Critical success factors of the policy plan for the imposition of excise tax on packaged sugar-sweetened beverages in Indonesia based on SWOT analysis

Background: To curb the rising consumption of packaged sweetened beverages and mitigate the increasing prevalence of diabetes, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of fiscal instruments. Inspired by other countries that have successfully imposed excise taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), Indonesia, which has the fifth-highest number of diabetes cases globally, plans to implement a similar policy starting in 2023. Methods: This research employs a qualitative approach through literature studies and interviews with two employees from the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DGCE). A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis framework is applied to identify the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of the policy across three key dimensions: policy design, implementation process, and taxation institutions. Findings: The SWOT analysis highlights various internal and external factors influencing policy implementation. Strengths include government commitment and public health concerns, while weaknesses involve potential industry resistance and consumer behavior adaptation. Opportunities lie in increased public awareness and revenue generation, whereas threats include regulatory challenges and economic impacts on related industries. Conclusion: To ensure the successful implementation of SSB excise taxation, this study recommends strategic approaches for the DGCE and relevant ministries/institutions. These include refining policy frameworks, strengthening enforcement mechanisms, enhancing public education on health risks, and fostering collaboration between stakeholders. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research provides a structured analysis of the critical success factors and strategic recommendations for implementing SSB excise taxation in Indonesia, offering insights for policymakers to optimize its effectiveness in reducing sugar consumption and improving public health

Integration of cyber defense and conventional security in addressing non-military threats in the digital era

Background: The development of digital technology has transformed the landscape of threats to national security, with non-military threats, including cyberattacks, digital terrorism, and disinformation, becoming increasingly urgent. These threats have the potential to undermine social, economic, and political stability. This study aims to analyze the integration of cyber and conventional defense in strengthening national resilience against non-military threats. Method: This research employs a qualitative approach, analyzing literature and policies of national security institutions regarding non-military threats. Primary data were obtained through a literature review of journals and articles accessed via SCOPUS. The study began with brainstorming to identify topics, subthemes, and relationships between concepts. Findings: The results indicate that integrating cyber and conventional defense enhances the response to hybrid threats. Joint management of cyber and physical threats, along with sharing resources and information between agencies, enhances the effectiveness of responses to complex threats. Conclusion: This study concludes that integrating cyber and conventional defense systems is crucial for addressing threats in the digital age. Its success depends on clear policies, regulations, and strict oversight to ensure effective coordination between relevant agencies. Originality/Novelty of the Article: The article's originality lies in proposing an integrated defense model that combines conventional and cyber strategies to address hybrid threats, a topic that has not been extensively discussed in the literature

Global perspectives on institutionalizing land value capture for sustainable infrastructure planning and innovative fiscal solutions in Indonesia

Background: Indonesia faces a significant fiscal challenge in funding infrastructure development, marked by a high debt-to-GDP ratio and interest burden that consumes a large portion of the national budget. This paper examines the institutionalization of Land Value Capture (LVC) as a sustainable and equitable alternative to conventional financing. Methods: The study conducts a comparative analysis of LVC implementation models in Hong Kong, the UK, and India, reviewing existing literature and policy reports. These models, ranging from property-based schemes in Hong Kong to tax-based approaches in the UK and national policies in India, reveal how LVC can capture the increase in land value resulting from public infrastructure projects. Findings: The findings demonstrate LVC's potential to internalize the positive externalities of infrastructure development, aligning with classical economic theories and the principle of fiscal justice. By doing so, it can expand the non-tax state revenue base, reduce debt dependency, and strengthen fiscal resilience. Conclusion: This paper concludes that establishing a robust legal framework, integrating LVC with spatial planning, and fostering public-private collaboration is essential. Novelty/originality of this article: The originality of this research lies in its comprehensive comparative analysis of global LVC models, and the formulation of integrated policy recommendations specifically tailored to Indonesia's unique institutional and fiscal context

Identity politics strategy in the 2019 indonesian presidential election in the era of revolution 4.0

Background: Identity politics plays a crucial role in shaping electoral strategies, particularly among millennials who are highly active on social media. This study explores three approaches to identity politics—Primordialism (personal characteristics and political background), Constructivism (self-image and credibility), and Instrumentalism (campaign management)—to assess their influence on the chances of victory in the 2019 Indonesian presidential election. Methods: The research applied a quantitative design using questionnaires as the main instrument. Data were collected from 300 millennial respondents who were active social media users and voted in the 2019 election. Logistic regression and factor analysis were employed to analyze the effects of the three approaches on electoral success. Findings: The results reveal that self-image, credibility, and campaign management have a significant positive effect on winning chances, while political background shows a significant negative effect. Personal characteristics did not significantly influence victory. The combination of constructivist and instrumentalist strategies proved most effective, yielding a winning opportunity value of 0.92. Conversely, primordialist strategies based on ethnicity, religion, or political background reduced electoral prospects. Conclusion: Constructivist and instrumentalist approaches are the most effective identity politics strategies to appeal to millennials and social media voters. Meanwhile, reliance on primordialist factors weakens electoral chances. Effective campaign management combined with a strong candidate image and credibility provides the best formula for electoral success. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the unique electoral behavior of millennials in the digital era, showing that image construction, credibility, and campaign management outweigh traditional primordial factors. It contributes to understanding how identity politics evolves in the context of social media-driven elections in Indonesia

