Health risk assessment of indoor air quality and its association with sick building syndrome symptoms among workers

Background: Poor indoor air quality can harm human health. A closed indoor work environment and an inadequate ventilation system can increase the risk of sick building syndrome symptoms. This study aims to analyze the most significant risk factors with symptoms of sick building syndrome in workers at PT X. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional study design, and the data was processed with the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression tests with a sample of all production area workers at PT X. A total of 91 workers included in this study. Carbon monoxide, temperature, humidity, PM10 and formaldehyde were measured using a particle counter and wind speed was measured using an anemometer. Measurements were taken at 17 different points. Findings: The results showed that 85 out of 91 workers (93.4%) experienced symptoms of sick building syndrome. There is a relationship between temperature (p-value=0.013) and wind speed (p-value=0.031) symptoms of sick building syndrome. The most dominant variable is the formaldehyde (POR=0.457). Conclusion: It is concluded that the variables associated with symptoms of sick building syndrome are temperature and wind speed, with formaldehyde being the most dominant. The company is advised to monitor indoor air quality regularly and improve the ventilation system at the production area. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study provides valuable insights into the relationship between environmental factors such as temperature, wind speed, and formaldehyde with sick building syndrome symptoms in a production environment, highlighting the need for regular indoor air quality monitoring and improved ventilation systems to safeguard worker health

Multifactorial analysis of diarrhea in children: Economic, environmental, and behavioral perspectives

Background: Diarrhea is a common illness among children, particularly in areas with inadequate environmental sanitation. This study seeks to examine the impact of economic status, environmental sanitation conditions, and defecation habits on the occurrence of diarrhea in children aged 5 to 11 years. Methods: The study employs an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach and includes 96 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate methods, bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Findings: The findings revealed (1) a significant association between economic status and diarrhea incidence (p = 0.001); (2) a significant link between environmental sanitation and diarrhea cases (p = 0.000); (3) a notable relationship between defecation behavior and diarrhea incidence (p = 0.003); and a multivariate analysis confirmed a significant relationship between economic status, environmental sanitation, and defecation patterns with a p-value of 0.036. Conclusion: The goal is to gain deeper insights into the contributing factors of diarrhea and to support prevention and treatment strategies through economic development, sanitation awareness, and the promotion of healthy living. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study offers an integrative analysis of economic, environmental, and behavioral factors affecting diarrhea in children, providing data-driven evidence to inform multifaceted public health interventions in sanitation-deficient areas

The relationship between host behavior and environmental sanitation with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers

Background: Diarrhea is a disease transmitted through water and is a major problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship between host behavior and environmental sanitation with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in the working area of the Makrayu Health Center, Palembang City. Methods: This quantitative research uses a cross-sectional design with a total sample of 68 toddlers. Data analysis was performed univariately, bivariate using chi-square and multivariate multiple logistic regression prediction models. Findings: Based on data from the Makrayu Community Health Center, Palembang City, 2022, the prevalence of diarrhea in toddlers is 28.9%. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the most significant variable on the incidence of diarrhea in children under five was the habit of washing hands (p-value 0.012) after controlling for the variables of processing, provision, and serving of food, quality of latrines, and waste disposal facilities. Host behavior and poor environmental sanitation can cause rapid transmission of diarrhea. Therefore, people are advised to pay attention to small things with big meanings by always practicing a clean and healthy life to avoid germs that cause disease. Conclusion: The analysis results show a relationship between the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers and food processing, provision and serving, hand washing habits, and garbage disposal facilities. In contrast, the source of clean water, latrines' quality, and garbage disposal have no significant relationship with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in the work area. Makrayu Health Center Palembang City. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study uniquely identifies handwashing behavior as the most influential factor in toddler diarrhea incidence after controlling for key environmental sanitation variables

EmoTrack headset and smart application: An integrated solution for emotional regulation and mental health support in Indonesia’s 5.0 modernization era

Background: Mental health issues are increasingly prevalent in Indonesia, with limited resources, social stigma, and insufficient community awareness posing barriers to effective management. Methods: This study introduces the EmoTrack Headset-App, a novel, integrated self-therapy device combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and binaural beat technology to support mental health and emotional regulation. This solution enables real-time mental health monitoring and offers tailored interventions through a wearable headset linked to a smartphone application. Data collection involved a literature review and device prototyping to assess the feasibility and potential impact of EmoTrack. Findings: Results indicate that tDCS and binaural beats enhance emotional stability and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Additionally, the app's community feature facilitates user engagement, helping to destigmatize mental health issues and encouraging shared experiences. Conclusions: The EmoTrack system has the potential to revolutionize mental health care by improving access to preventive and therapeutic support in Indonesia. Novelty/Originality of this article: This innovation uniquely combines tDCS and binaural beats within a single device, presenting a pioneering tool that addresses mental health and emotional regulation in a wearable, user-friendly format

