Assessing the feasibility of carbon tax implementation: Policy, economic, and administrative challenges

Background: This study aims to find and explain the feasibility of implementing a carbon tax in Indonesia. Carbon tax is a complex policy instrument because it includes aspects of taxation, environment, and scientific knowledge related to carbon emissions. Method:This study uses a qualitative approach through literature study and in-depth interviews to analyze the feasibility of a carbon tax based on the principles of good tax policy. Findings: Based on the analysis of four main aspects of tax policy—fairness, economic efficiency, administration, and coherence—carbon tax still faces obstacles in administrative implementation. The main challenges lie in the limited public knowledge of carbon tax and the unpreparedness of the administrative system in managing taxes that involve environmental and scientific factors. In addition, not all people have or use carbon tax objects, such as electricity, so its implementation can cause injustice. Conclusion: The implementation of a carbon tax can have negative impacts if not accompanied by adequate mitigation. One of them is the potential for an increase in the price of essential commodities, such as electricity tariffs, which can burden the community and industry. Therefore, community readiness, mitigation of economic impacts, and readiness of the administrative system and human resources are crucial factors before a carbon tax can be implemented effectively in Indonesia. Novelty/Originality of This Article: This study highlights the administrative challenges in implementing carbon tax in Indonesia with a focus on community readiness, economic impacts, and the integration of tax policy with environmental and scientific aspects, which have been rarely discussed before

Unlocking renewable energy potential: Overcoming barriers and accelerating the transition

Background: Indonesia's energy transition is driven by increasing energy demands, economic growth, and the urgent need to mitigate climate change. Despite being endowed with abundant renewable energy resources, the country faces significant challenges in shifting from a fossil-fuel-dominated energy mix to a more sustainable one. While Indonesia has vast potential in solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal, and ocean energy, the adoption of renewable energy remains limited. This paper seeks to understand the barriers hindering renewable energy development in Indonesia and identify opportunities to accelerate the transition. Methods: This study uses Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with the PRISMA protocol to analyze renewable energy in Indonesia, using sources from Google Scholar and Science Direct. Literature selection based on relevance, quality, and recency, resulted in 37 publications that were analyzed narratively to identify challenges, developments, and potential of renewable energy in Indonesia. Findings: The results reveal that Indonesia’s renewable energy utilization is significantly below its potential, contributing less than 10% to the energy mix. Major barriers include economic feasibility concerns, regulatory and policy inconsistencies, insufficient financial and technical support, and a heavy reliance on coal. Additionally, the study highlights substantial renewable energy resources available, such as the 443 GW potential from various sources, which remain largely untapped. Conclusion: Achieving Indonesia's renewable energy targets requires addressing these barriers through clear and consistent policies, improved regulatory frameworks, and enhanced financial and technical support. The study suggests leveraging the country’s geographical advantages and diverse renewable resources to significantly contribute to a sustainable energy future. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of Indonesia’s renewable energy challenges and opportunities using a systematic approach. By quantifying the untapped 443 GW potential and identifying specific barriers, it offers insights into strategic policy measures and investment directions to accelerate the country’s transition to sustainable energy

Community-driven strategies for sustainable resource management, pollution control, and renewable energy transition in the Asia-Pacific

Background: Environmental degradation in the Asia-Pacific region, driven by rapid urbanization, deforestation, overfishing, and unsustainable resource use, threatens biodiversity and local livelihoods. Community-based Conservation (CBC) initiatives play a crucial role in addressing these challenges while advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities), and SDG 14 (life below water). Methods: This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to analyze the contribution of local communities to sustainable development in Asia-Pacific, focusing on air conservation, renewable energy, urban aspirations, and marine conservation. Data were obtained from verified journals and reports (2011–2023), analyzed thematically to identify challenges, successful strategies, and opportunities in community-based initiatives. Findings: CBC initiatives have demonstrated success in improving environmental conditions and socio-economic well-being. Local communities effectively leverage their ecological knowledge to implement conservation strategies, leading to better resource management and ecosystem restoration. However, financial and technical constraints remain key challenges to the scalability and long-term sustainability of these projects. Conclusion: Addressing financial and technical barriers is essential for expanding CBC initiatives. Strengthening policy integration and multi-level governance—through collaboration between local communities, national governments, and international organizations—can enhance institutionalization and long-term sustainability. These efforts are critical for promoting resilience against climate change and other environmental threats in the Asia-Pacific region. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the intersection of traditional ecological knowledge and modern conservation strategies in CBC initiatives. It underscores the importance of policy integration and multi-level governance in ensuring the success and scalability of community-driven conservation efforts, contributing to sustainable development and climate resilience in the Asia-Pacific region