Leadership strategies for enhancing border security in Papua: A collaborative approach to surveillance and threat management

Background: The Papua border region faces significant security challenges due to its remote geography, limited infrastructure, and sparse monitoring resources. These issues hinder swift responses to threats, leaving the border vulnerable to criminal and smuggling activities. Effective leadership strategies that account for local wisdom and foster cross-stakeholder collaboration are essential to address these challenges. Methods: This study uses a qualitative literature review method to synthesize data from relevant studies, government reports, and security assessments. In addition to a primary analysis of previous literature, insights were gathered through the qualitative approach, including interviews and observations conducted over five years. Data collection involved triangulation through interviews with key informants and document analysis, with purposive and snowball sampling to ensure a comprehensive understanding. Findings: Findings indicate that a dual leadership style and collective decision-making approach significantly enhance border security. Engaging local stakeholders, particularly through partnerships with the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), police, and the National Border Management Agency (BNPP), creates an adaptive, sustainable security system. Infrastructure development, informed by local customs and practices, also empowers communities to participate in border monitoring. Conclusion: The combination of flexible, adaptive leadership with a collaborative strategy among central and local entities strengthens border security management in Papua. Emphasizing local participation and infrastructure improvements aligns security efforts with community needs, promoting a more integrated and responsive approach. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the importance of incorporating local cultural wisdom and multi-stakeholder collaboration in security strategies for the Papua border region. The dual leadership model, combining central and local authorities, along with active community involvement, creates a unique framework for addressing security challenges in remote and resource-limited areas

A regulated fishing policy to support food security in the marine and fisheries sector

Background: Indonesia, as the world's largest archipelagic country, holds vast marine resources crucial for national food security. However, the increasing fish consumption coupled with unsustainable fishing practices has led to overfishing, impacting marine ecosystems and food security. To address this, a measured fishing policy is essential to optimize fish harvest while ensuring marine sustainability.  Methods: This study employs a qualitative descriptive analysis method through a literature review approach. It examines concepts related to food security, the Blue Economy, and the implementation of measured fishing policies. Data are collected from scientific references, national policies, and international regulations to identify control instruments and develop comprehensive policy recommendations. Findings: The findings indicate that measured fishing, characterized by regulated fishing quotas, vessel numbers, and fishing zones, is effective in preventing overfishing while ensuring food security. The strategy includes setting quotas aligned with ecosystem capacity, managing vessel numbers, establishing integrated monitoring systems, and optimizing non-tax state revenue (PNBP). Additionally, empowering small-scale fishers and ensuring inter-sectoral synergy are crucial for sustainable fisheries management. Conclusion: Measured fishing policies significantly contribute to national food security by balancing economic growth and marine ecosystem sustainability. The implementation of this policy enhances fish resource management and supports the welfare of coastal communities. Novelty: This study offers a comprehensive framework for measured fishing policy as a strategic solution to overfishing, integrating sustainable practices with economic empowerment. It also highlights the role of Blue Economy principles in supporting Indonesia's food security and sustainable marine resource management

Integrated policy strategies for resolving separatism in Papua to achieve national security and stability

Background: Separatism in Papua has long posed significant challenges to Indonesia’s national security, social stability, and economic development. This issue arises from a range of factors, including historical grievances, ethnic disparities, economic inequality, and limited access to basic services, which perpetuate discontent among the Papuan population. Despite various governmental efforts, including military measures, special autonomy provisions, and economic development programs, the effectiveness of these approaches remains limited, often failing to address the root causes of the conflict comprehensively. Methods: This study adopts a systematic literature review approach, gathering and analyzing academic articles, government reports, and other relevant sources published within the last decade. Through a thematic analysis, we identify the primary factors contributing to separatism in Papua, assess the current governmental responses, and evaluate their impacts on social, economic, and political stability in the region. Findings: The analysis reveals that the current approaches to addressing separatism in Papua are fragmented and sectoral, often leading to an overlap of roles among security forces and tensions between authorities and civilians. While economic and social policies aim to improve conditions, significant obstacles remain, including challenging geography, limited infrastructure, and budgetary constraints. A holistic strategy that integrates political, economic, security, legal, human rights, and diplomatic perspectives is essential to foster sustainable peace and development in Papua. Conclusion: A comprehensive policy framework that includes effective special autonomy, inclusive economic development, human rights protection, and international diplomacy is crucial to mitigating the separatist threat in Papua. Such a framework requires coordinated roles among local leaders, law enforcement, and the community to create culturally aligned solutions and prevent future conflict. Novelty/Originality of this article: By synthesizing recent literature and identifying gaps in current policies, this research contributes a novel perspective that highlights the importance of balanced, cohesive policy actions for resolving complex socio-political issues. 

Strengthening national resilience through integration of public policy and defense strategy in border regions

Background: Border area management plays a strategic role in maintaining sovereignty, national stability, and public welfare. Indonesia's complex border areas are vulnerable to various threats, such as cross-border crime, illegal migration, and resource conflicts. Methods: This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a library research method to examine public policies and national defense strategies in managing Indonesia's border areas. Through a multidimensional approach, the discussion includes integration between security, economic development, diplomacy, and technology aspects, including the use of artificial intelligence-based technology, satellite surveillance systems, and blockchain. Findings: The results of the analysis show that successful border management requires synergy between institutions, strengthening human resource capacity, and implementing policies that are adaptive to geopolitical dynamics and climate change. Conclusion: A holistic approach that is oriented towards welfare and security is key to building border areas as the vanguard of defense as well as the center of national economic growth. Novelty/Originality of this Article: Defense strategies are directed at involving local communities and cross-country cooperation as part of a national resilience paradigm based on total defense

Transformasi aktivisme digital menuju aktivisme riil: Kajian atas garuda biru dan unjuk rasa 22 Agustus 2024

Introduction: Digital activism is one of the faces of democracy, especially as a reflection of participation. Social media flooded with 'emergency warning' Garuda Biru Pictures on a navy-blue background after Parliament/House rejects Court Decision on August 21, 2024. It reflected democracy that was in turmoil and transitioning to real social activism, namely a demonstration at the Parliament Digital activism is one of the faces of democracy, especially as a reflection of participation. Social media flooded with 'emergency warning' Garuda Biru Pictures on a navy-blue background after Parliament/House rejects Court Decision on August 21, 2024. It reflected democracy that was in turmoil and transitioning to real social activism, namely a demonstration at the House the next day. In the context of democracy, this reflects awareness and resistance of the planned the Constitutional Court's (MK) legal ruling. This study aims to reveal the content of messages on social media about how netizens interpret democracy. Second is how the interpretation turns into demonstration activism. Methods: A qualitative approach is used to describe the two main objectives of the study by exploring them through text observations on several X Twitter accounts for the period August 21-24, 2024, supported by interviews with two informants who are experts in the field of democracy and digital activism as a way of triangulating data and methods. Finding: The results of the study show that digital activism is a form of active participation in interpreting democracy in daily life. Social media showed as the effective channel for expressing meaning and disappointment regarding democratic practices. Second, digital activism can transform into real activism when there are several prerequisites, first there is a disillusionment towards the weakening of democracy, Cumulative disillusionment becomes the driving force of real activism. And social media becomes a channel to mobilize netizens to move to uphold democracy in overseeing. And there is a sequential historical moment that harmed the nation. Conclusion: The conclusion is democracy interpreted as freedom of expression including carrying out effective mobilization for real activism demonstrations and has an impact on efforts to save democracy by cancelling the DPR's plan to withdraw the Constitutional Court's decision. The change of a digital activism into a real-tangible activism occurs when there is a disillusionment and a historical moment that makes many people aware that the nation is being harmed

Simulasi arena kantor pelayanan perpajakan (KPP) pratama Jakarta Kebon Jeruk Satu: analisis sistem perpajakan dalam antrian layanan selama pandemi covid-19

Pendahuluan: Pandemi Covid-19 berperngaruh pada sistem pelayanan yang terjadi pada KPP Pratama Kebon Jeruk Satu Jakarta. Sistem pelayanan yang diberlakukan adalah pelayan terbatas, khususnya pada sistem antrian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari perubahan sistem pelayanan ruang publik, khususnya pada karakteristik sistem antrian, lama waktu tunggu pelanggan, dan faktor dari kebijakan yang diberlakukan. Metode: Kolaborasi dua metode penelitian digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif yang didasarkan pada sistem waawancara, observasi, kumpulan data sekunder. Penelitian juga memberlakukan adanya simulasi yang menggunakan software arena. Temuan: Hasil temuan analisis ditemukan melalui diagram fishbone, yang menunjukkan terkait empat strategi alternatif mengenai waktu tunggu pelayanan perpajakan. Empat strategi ini berkaitan dengan alternatif perbaikan lokasi pelayanan, alternatif penambahan petugas lapangan, efisisensi waktu kerja, dan pembaharuan proses kerja setiap petugas lapangan. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut diketahui pentingnya strategi dalam perbaikan sistem pelayanan, khususnya perpajakan di Indonesia. Perbaikan sistem melalui simulasi arena didapati hasil adanya efisiensi waktu tunggu melalui penurunan sebesar 50% pada kategori produktivitas & kualitas, 45,7%, pada kategori orang, lalu kategori tempat sebesar 40,7%, dan kategori proses sebesar 24,9%