Innovative utilization of chicken feet bones (Gallus gallus domesticus) and mung beans (Vigna radiata) in crackers: A sustainable nutritional approach to combat childhood malnutrition

Background: Malnutrition leads to weakened immunity, making children more susceptible to infectious diseases and affecting future generations if not promptly addressed. Chicken feet bones (Gallus gallus domesticus) are a food waste product rich in calcium, while mung beans (Vigna radiata) are high in vitamins and minerals, making them potential sources of additional nutrition. This study aims to investigate the processing of Hi-C Crackers using chicken feet bones and mung beans, analyze its macronutrient content qualitatively, and determine its calcium content qualitatively. Methods: This experimental research involved processing Hi-C Crackers and analyzing their nutritional composition qualitatively. Findings: Hi-C Crackers were successfully processed using a 2:1 ratio of chicken feet bones to mung beans. The macronutrient content was determined using qualitative reagent tests: Lugol's iodine test for carbohydrates (blue-black color), Biuret test for protein (purple color), and Benedict’s test for glucose (greenish-blue color). Calcium content was confirmed using ammonium oxalate and acetic acid reagents, producing a brownish-white precipitate. Conclusion: Hi-C Crackers is a nutritious snack with essential macronutrients and calcium. Novelty: This research introduces a new food innovation utilizing commonly discarded ingredients to combat malnutrition

Optimizing diabetic retinopathy therapy with precision medicine: Can we do that in Indonesia?

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the world, including in Indonesia. High blood sugar levels in diabetics can cause various complications, one of which is diabetic retinopathy. The treatment used in diabetic retinopathy does not fully provide the desired therapeutic effect in all patients. Therefore, a study was conducted on the prescription drug approach to optimize diabetic retinopathy therapy. Methods: This narrative review was conducted by searching articles that discuss three main focuses, including (1) why precision medicine (PM) can be implemented in diabetic retinopathy (DR); (2) the application, benefits, and components of PM for DR; and (3) challenges in its implementation in Indonesia. The included articles are articles published in national and international journals between 2014 and 2025. Findings: This study reveals that diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes whose development can be influenced by genetic and environmental factors of the patient. Precision medicine can be applied in determining the best therapy for diabetic retinopathy by analyzing the clinical condition history, molecular and biochemical biomarkers of patients using artificial intelligence or machine learning. Conclusion: optimization of diabetic retinopathy therapy can be done with a precision medicine approach by analyzing genetic factors and patient environmental factors. However, there are still some challenges in its application in Indonesia including health service disparities, regulatory issues, technology, costs, and human resources. To develop precision medicine in Indonesia, Indonesia should develop equitable distribution in health services, conduct policy and research more on DM and PM, and collaborate with other countries. This narrative review has several limitations: literature search was limited to 3 database sources, we did not assess the quality of the articles, and implementation steps and solutions for PM implementation in Indonesia are only discussed in general, not specifically for DR. Future research can be carried out by discussing in more depth the specific steps of PM implementation for DR. Novelty/Originality of this article: Although personalized medicine has been in the spotlight in the global. Novelty/Originality of this article: Although personalized medicine has been in the spotlight in the global medical world, its specific application in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy in a country with limited resources and diverse demographics such as Indonesia is still not widely explored. The originality lies in adapting precision medicine as a high-tech solution for diabetic retinopathy, which is one of the public health challenges

SMANTUB (anti tuberculosis smartwatch) integrated with spy-TBC: Early strategy for Tuberculosis eradication based on smartwatch and Aiot-Posbindu-PM-TBC (artificial intelligence of things post for infectious Tuberculosis)

Background: Progress in efforts to eradicate TB or Indonesia free from TB 2030 should be continued and appreciated in order to move towards a more advanced and visionary future. There is still no special application to overcome TB cases in Indonesia based on AIoT or the internet). The aim of this research is to provide an idea to eradicated TB throught health also social care with advanced technology also innovation. Methods: This article uses a literature review method and presents an innovative approach for eradicating tuberculosis through the PDCA cycle. The focus is on setting goals for progress and creating strategies to reach them. The research proposes a new innovation, Smantub, combined with technology to decrease TB cases. Findings: The "Smantub" smartwatch, integrated with Spy-TBC technology and powered by AIoT, is a cutting-edge tool for early prevention and management of tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia. By utilizing Big Data, WebApp, and location tracking, as well as AIoT-Posbindu-PM-TBC, it can play a crucial role in reducing TB prevalence, which remains high in the country. The Smantub smartwatch aims to address health threats, prevent deaths, and control the spread of TB. With this innovative technology, Indonesia can work toward becoming TB-free by 2030, supported by the efforts of Jejamoe Café. Conclusion: Smartwatch “Smantub” can be used as a cutting-edge tool or technology in early and mature prevention efforts to reduce the prevalence of TB which is currently still high in Indonesia. Novelty/Originality of this article: Smantub helps overcome the problem of TB, especially in controlling the location of sufferers and controlling the prevention of transmission

