multidimensional approach.Psicología y Ciencias de la Salu

The Social Construction of Body Rejection: How Social Media, Family, and Peers Shape Adolescent Fatphobia

Este estudio analiza la relación entre los niveles de gordofobia en adolescentes españoles (12-17 años) y la presión percibida sobre el cuerpo desde tres fuentes principales: redes sociales, familia y grupo de pares. Con una muestra de 1082 adolescentes, se aplicaron escalas validadas para medir la gordofobia y la presión ejercida por cada grupo. Los resultados destacan que la presión desde las redes sociales se asocia significativamente con mayores niveles de gordofobia. La presión familiar muestra un papel dual, pudiendo tanto mitigar como incrementar la gordofobia en función del contexto social y familiar específico, mientras que la presión de los pares presenta una relación menos clara, aunque significativa. Estos hallazgos permiten subrayar la necesidad de abordar críticamente el impacto diferenciado de las distintas fuentes de presión sobre la imagen corporal, sugiriendo implicaciones para programas educativos y políticas sociales que busquen reducir la gordofobia en esta población especialmente vulnerable.This study examines the relationship between levels of fatphobia in Spanish adolescents (aged 12-17) and perceived body pressure from three main sources: social media, family, and peer group. Using a sample of 1,082 adolescents, validated scales were applied to measure fatphobia and the pressure exerted by each group. The results show that pressure from social media is significantly associated with higher levels of fatphobia. Family pressure plays a dual role, potentially mitigating or increasing fatphobia depending on the specific social and familial context, while peer pressure presents a less linear but still significant relationship. These findings highlight the need to critically address the differentiated impact of these sources of pressure on body image, and suggest implications for educational programs and social policies aimed at reducing fatphobia in this particularly vulnerable population.Comunicació

Transitions in Functional Status and Frailty Among Post-Hospitalized COVID-19 Oldest-Old Adults: An 18-Month Follow-Up Study

Objectives: This study seeks to analyze physical function and frailty transitions in older adults at 1, 12, and 18 months after hospital discharge for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Furthermore, we examined risk factors associated with patterns of changes. Methods: This is an observational, longitudinal, unicentric study. Participants aged ≥80 years who were admitted to a Spanish tertiary hospital and survived COVID-19 were included. Functional status was evaluated at baseline and after 1, 12, and 18 months of discharge using the Barthel Index (BI) and Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), and frailty was assessed using the FRAIL scale. Clinical, sociodemographic, and functional parameters were evaluated as covariates. Results: Two hundred and thirty-three individuals (mean age 86.2 ± 4.0 years, 48.9% men) were included. Patterns of changes were classified into three categories as follows: no changes (i.e., same score at baseline and follow-up), improvement (i.e., better results at follow-up), and worsening (i.e., detriments at follow-up). Worse frailty status at baseline [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.39] and longer length of stay (RRR = 1.03) were associated with higher risk of frailty impairment (worsening pattern). Older age (RRR = 1.11), longer length of stay (RRR = 1.03), and worse baseline physical function (RRR = 1.01) and FRAIL scores (RRR = 1.37) were associated with impairments in physical status at 18 months. Conclusions: Three distinct patterns of changes in functionality and frailty were observed among older adults discharged after COVID-19. Age, length of stay, and worse frailty and functional status at baseline emerged as significant risk factors for worsening in the examined conditions.Psicología y Ciencias de la Salu

From Shadows to Light: Albert the Great on the Semiotic Structure of Human Cognition

This article explores Albert the Great’s understanding of human cognition as a hierarchical, semiotic structure, made of light. It examines his response to the question “What is good for man?”, tracing his shift from a moral–theological to an anthropological and epistemological perspective in dialogue with Aristotelian, Neoplatonic, and Arabic sources. Through close textual analysis of his writings on the soul and intellect, the article reconstructs man’s hierarchical constitution and highlights the central role of signs and of the imagery of light and shadows in his understanding of cognition. It argues that, for Albert, each level of apprehension functions as a semiotic link that dynamically leads the human intellect from lower to higher degrees of comprehension, intentionally pointing toward the divine source of all being, understood as light. Albert’s conception of signs, intentionality, and intellectual illumination is shown to anticipate and go beyond later semiotic theories. Consequently, the article proposes that he should be regarded as a “proto-semiotic” thinker whose original anthropological synthesis, centered on epistemology and sign-theory, illuminates the intrinsic role of signs in human perfection and clarifies how words and images can express the cognitive relation between created and uncreated being.Humanidade

The quality of life of competitive and recreational Spanish surfers and para surfers

Background: Physical exercise is known to enhance both physical and mental health. Surfing, an emerging water sport practiced in “blue space”, offers unique well-being benefits, including for individuals with disabilities through Para-Surfing. Methods: This study analyzed the Quality of Life (QoL) among 146 Spanish participants (126 Surfers and 20 ParaSurfers), comparing competitive and recreational modalities, reasons for engagement, and the relationship between sociodemographic factors, surf practice, and QoL. Results: Overall, participants reported high scores QoL. Despite the absence of discernible global disparities in Global QoL attributable to practice or surfing modality, Para-Surfers exhibited comparatively diminished QoL in the Physical Health and Level of Independence (PHLI) domain relative to Surfers. The predominant reasons for engaging in surfing activities among the study participants encompassed the enhancement of both mental and physical well-being, augmented personal autonomy, and the fulfillment derived from personal challenges. However, competitive Surfers and Para-Surfers were more likely to highlight performance and recognition as key motivators. Notably, recreational surfers who valued social connections reported higher QoL, unlike competitive surfers who placed less importance on these relationships. For Para-Surfers, equipment adaptation was significantly associated with better overall QoL, as well as improvements in psychological health and spirituality (PHS). Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of aligning individual motivations with the type of surf practice to maximize QoL benefits. For Para-Surfers, access to safe, enjoyable, and adapted equipment is essential. Promoting surfing as a health-enhancing activity should consider both personal goals and structural support to optimize QoL outcomes.Psicología y Ciencias de la Salu