The contestation and implications of tin mining on environmental degradation

Background: Tin mining activities in Bangka Belitung have consistently increased each year, yet they often neglect or damage the environment—resulting in soil degradation, water pollution, ecosystem destruction with a consequent loss of biodiversity, and significant harm to marine ecosystems such as coral reefs. Methods: This qualitative study examines public attitudes toward tin mining, reviews the legal policies in effect, and assesses the environmental and social impacts through secondary data collected via literature reviews. Findings: The analysis reveals that the prevailing anthropocentric approach in both practice and legal frameworks has led to extensive environmental damage, exemplified by 1,435.64 hectares of unreclaimed land, and underscores that current mining operations prioritize human interests at the expense of environmental sustainability. Conclusion: The study concludes that a paradigm shift toward an ecocentric framework is urgently needed, one that emphasizes enhanced environmental education, increased community participation, and reformed legal policies to promote sustainable mining practices. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research presents a novel conceptual framework by integrating ecocentric principles into the evaluation of tin mining impacts, offering innovative policy recommendations for sustainable resource management in Bangka Belitung

Characterization and abundance of microplastics in coastal water pools: Composition, morphology, and environmental implications

Background: Microplastic pollution has become a global problem which needs to be bewared of. Microplastics were distributed in various marine environments around the world, one of which is in the water column. Findings: The consumed microplastics by marine organism will reduce the intake of nutrients that should be obtained from food. The purpose of this study are (1) To identify microplastics that existed in water column, (2) To calculate microplastics abundance in the water column, (3) To know the types of microplastic polymers in the watercolumn. Methods: This study used purposive sampling method as the research method in determining the study’s sampling point. The observation of microplastics in seawater was performed by visual identification method using the Stereomicroscope Euromax SB 1902. Plastic polymer analysis used FTIR Shimadzu Prestige-21 and reading polymer results used Open Specy. Statistical analysis used Oneway Anova test and T test using SPSS software. Conclusion: This study found microplastics in the Parepare’s waters. The microplastics found in the Parepare’s waters have the same characteristics in terms of color and shape. The color of the microplastic that dominates was blue and the shape of the microplastic that dominates was fiber, and for the size of microplastics were grouped into 4 sizes found at high tide and low tide, which were: <0.5 mm; 0.5-<1.0mm; 1.0-<2.5mm; and 2.5-5 mm. The highest average abundance microplastics at high and low tides was found in Lumpue waters at high tide in 8.34 Item/m3 and at low tide in 6.12 Item/m3. The types of polymers obtained are; Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE). Novelty/Originality of this article: Microplastics in water pools pose a hidden environmental and health risk, as these tiny particles can accumulate from various sources and may carry harmful toxins, affecting both water quality and swimmers

Feasibility analysis of suckermouth catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) as a feed ingredient for cultivated fish

Background: Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) has been known to dominate Lake Sidenreng. The abundant presence of this species has not been optimally utilized and has caused negative impacts on the ecosystem. This study aims to evaluate the heavy metal content of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), as well as to analyze the nutritional composition of suckermouth catfish meat. Methods: The research was conducted in July and August 2021 in Lake Sidenreng, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi. Fish samples were obtained from fishermen at three stations: Wette’e, Teteaji, and Mojong. Heavy metal content was analyzed descriptively based on the maximum permissible limits of heavy metal contamination, while the nutritional composition was analyzed using proximate analysis. Findings: The results showed that the cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels in suckermouth catfish meat from July to August were below the heavy metal contamination limits, with Cd <0.01 µg/g and Pb ranging from <0.01 to 0.13 µg/g. Mercury (Hg) levels in July ranged from 0.0006 to 0.0119 µg/g, whereas in August, Hg levels exceeded the contamination limit, ranging from 0.2246 to 0.8223 µg/g. The nutritional composition of the fish meat showed high protein content (88.56–92.08%), ash content (3.19–7.46%), fat content (1.00–2.08%), and carbohydrate content (1.18–3.44%). Conclusion: The Cd and Pb levels in all sampling stations were within the acceptable limits. The Hg levels in July and in August at Wette’e were still within tolerable limits, while in Mojong and Teteaji in August, Hg levels exceeded the contamination threshold. The protein content of P. pardalis from Lake Sidenreng was relatively high, while the fat, carbohydrate, ash, and crude fiber contents were relatively low. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides new insights into the heavy metal contamination and nutritional composition of P. pardalis in Lake Sidenreng, which has not been extensively studied. The findings contribute to the assessment of the species’ potential as a food source and highlight the environmental risks associated with heavy metal accumulation

Hexa-Helix collaboration model for strengthening the maritime defense industry in eastern Indonesia: A strategic policy analysis

