Environmental nursing practices as a solution for reducing exposure to environmental hazards

Background: This literature review investigates nursing interventions aimed at reducing exposure to environmental hazards. Environmental hazards, such as chemical exposure, pollution, and toxins, have significant adverse effects on both human health and ecosystems, necessitating effective intervention strategies. Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching three major databases—PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge—using specific keywords related to environmental hazards, settings, health impacts, and nursing interventions. It synthesizes findings from studies published between 2020 and 2025, focusing on environmental health, exposure prevention, risk assessment, and health education.  The selection of papers adhered to the PRISMA guidelines to ensure comprehensive coverage of relevant literature. Results: The review highlights the widespread impact of environmental hazards, including pollutants like PFAS, pesticides, and microplastics, which contribute to health issues such as respiratory diseases, developmental disorders, and cancer. Additionally, studies reveal the importance of environmental nursing in managing these risks, with interventions such as admission screenings for infections like Candida auris and the integration of experiential learning in health curricula to enhance community health education. Community health nursing and health education play pivotal roles in promoting awareness and preventing diseases by targeting social and environmental determinants of health. Conclusion: This review underscores the importance of multi-faceted nursing interventions in addressing environmental health risks. Findings demonstrate the critical role of nurses in both direct healthcare and community education efforts to mitigate environmental hazards. Moving forward, comprehensive risk assessment and community-based approaches should be prioritized to reduce health disparities and enhance public health outcomes. Novelty/Originality of this article: The implications of this research suggest that enhancing nursing education on environmental health and integrating evidence-based interventions into healthcare practices will be crucial for effective mitigation of environmental risks and promotion of long-term health improvements

Transforming organic waste into compost: An integrative approach to sustainable agriculture

Background: Pangkajene and Islands Regency (Pangkep) has a unique geographical character that combines the karst foothills of Pangkep–Maros with a cluster of islands in the Makassar Strait. This condition has given rise to an economy based on agriculture, fisheries, and industry, but on the other hand, it has also created waste management issues, particularly with regard to organic waste from households and traditional markets, which has the potential to cause odours, leachate, and greenhouse gas emissions if not managed properly. Method: The study used a descriptive-exploratory qualitative approach with an embedded case study. The main "case" was the ecosystem of organic waste utilisation for compost in Pangkep. Findings: This study shows that organic waste is still the dominant fraction in Pangkep Regency, but its management is not yet optimal, causing environmental problems such as odour, leachate, and potential greenhouse gas emissions. Conclusion: This study confirms that organic waste in Pangkep Regency has great potential to be processed into compost, but its utilisation is still far from optimal. Novelty/Originality of this article: The originality or uniqueness of this article lies in its focus, which not only discusses organic waste management as an environmental issue, but also directly links it to the needs of sustainable agriculture in Pangkep Regency. This article presents an integrative approach by combining the potential of municipal waste and rice straw as compost raw materials, while also assessing product quality based on the SNI 7763:2018/2024 standard

The implementation of public sanitation policies to improve environmental health in urban communities

Background: Although sanitation policies have been implemented in many areas, there are still many challenges, such as limited infrastructure, lack of public awareness, and limited budgets for adequate sanitation management. Pangkep Regency, with its growing population, faces serious sanitation problems, especially in urban areas and densely populated neighbourhoods. Methods: This qualitative study aims to explore in depth the perceptions of the community and policy makers regarding the implementation of public sanitation policies and their impact on environmental health in urban areas of Pangkep Regency. Findings: The findings of this study show that although sanitation policies have been implemented in Pangkep Regency, their implementation still faces various obstacles. As many as 40% of sanitation facilities in urban areas do not meet hygiene and safety standards, while 60% of sanitation facilities in densely populated neighbourhoods experience problems in managing liquid waste and garbage, which has the potential to pollute the environment. Conclusion: Some of the main problems found are limited sanitation infrastructure, lack of public awareness, and limited funds, which affect the success of sanitation policies. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article focuses on sanitation conditions in Pangkep Regency, directly analysing the obstacles, impacts, and challenges of sanitation policies in urban areas and densely populated neighbourhoods. This study highlights the importance of adequate sanitation infrastructure in the success of policies and links the lack of proper sanitation facilities to the high prevalence of sanitation-related diseases

EcoMoronene: A local wisdom-based conservation learning model to address environmental degradation