Energy landscape: Petroleum utilization prospects amid global energy transition dynamics

Background: Petroleum has played a critical role in supporting industrialization and global economic growth since the Industrial Revolution. It has not only been the foundation of many economies, particularly transportation and industry, but it remains so today. However, the environmental impacts of petroleum use have become a global concern, prompting a shift to renewable energy. Methods: This study uses a qualitative approach with literature review and descriptive analysis to examine the prospects for petroleum use in Indonesia in the energy transition. Data were obtained from academic journals, government reports, and environmental studies to illuminate patterns of petroleum use, renewable energy developments, and their impacts on energy security and future policies. Findings: Indonesia has large potential for renewable energy sources such as hydropower, geothermal energy, and bioenergy, but their utilization is still minimal. Around 90% of this renewable energy potential has not been utilized. For example, hydropower, geothermal energy, and bioenergy which are environmentally friendly and capable of producing significant energy have not been fully developed. The biggest challenge in the transition to renewable energy lies in changing public perception, as many people still rely on fossil fuels. In addition, the Indonesian government faces the task of building infrastructure that is evenly distributed throughout the country. Conclusion: A proactive and gradual approach is needed to engage the public in renewable energy development and to raise awareness of its long-term benefits. Reducing dependence on petroleum requires strong policies, investment in renewable infrastructure, and public participation in the energy transition process. Novelty/Originality of this article: Unlike previous studies that have focused primarily on energy security and policy frameworks, this study emphasizes the importance of public perception and infrastructure readiness in supporting a successful transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy

Bridging the socioeconomic divide: Unveiling the impact of energy transition on communities

Background: This study focuses on Indonesia’s energy transition, a shift from non-renewable to renewable energy sources aimed at reducing environmental impacts and promoting socioeconomic benefits. The transition’s effect on energy consumption, employment, and public support is analyzed, with particular attention to challenges in remote areas. Method: This study uses a qualitative approach with Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to analyze the energy transition in Indonesia based on 24 journals and government regulations. The analysis was conducted using the Driving Forces – Pressures – State – Impacts – Responses (DPSIR) framework, which links social, economic, and environmental factors to provide impacts and responses to the energy transition. Findings: The energy transition has significant socioeconomic impacts, such as increased public awareness of renewable energy's importance. Notable changes include rising energy consumption in industrial and construction sectors, job creation with around 400,000 new opportunities in renewable energy, and growing interest in electric vehicles and rooftop solar panels. However, challenges related to cost, infrastructure, and technology reliability remain. Public support for energy transition initiatives exceeds 80%. Conclusion: Achieving a successful energy transition requires collaborative efforts from all stakeholders, addressing both the opportunities and challenges to ensure sustainable energy resources and positive socioeconomic outcomes. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of energy transition on socioeconomic conditions, highlighting the increasing public support for renewable energy and its impact on job creation, energy consumption, and behavioral changes, which have not been extensively explored in existing literature

Potensi polisakarida xanthan dari fermentasi xanthomonas campestris sebagai pengembangan edible film dalam perlindungan struktur daging mentah

Background: Meat is one of the important food sources to meet nutritional needs, especially protein. Improper storage of meat can cause microbes that cause meat to rot quickly. Findings: In the Indonesian food industry, meat storage generally still uses synthetic polymer plastic that is difficult to decompose by soil microbes and can pollute the environment. The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to overcome problems in the food industry, especially in the quality of raw meat that is easily rotten due to improper packaging. Methods: The method of writing this paper is by conducting a literature search from data and information contained in books, scientific journals, and several libraries that can be used as relevant sources. Data and information are taken by collecting data as reference materials and analysis, then the information is processed using a descriptive analysis method based on secondary data to be developed into a unified material so that a solution and conclusion can be obtained. In this era of industry 5.0, edible film based on xanthan polysaccharide (Xanthomonas campestris) will be very effective, solution-oriented, and help Indonesia in overcoming problems in the food industry. Conclusion: The development of edible film based on xanthan polysaccharide (Xanthomonas campestris) will create an innovation in food packaging that can maintain the quality of raw meat and is environmentally friendly. The next step is to disseminate information to the public regarding environmentally friendly plastic substitute products as raw meat packaging

Risk management: Clean water crisis mitigation efforts in Indonesia with rain water harvesting and reverse osmosis innovations