Background: Indonesia’s position as the world’s largest archipelagic state with vast maritime territory places it at the center of the Indo-Pacific region’s complex geopolitical dynamics. Despite abundant marine resources, eastern Indonesia still struggles with uneven infrastructure, weak surveillance, and threats such as IUU Fishing and undersea sabotage. This article examines how the Hexa-Helix Collaboration Model-expanding beyond the traditional Triple Helix-can serve as an innovative governance framework to strengthen the maritime defense industry in eastern Indonesia, ensuring balanced development and adaptive resilience. Method: The analysis employs a qualitative literature review method, synthesizing global best practices and relevant case studies. Key topics include the implementation of smart port technologies, Digital Twin shipyard modernization, cybersecurity risk management, community empowerment, and regional security strategies aligned with the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific. Results: The study finds that integrating government, military, academia, industry, local communities, and media fosters inclusive policy-making, enhances surveillance capabilities, promotes economic diversification in coastal villages, and bridges inter-agency coordination gaps. Practical recommendations include establishing a national Maritime Data Hub, adopting advanced subsea monitoring technologies, and ensuring that digital transformation aligns with human capital development. Conclusion: The Hexa-Helix Collaboration Model offers a practical, adaptive pathway for Indonesia to transform its eastern maritime regions into self-reliant defense and logistics hubs. By combining technological innovation, community participation, and evidence-based governance, Indonesia can realize its vision as a resilient Global Maritime Fulcrum amid intensifying Indo-Pacific competition. Novelty/Originality of this article:The novelty of this article lies in the application of the Hexa-Helix Collaboration Model as a governance framework for the maritime defense industry, an area rarely explored in Indonesian strategic studies. Keywords: Maritime Security, Hexa-Helix, Indo-Pacific, Smart Port, Digital Twin, IUU Fishing, Coastal Governance, Subsea Infrastructure, Indonesi

Identification of potential violations using marine spatial data as an intelligence product in Jakarta Bay waters

Background: The utilization of marine spatial data based on nautical charts, both paper charts and digital maps (ENC-Electronic Navigational Chart), is currently not only an instrument to ensure safe navigation at sea. But more than it, marine spatial data can be used more widely for maritime security purposes. The problem of violations is also something that needs to be researched, considering that there are quite a lot of security posts around the waters of Jakarta Bay.  Methods: This research uses a mix method with Delphi analysis, in order to obtain a common consensus in the use of marine spatial data to identify potential violations in the waters of Jakarta Bay. Findings: Using the concept of the physical basis of the state by Buzan, there is a connection between a region, natural resources and humans; Where each threat can be detected by threats to natural resource objects and man-made objects. This is also depicted on nautical map products which depict all objects (natural and artificial) on land and sea. Jakarta Bay is also a very important water area in the shipping system in Indonesia. Conclusionn: However, in the period from 2015 to 2023 there are various violations in the waters of Jakarta Bay, such as sand dredging without permission, marine pollution due to waste, theft of undersea cables, drug smuggling, illegal fuel ship to ship activities, pirate syndicates, smuggling of luxury goods, and theft accompanied by destruction of fish haven

Prevention of decreasing river water quality due to anthropogenic activities: A systematic review of water pollution on Cisadane River

The Cisadane River, which flows through the provinces of West Java and Banten, is severely contaminated as a result of numerous human activities, unregulated dumping of industrial and domestic waste, and growing urbanization and poor management. An important part of West Java's and Banten's overall river system is the Cisadane River Basin. An overview of the general state of Indonesia's rivers and the prevalent pollution, especially in the Cisadane River ecosystem, is provided in this review. The method used is a systematic literature review. Literature review involves collecting references from various books, documents, archives, and others related to the research focus. The data collection method in this study uses the systematic literature review (SLR) method. This review provides insights into the environmental conditions of the Cisadane River and general river conditions in Indonesia, as well as the pollution of pollutants that commonly occur in Indonesia. In summary, this review offers several important contributions by (a) identifying and discussing the characteristics of the Cisadane River and the general picture of rivers in Indonesia, (b) identifying and discussing pollutant pollution in detail from water quality parameters in relation to its physicochemical properties and its impact on water sources and usage, (c) identifying and discussing river water pollution control in Indonesia, focusing on the policies of applicable legal products, and finally, (d) suggesting directions for future research. Based on this review, policymakers can be influenced to develop sustainable strategies in preventing the decline in river water quality due to anthropogenic activities

Development of hydroponic business in coastal areas: Integration of technology with organic fertilizers for food independence