Background: Environmental degradation caused by artisanal and small-scale gold mining in Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi, presents serious ecological and public health risks, including mercury and arsenic contamination. Previous studies highlight the importance of culturally grounded education in promoting sustainable conservation practices, yet few have tested the validity and reliability of instruments designed to measure learning outcomes in this context. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the EcoMoronene Initiative, an educational model that integrates Moronene local wisdom—such as sacred forest stewardship, water resource protection, and biodiversity conservation—into youth-based conservation learning. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre–post control design was applied with 80 participants divided equally into an experimental group, which received the EcoMoronene module, and a control group, which followed regular activities. Data were collected through a knowledge–attitude questionnaire, a conservation behavior rubric, and observation, then analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, Cronbach’s alpha, and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings: Findings revealed significant improvements in the experimental group’s knowledge (mean increase from 6.2 to 8.5, p = 0.001), alongside positive shifts in attitudes and behaviors, while the control group showed negligible changes. Reliability analysis confirmed strong internal consistency (α = 0.86 for the Knowledge–Attitude questionnaire; α = 0.83 for the Behavior rubric), and validity was supported by good model fit indices (χ²/df = 1.8, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.05). These results demonstrate that embedding local wisdom into conservation education enhances motivation, cultural identity, and pro-environmental actions among youth. Conclusion: research study that distinguish it from previous work. It includes unique contributions, new methods, or findings that have not been explored before in the field. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study uniquely integrates Moronene local wisdom into conservation education, validating reliable instruments and demonstrating significant improvements in youth knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, distinguishing it from prior research in environmental education

Analysis of heavy metal (Cd, Hg, Fe) contamination in canal water as an environmental challenge

Background: This study aims to determine the quality of water channels close to rice fields and houses that produce domestic and agricultural waste based on heavy metal contamination. Method: Water sampling was carried out directly at the research location and tested at the UPTD Regional Health Laboratory of Gorontalo Province. The sampling points amounted to three points, namely station I, station II, and station III. The water quality parameters analyzed included heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Fe), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and temperature. Results: The results of Cd heavy metal concentrations at each point were station I (0 mg/L), station II (0 mg/L), and station III (0 mg/L). Heavy metal Hg was recorded at station I (0.0038 mg/L), station II (0.00185 mg/L), and station III (0 mg/L). Fe heavy metal concentrations were station I (1.20685 mg/L), station II (1.0082 mg/L), and station III (0.4 mg/L). The pH value in Tamalate canal water remained stable at around 7, with station I (7.3), station II (7.4), and station III (7.3). The DO values were station I (82.7 mg/L), station II (85.1 mg/L), and station III (81.7 mg/L). The BOD values were station I (55.35 mg/L), station II (51.85 mg/L), and station III (57.05 mg/L). The COD values were station I (110.5 mg/L), station II (109.5 mg/L), and station III (119.5 mg/L). The temperature measurements were station I (30.95℃), station II (29.35℃), and station III (30.2℃). Conclusion: The distribution of heavy metals in canal water is quite varied due to the influence of environmental conditions and activities around the Tamalate canal, resulting in uneven distribution. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a detailed assessment of heavy metal contamination using multiple water quality indicators. It highlights the influence of surrounding land use, including domestic and agricultural activities, on metal distribution and overall water quality

Integration of clean and healthy living behavior and home environment: A holistic approach to controlling pulmonary tuberculosis

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease that remains a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. One of the contributing factors to the high transmission rate of pulmonary TB is the low implementation of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior, as well as poor household environmental conditions that do not meet health standards. This study aimed to determine the correlation between clean and healthy living behavior and the condition of the home environment among pulmonary TB patients at Puskesmas Gattareng, Bulukumba Regency. Methods: This research employed a descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 38 respondents selected through simple random sampling from a total population of 42 patients. Data were collected using a clean and healthy living behavior questionnaire adapted from Alpul Laely and a healthy house assessment instrument based on criteria from the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Spearman Rho test at a significance level of α = 0.05. Findings: The findings showed that most TB patients had a moderate level of clean and healthy living behavior (39.2%) and lived in unhealthy homes (57.9%). The statistical test revealed a strong correlation between clean and healthy living behavior and the condition of the home environment among TB patients (ρ = 0.01; r = 0.772). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between clean and healthy living behavior and the condition of the home environment of pulmonary TB patients. Improving clean and healthy living behavior and housing conditions plays a crucial role in TB control efforts within the community. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in linking clean and healthy living behavior with home environment conditions among pulmonary TB patients

Sustainable recovery strategies for ecosystem restoration and conservation post-ASGM

Background: Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) has significantly contributed to environmental degradation, including deforestation, soil erosion, water pollution, and mercury contamination. This literature review explores sustainable recovery strategies, highlighting successful restoration efforts, challenges, and policy gaps. Method: The study examines existing literature on post-ASGM restoration efforts, focusing on community-led rehabilitation programs, technological innovations, and policy interventions. Data were collected from peer-reviewed journals, policy reports, and case studies to identify key trends, challenges, and best practices in ecosystem recovery. Results: Community involvement plays a crucial role in rehabilitation programs, with local-led reforestation, land reclamation, and sustainable livelihood initiatives demonstrating positive environmental and socioeconomic outcomes. Strengthening community participation through capacity-building, incentives, and participatory governance is essential for long-term success. Technological innovations have significantly contributed to mitigating ASGM-related environmental damage. Mercury-free gold extraction methods, bioremediation, and remote sensing techniques have improved restoration efforts, yet their accessibility remains a challenge in ASGM-affected regions. Increased investment in technology transfer and research collaboration is needed to bridge this gap. Additionally, integrating traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) with modern restoration strategies enhances environmental sustainability while respecting local cultural practices. Despite its potential, TEK is often overlooked in policy frameworks, limiting its broader application. Conclusion: The review identifies policy gaps in existing governance structures, emphasizing the need for stronger enforcement, financial mechanisms, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Ensuring a balance between conservation goals and local livelihoods requires sustainable economic alternatives such as agroforestry, ecotourism, and responsible mining practices. Collaborative efforts among governments, NGOs, private sectors, and local communities are crucial to fostering long-term ecosystem recovery. Novelty/Originality of this article: This review provides valuable insights for policymakers, environmental organizations, and researchers working towards sustainable ecosystem recovery post-ASGM. It highlights the integration of TEK with scientific approaches, the role of technological innovations in restoration, and the necessity of participatory governance