Quality of life of children with HIV/AIDS in meeting their developmental stages based on WHOQOL-100

Background: The number of HIV/AIDS children in Indonesia is rising, impacting their low quality of life. World Health Organization Quality of Life-100 (WHOQOL-100) is necessary to assess their life perceptions. Improving their quality of life requires a lifespan perspective to understand their development. This study aims to describe HIV/AIDS children's quality of life using WHOQOL- 100 and how it aligns with their developmental stages. Methods: This study employs a literature review method, as defined by Knopf (2006), to synthesize existing research on the quality of life of children with HIV/AIDS. It follows Neuman’s (2014) process of identifying, filtering, and analyzing relevant studies using WHOQOL-100 as a framework. The review focuses on journals from 2014-2024, selecting studies that involve children under 21, to draw broad conclusions and identify gaps in research. Findings: The findings reveal that children with HIV/AIDS have issues such as pain, poor nutrition, sleep problems, cognitive issues, low self-esteem, and caregiver burden. Early ART treatment, strategies against social stigma, good financial management, adequate healthcare access, and spiritual support are crucial for the children with HIV/AIDS. Inadequate caregiving, financial oversight, mismatched spiritual support, social stigma, and health issues hinder their development. Conclusion: Social support from caregivers and government health services play a crucial role in improving the quality of life for children with HIV/AIDS. However, not all children meet their developmental stages, highlighting the need for caregiver support, peer interactions, and consistent health services. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study offers a unique perspective on the quality of life of HIV/AIDS-affected children in Indonesia by utilizing the WHOQOL-100 to explore how developmental stages influence their well-being, highlighting the importance of early treatment, caregiver support, and addressing social stigma in enhancing their quality of life

Risk factor analysis and preventive health behavior in the control of blood glucose among patients with type II diabetes mellitus: A community-based cross-sectional study

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Disease is rapidly increasing in Indonesia. This disease is defined as either our random blood glucose level >200 mg/dL or fasting blood glucose level >126 mg/dL. Maintaining a controllable blood glucose level (either less than 200 mg/dL for random blood glucose level or less than 126 mg/dL for fasting blood glucose level) in Type II DM patients is obviously playing an important role to avoid any complications such as stroke disease, heart disease and kidney failure. The purpose of this research is to analyze the risk factors contributing to uncontrolled blood glucose in Type II DM patients who come to visit Alak Public Health Centre, city of Kupang. Methods: This research is a quantitative analytic study with cross sectional method, with a total sample of 68 respondents. The statistical analysis carried out by Computer Program is univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Findings: The result of this research shows significant factors contributing to uncontrolled blood glucose level are Body Mass Index (BMI) p value=0.003, patients compliance (p value=0.003), Knowledge of DM (p value=0.011), Regular Physical Activity (p value=0.000), Food Order (p value=0.024), Smoking (p value=0.524) and family support (p value=0.077). The dominant factor which has more significant effect on uncontrolled blood glucose level in Type II DM patients is regular physical activity (p value=0.001). Conclusion: Uncontrolled blood glucose in Type II DM patients is strongly influenced by multiple behavioral and lifestyle factors, with regular physical activity being the most dominant. Strengthening patient education, compliance, and health promotion at the primary care level is essential to improve glycemic control and prevent complications. Novelty/Originality of this article: In order to maintain controlled blood glucose level in Type II DM patients it is suggested that all health workers in public health centre pay more promotive measure to risk factors affecting the bllood glucose in Type II DM patients with effective medias and methods

Transformational leadership style to improve the performance of health workers at penfui health center and bakunase health center

Background: Transformational leadership style is a way used by a leader in influencing, directing, encouraging and controlling subordinates in order to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively which has the ability to inspire and motivate followers for mutual success. Based on an initial survey conducted at the Bakunase Health Center and Penfui Health Center, it appears that the style used by leaders is the interaction of leaders with their subordinates, but the transformation style has not been applied optimally so that it can be seen from 10 health workers, 2 of them have low performance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between transformational leadership style and the performance of health workers at Bakunase Health Center and Penfui Health Center. Methods: This study employs a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach, utilizing purposive sampling to select 100 healthcare workers. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Findings: The findings reveal a significant relationship between transformational leadership and healthcare worker performance, with a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05). These results indicate that transformational leadership is an essential factor in improving healthcare service quality and workforce efficiency. Conclusion: The study concludes that implementing transformational leadership practices can enhance nurse performance and healthcare service delivery. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in its empirical demonstration of the direct impact of transformational leadership on healthcare worker performance in a community health center setting, reinforcing the importance of leadership development in public health institutions