Background: As an archipelagic country, Indonesia has an extensive coastline; however, coastal areas often face challenges in vegetable availability. The limited understanding of plant cultivation among coastal communities and unfavorable environmental conditions may contribute to this issue. Hydroponic technology offers a potential solution, as it enables plant growth without soil, making fertilizer and water use more efficient. Methods: This study employs a literature review and a mini-experiment utilizing a circulating hydroponic Ebb and Flow system with sand as a substrate and rainwater as the primary water source. The system integrates liquid organic fertilizer (POC) and manure to support sustainable agriculture. This development model is implemented through a penta-helix collaboration involving the community, academics, businesses, the government, and the media. Findings: The Ebb and Flow hydroponic system has proven effective in cultivating vegetables, enhancing both the quantity and quality of vegetable production in coastal areas. However, the success of this initiative relies on penta-helix collaboration. The government plays a role in providing funding and regulatory support, academics contribute by offering training and education, business actors manage product distribution, and media—particularly online marketplaces and social media—facilitate marketing efforts. Conclusion: The Ebb and Flow hydroponic system presents a viable solution for addressing vegetable scarcity in coastal areas while also generating employment opportunities. However, further research and collaborative support from multiple stakeholders are essential to optimize its outcomes. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article proposes a hydroponic system incorporating a penta-helix approach to develop sustainable vegetable farming in coastal regions, offering a new perspective on the application of technology in areas with limited arable land

Optimization of the use of shellfish waste as a coagulant material for liquid waste from the paper industry in waste processing using the knorr method

Background: The paper industry, in its process, utilizes a large amount of water, which in turn generates liquid waste containing chemicals with the potential to pollute the environment. The negative impact of this pollution not only impacts the balance of the environmental ecosystem, but also poses a risk to human health. In addition to the paper industry's wastewater problem, another problem is the accumulation of clamshell waste around the Kenjeran coastline. Findings: Poorly managed shell waste can cause air pollution due to unpleasant odors, damage the aesthetics of the beach environment, and become a hotbed of Coli bacteria that can cause diarrheal diseases in local residents. Thus, processing clamshell waste is an attractive solution to overcome the problem of paper industry liquid waste. This study aims to utilize shell waste from Kenjeran beach, Surabaya, to produce chitosan that can be used as a coagulant in the treatment of paper industry wastewater. Methods: The processing of green mussel shell waste (Perna viridis) into chitosan was carried out in several stages, namely: preparation stage, chitin extraction stage from green mussel shells (Perna viridis), chitosan synthesis stage using the Knorr method, and the last stage is the test stage of chitosan use in liquid waste. Conclusion: The shell waste treatment process involves chitin extraction by deproteination and demineralization, followed by chitosan synthesis using the Knorr method. The resulting chitosan, with a yield of 73.7%, proved effective as a coagulant in capturing colloidal particles in the effluent and forming floc precipitation. The use of chitosan at a dose of 600 ppm showed optimal results with a decrease in concentration and turbidity of the effluent reaching 59.35%, and lowering the pH by 0.3. Novelty/Originality of this article: the problem of liquid waste from the paper industry can be overcome with an environmentally friendly approach, while shell waste on Kenjeran Beach, Surabaya can be utilized economically by being converted into chitosan

Restorasi terumbu karang: upaya mempertahankan kesehatan ekosistem laut

oai:ojs2.journal-iasssf.com:article/465Coral reefs play a crucial role in marine ecosystems, yet their high vulnerability renders them susceptible to damage. The process of coral reef recovery is time-consuming and highly complex. Coral reef degradation can significantly degrade the quality of marine ecosystems. Coral reef restoration can be achieved through various physical and biological methods. This paper discusses various coral reef restoration efforts and identifies several key causes of coral reef ecosystem damage. With a deeper understanding of these issues, it is hoped that awareness and action can be enhanced to preserve and restore coral reef health for the sustainability of marine ecosystems

Studi bahaya pencemaran tumpahan kargo curah kering akibat kecelakaan kapal (studi kasus kapal x di perairan Pulau Bawean)

Marine transportation has the potential to pose a pollution threat through ship accidents. Dangerous dry bulk cargoes carried may provide direct exposure to the marine environment. Dry bulk cargoes such as coal and iron ore are examples of dangerous dry bulk cargoes. However, current information regarding the dangers of pollution from spilled dry bulk cargo is still very limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the pollution hazard from spills of dry bulk cargo due to the X ship accident. The method used is a mixed methods descriptive analysis of hazards and socio-economic impacts. The results obtained are that the dry bulk cargo spill has an impact on marine environmental conditions, with an estimated spill distribution of 874,187km2 and there is no socio-economic impact on the community around the location