The impact of adolescent marriage on child stunting: Socio-cultural dynamics and policy implications in rural communities

Background: Early marriage often involves partners who are socially and emotionally immature, leading to significant negative consequences. These consequences include an increased risk of domestic violence, divorce, poverty, stunting in children, and cultural deviation. The phenomenon impacts the quality of life of individuals, family welfare, and societal development. Method: This descriptive study was conducted with 114 participants, who were surveyed using a random sampling technique. The survey targeted 101 households in Pappalluang Village. Data were collected through interviews to gather insights on the prevalence of early marriage in the village. Findings: The study revealed that early marriage is highly prevalent among teenagers in Pappalluang Village. The main factors contributing to early marriages include family pressure, economic challenges, a desire to preserve the family’s reputation, and local community traditions. Conclusion: Early marriage in Pappalluang Village is significantly influenced by social and cultural factors. Addressing the issues of family pressure, economic struggles, and traditions is crucial in reducing early marriages and their negative consequences on individuals, families, and the broader community. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the specific socio-cultural dynamics of early marriage in Pappalluang Village, offering unique insights into the interplay between family pressure, economic conditions, and local traditions. It provides a localized perspective that can inform targeted interventions in similar communities

The relationship between eating habits and psychological stress levels with the incidence of gastritis in adolescents: An approach based on the DASS-42 scale

Background: One of the conditions frequently seen in hospitalized patients is gastritis, which is an inflammation of the stomach mucosa that can be either acute or chronic. High levels of stress and an improper diet are the main causes of gastritis. More research is required to determine the reasons linked to the occurrence of gastritis in adolescents, as the prevalence of the condition has dramatically grown in the Moncongloe Community Health Center operating area. Method: This study employs a cross-sectional design and a quantitative methodology. Using an accidental sampling technique, 58 respondents made up the sample. A questionnaire covering diet, stress measured by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42), and the prevalence of gastritis was used to gather data. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-square test with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: According to the study's findings, teenagers with gastritis were more likely to have poor eating habits (56.8%). While the association between diet and the incidence of gastritis was not statistically significant (p = 0.051), statistical testing revealed a significant relationship between stress levels and the condition (p = 0.042). Conclusion: Stress levels and the prevalence of gastritis in teenagers in the Moncongloe Community Health Center's service area are significantly correlated. Even though there is no statistically significant correlation between diet and gastritis, teenagers who suffer from gastritis are more likely to eat poorly. In order to lower the incidence of gastritis in teenagers, this study highlights the need of stress management and instruction on appropriate eating habits. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the importance of psychological factors, particularly stress, in the occurrence of gastritis in adolescents, which has rarely been the main focus in similar studies. In addition, the use of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) to measure stress in the context of adolescent gastritis provides a more quantitative approach than previous studies

Interactive nutrition education for pregnant women: Strengthening maternal health and environmental sustainability in stunting prevention

Background: Pregnancy is a critical period that determines both maternal and child health while influencing household food choices and environmental sustainability. Limited nutrition literacy during pregnancy not only increases the risk of malnutrition and stunting but also perpetuates unsustainable dietary practices that burden local ecosystems. This study aims to optimise pregnant women’s nutrition understanding through interactive education programmes that strengthen maternal health and promote environmentally sustainable practices. By emphasising balanced nutrition, positive attitudes, and the use of local food resources, the programme seeks to prevent stunting while reducing ecological impact. Method: A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design was employed with 50 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. The intervention consisted of animated educational videos, interactive simulations on sustainable food choices, quiz-based learning, and guided group discussions with health workers. Findings: Findings demonstrated a significant improvement in nutrition knowledge among the intervention group compared to the control group (Δ = 2.96 vs 0.4; p < 0.001). Beyond knowledge, participants reported greater awareness of the benefits of local, environmentally friendly food consumption patterns as part of stunting prevention efforts. Conclusion: Interactive education effectively enhances maternal nutritional literacy while integrating environmental sustainability into dietary behaviour. This dual benefit highlights the potential of participatory, eco-conscious educational models to improve maternal and child health outcomes while fostering sustainable food systems at the community level. Future researchers can compare various other education methods, such as digital-based education or a combination of conventional and interactive education, to determine the most effective approach in increasing mothers' knowledge and behavioural change in stunting prevention. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study uniquely integrates maternal nutrition education with environmental sustainability, using interactive, eco-conscious methods to simultaneously prevent stunting and promote sustainable dietary practices