Background: Water is an important component for living things on earth, so water cannot be separated from human life. This is because the human component consists of 70% water in it. The increase in population and polluted water sources has caused humans to experience a clean water crisis, thereby hampering human socioeconomic life on earth. Findings: Considering that Indonesia has a fairly high rainfall, namely 2,702 mm3 per year, and has polluted water sources and a large sea area, the innovative idea of using rainwater harvesting and reverse osmosis is a solution to overcome problems and be able to overcome the risk of a clean water crisis in the future. front. Discussing the clean water crisis in Indonesia, the area that has this problem is one of the DKI Jakarta areas, namely, Muara Angke, Pluit, and North Jakarta. Methods: In writing this idea, systematic literature reviews and article reviews were used. The systematic method of the literature review is collecting metadata obtained according to the journal database via https://scholar.google.com/ and visualizing it using VOSviewer. This is intended to show research trends regarding clean water technology. Conclusion: Three blocks have a water shortage crisis, namely the Waste Block, the Eceng Block, and the Empang Block. The scarcity of clean water in this area is caused by illegal land issues which makes it difficult to obtain permits for piping systems from the PDAM and the contamination of springs due to the influence of geographical location. The implementation of this technology is considered quite simple in the community so it can be a solution to the clean water crisis problem.Of course, the treated water is expected to meet the parameters of clean water, namely the Ministry of Health Regulation Number 32 of 2017 concerning sanitation water and the Ministry of Health Regulation Number 492 of 2010 concerning drinking water quality standards. So that the water can be utilized by the people of Indonesia

Arah pembangunan energi terbarukan di Indonesia pada era presiden Joko Widodo

Background: Indonesia has a large amount of renewable energy, but not very wide. This research aims to study the development of renewable energy under the leadership of Joko Widodo. Methods: They are qualitative methods using qualitative methods, conducted through literature analysis and literature research. Findings: President Joko Widodo announced a series of rules on renewable energy, namely the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources (ESDM). Revising the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Kemen ESDM) regulations. The Ministry of Energy made provisions for renewable energy use in May 2018. This is the presidential decision 3912/2018 as amended by the Ministry of Energy and Resources regulations. A study on the implementation of physical activities in the fields of renewable energy use and energy conservation, September 17, 2017. Conclusion: On the 22nd, it was the National Energy Master Plan (RUEN). Some of these rules are based on national energy policy (KEN) and statutory numbers. It was published on June 30, 2006. Renewable energy development (RET) is one of the President's priorities to ensure the safety and sustainability of the country's energy. In this early stage, the Joko Widodo government has made considerable efforts to develop BSE while studying policies and implementation

Reducing greenhouse gases through green industry: Indonesia's commitment with WHRPG technology in the cement industry sector

Background: Infrastructure development is a one aspect of measuring the progress of a country. Unfortunately, the process of making cement as one of the main raw materials requires a lot of energy and pr produces exhaust gases which can increase the potential for greenhouse gases. In line with the government's desire to, independently reduce around 29% CO2-equivalent. So with this, the industrial sector is committed to reducing GHG from three emission sources, namely energy, industrial processes and product use as well as industrial waste management. With the Waste Heat Recovery Power Generation (WHRPG) technology, production costs can save IDR 120 billion per year. Where this breakthrough utilizes residual exhaust gas from cement production to save energy use in cement production. It also has the potential to reduce GHG from the remaining production gas. The cement industry generally requires an efficient amount of energy in production, around 50% of production costs come from energy purchases. The objectives of this research are to study the effective and more efficient energy for cement production with WHRPG. Methods: The study method in writing is a literature review. Findings: With Waste Heat Recovery Power Generation (WHRPG) technology, IDR 120 billion per year can save production costs. Where this breakthrough utilizes the remaining exhaust gas from cement production to save energy use in cement production. It also has the potential to reduce GHG from the remaining production gas. Conclusion: Increased costs in energy use and contributors to global warming emissions are the basic foundations in developing energy systems to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. With that, the use of WHRPG is an alternative solution by striving for operational efficiency and reducing exhaust emissions so that it is more environmentally friendly. Where WHRPG utilizes the exhaust gas of cement production

Katalis bimetalk CuCo/AI203 dalam reaksi hidrolisis sodium borohydride sebagai reaksi penghasil hidrogen

Background: Sodium Borohydrida is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaBH4, this compound is soluble in alcohol and some ether has not been added to air into hydrogen gas containing a catalyst. Findings: In this way it can be produced safely for fuel cells. Methods: Producing catalytically H2 from solution, NaBH4 has gained many advantages, NaBH4 is not flammable, environmentally friendly reaction products, the rate of generation of H2 is easily controlled, H2 can be produced at low temperatures. Conclusion: The catalyst used in the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride is Cu and Co which acts as a heterogeneous catalyst. The limited surface area of heterogeneous catalysts causes lower catalytic activity because catalyst activity is directly related to its surface area. Thus, the use of Cu and Co with large surfaces provides a potential route for increasing catalytic activity. For this reason, we use CuCo / Al2O3 as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride