Digital innovation and social adaptation in urban flood risk reduction: A study on community-based coping strategies

Background: Flooding in the capital city of DKI Jakarta is still a serious problem that has a broad impact on society. Rapid urbanization, suboptimal drainage systems, and climate change contribute to the increasing frequency and impact of flooding. Flooding not only causes economic losses, but also impacts on health, loss of livelihoods, agriculture and livestock sectors, disruption to education, and damage to public and private infrastructure, effective strategies are needed to increase community resilience in the face of these disasters. Methods: This study used a methodological approach related to coping strategies in the face of flooding. The theory of coping strategies developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) is used as the basis of analysis to understand how communities can adapt and respond to floods. In addition, a study of digital platforms such as petabencana.id was conducted to see the role of technology in improving community preparedness. Findings: The results show that communities use various coping strategies in dealing with floods, both those that focus on problem-focused coping and those that focus on emotion-focused coping. Technology-based approaches, such as the use of petabencana.id, allow communities to share information in real-time, improve coordination in emergency response, and speed up decision-making in disaster situations. This research also highlights the importance of a combination of proactive and reactive coping strategies in dealing with floods. In addition, utilizing digital technology in disaster mitigation can increase the effectiveness of emergency response efforts and strengthen community engagement. Conclusion: This study confirms that the application of appropriate coping strategies, supported by technology and multi-stakeholder collaboration, can help communities deal more effectively with the impacts of flooding. Novelty/Originality of this article: Increasing education on coping strategies, optimizing the use of information technology, and strengthening social networks are important steps in flood mitigation and management in Jakarta

Disaster from water pollution in Indonesia: Unsustainable human interaction with the environment and its social impacts

Background: Water is a vital global resource, available in forms such as surface water and groundwater. Human activities, particularly increased population, have led to unsustainable water use, causing pollution in rivers, lakes, and oceans. In Indonesia, water resources, including in Muara Teluk Jakarta, are polluted by organic, inorganic, chemical, and plastic pollutants, especially microplastics and debris. Method: This study uses a qualitative approach with secondary data from journals and water quality reports by DKI Jakarta Environmental Agency. The research involves classifying topics, analyzing human-environment interactions, and reviewing water quality data to assess pollution levels using the water quality index (WQI). The findings aim to inform effective water treatment strategies and policies for addressing water pollution in Indonesia. Findings: The study and data analysis of sea water quality of Muara Teluk Jakarta index trends from 2017-2023 show that conditions fluctuated in the 2017-2023 range but heavily polluted condition. These water pollution problems need appropriate and proper management to reduce pollutes and increase water quality from biological, chemical, or physical properties.  Well water management with customized condition will be very effective as one of solution for clean water supply and solution for sustainable water management in Indonesia. Conclusion: Effective water management strategies tailored to specific local conditions are essential to mitigate pollution and improve water quality in Indonesia. Sustainable water management is crucial for ensuring clean water supplies. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the persistent water pollution in Muara Teluk Jakarta, particularly from plastic and chemical contaminants, and the need for technological solutions to address water quality issues. It offers a practical approach to sustainable water management by exploring innovative methods to reduce pollution and improve water quality in Indonesia

Forest fire disasters and ecological crisis: Impacts on women

Background: Forest and land fires in Riau Province are a recurring issue with significant consequences for the economy, society, and environment. This research examines the impacts of these fires and explores the role of women in disaster mitigation efforts. Method: The research used a Desk Study method, collecting secondary data from government reports, scientific journals, and previous studies to conduct a descriptive analysis. Findings: The fires result in substantial material losses, including damage to natural habitats, loss of commercial timber, extinction of local wildlife, and health issues for local communities, with women experiencing disproportionate impacts. However, women also have considerable potential as agents of change in disaster mitigation. Their involvement in sustainable natural resource management and policy-making processes can enhance community resilience to forest and land fires. Conclusion: Involving women in disaster mitigation efforts, particularly in sustainable resource management and policy-making, can lead to more effective and holistic strategies for managing forest and land fires. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides new insights into the importance of gender inclusion in disaster risk reduction, emphasizing the potential for women's active participation in mitigating the impacts of forest and land fires in Riau Province

Tourism beyond limits: A systematic review on the challenges and mitigation strategies of overtourism

Background: Tourism in Bali has grown rapidly, driving economic growth but exacerbating overtourism, where visitor numbers exceed capacity. This leads to environmental damage, resource depletion, and socio-economic problems. Methods: This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, focusing on publications from 2020 to 2024 from both international and national journals, identifying dominant themes such as environmental, economic, and cultural challenges. Findings: The results reveal that overtourism in Bali significantly affects environmental, economic, and cultural aspects. Strategies such as equitable tourist distribution, infrastructure development in less-developed areas, and sustainable tourism policies are crucial to addressing these challenges. Policies such as tourist limitations (enforcing visiting hours) and restrictions on tourist business development can also help reduce overtourism in Bali. Conclusion: A case study of Nusa Dua highlights capacity management efforts, including event access limitations and stakeholder collaboration, which have been implemented effectively. Nusa Dua not only cooperates with the government and surrounding entrepreneurs, but also with the local community, especially when there are big events being organized. Novelty/Originality of this article: Additionally, this study provides a new perspective by examining how overtourism impacts local communities' connection to their traditions culture, while emphasizing the balance between economic growth, preserving nature and cultural preservation in sustainable tourism

Effectiveness of global warming disaster mitigation e-module in increasing students' creative thinking

Background: Global warming is an environmental problem that has a broad impact on human life and ecosystems. Disaster mitigation due to global warming is a crucial step that needs to be implemented in various aspects, including education. The Merdeka Curriculum emphasizes project-based learning and innovation, so that the development of e-modules based on disaster mitigation with a guided inquiry approach is a relevant solution for improving students' creative thinking skills. Methods: This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the Van den Akker model in developing e-modules, as well as a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest-posttest control group design to test its effectiveness. The research subjects were class X students at MAN 3 Mandailing Natal who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument is a creative thinking test which is validated by experts and tested for reliability. Data analysis was carried out using the N-Gain test and the Mann-Whitney test. Findings: The research results showed that the experimental class that used guided inquiry-based e-modules experienced a higher increase in creative thinking skills than the control class. The average N-Gain score for the experimental class was 0.66 (high category) while the control class was only 0.33 (low category). The Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference between the two groups (Asymp. Sig. < 0.05), indicating the effectiveness of the e-module in improving creative thinking skills. Conclusion: This research confirms that e-modules based on disaster mitigation with a guided inquiry approach are effective in improving students' creative thinking skills. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in the integration of e-modules in disaster mitigation learning in the Merdeka Curriculum, which has not been studied much before. The authenticity of this research is supported by an experimental approach and measurement based on structured creative thinking indicators

The potential of carbon sequestration in community forests for climate change mitigation and disaster risk reduction

Background: Climate change is a significant global concern, with its effects observed worldwide. Community forest management, which involves local communities in managing and utilizing forest resources, is a sustainable approach to forest preservation. This method not only provides economic benefits but also contributes to carbon sequestration, a strategy for mitigating global warming. This research explores the role of community forests in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation, focusing on Sidodadi Village in Lawang District, Malang Regency. Method: The research used a quantitative approach, applying the allometric method for carbon calculation. Findings: The community forest in Sidodadi Village showed notable carbon sequestration: 381.0334 tons C/ha for Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), 374.8768 tons C/ha for Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale), and 40.9963 tons C/ha for Sengon (Albizia chinensis). Conclusion: The findings highlight the substantial carbon storage potential of community forests and their contribution to environmental sustainability. Raising public awareness of the importance of preserving these forests is crucial, given their role in combating climate change. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study emphasizes the significant contribution of community forests to carbon sequestration and the potential role they play in climate change mitigation, offering valuable insights for environmental management strategies

Bridging awareness and action in flood risk reduction: Insights from a community-based evaluation

Background: Flooding is a disaster that continues to be faced by Indonesia. Every year, floods inevitably occur. From year to year, the number of floods continues to increase. This is why we conducted a study on residents’ knowledge regarding flood prevention in their environment. Methods: This research aims to evaluate the knowledge of Tomang residents about flood prevention methods using a qualitative approach, employing semi-structured interviews and observation techniques. Findings: Through this process, the research findings show that the people of Tomang possess varying levels of knowledge regarding flood prevention. Most residents are already aware of the importance of maintaining drainage systems and managing waste, although they face various challenges in fully implementing these preventive measures. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that more intensive education and outreach, along with greater involvement and active participation of the community in flood prevention programs, can help prevent flood disasters in the area. Based on these findings, we hope that this information can serve as a foundation for flood prevention and risk reduction at the local level. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty/originality of this article lies in evaluating Tomang residents’ knowledge of flood prevention using a qualitative approach, revealing implementation gaps despite their relatively good awareness

Greenhouse gas emission calculation and energy impact of TPS3R flamboyan using waste reduction model (WARM) V.15: Implications for disaster risk reduction

Background: Human activities contribute to increased greenhouse gas concentrations, such as CO₂ and CH₄, which intensify the greenhouse effect and elevate Earth's temperature. TPS3R Flamboyan aims to reduce plastic waste through recycling, composting, and landfilling at TPA Cipeucang. While these processes help reduce waste, they can also produce CO₂ emissions. This study evaluates the CO₂ emissions from the baseline waste management scenario and compares it with an alternative scenario using the Waste Reduction Model (WARM) to assess GHG emissions and energy use. Methods: Data was collected in June 2020 from TPS3R Flamboyan and TPA Cipeucang in South Tangerang, analyzing waste types and GHG emissions using the WARM software. The study utilized baseline and alternative waste management scenarios to assess CO2 emissions and energy use, with input data on various waste types such as food waste and plastics. WARM compared the emissions and energy use for each scenario, providing insights on GHG reductions and energy efficiency in waste management practices. Findings: Total GHG emissions from baseline MSW generation and management (MTCO2E) is  -2.23 and total GHG emissions from alternative MSW Generation ad management (MTCO2E) is -4,46. Total Energy use from baseline MSW Generation and Management (million BTU) is -33.98 and total Energy use from alternative MSW generation and Management (million BTU) is -92.22. Conclusion: Both scenarios indicate that the alternative scenario results in a higher reduction of emissions compared to the baseline management. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the alternative waste management practices in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research provides a novel approach by using the Waste Reduction Model (WARM) application, developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to estimate greenhouse gas emissions and energy use in municipal solid waste management scenarios. This application offers high-level estimates for emissions reduction and energy efficiency, providing valuable insights for waste management practices

Facing climate change and potential disaster: Lessons from Jakarta slums and the impact of modern-day individualism

Background: Jakarta faces significant climate change risks due to rapid urbanization and insufficient infrastructure. These challenges are compounded by increasing population pressures and environmental degradation, especially in urban slums. Leveraging social capital, particularly community cooperation, can enhance resilience to climate-related impacts by promoting collective action and resource mobilization. Method: This study employed a dual-phase strategy, starting with an extensive literature review to understand the context and theoretical frameworks. It also utilized comparative analysis and systems thinking to assess the roles of social capital and community resilience in mitigating climate risks. The research incorporated a variety of credible sources and opposing viewpoints for a balanced approach. Findings: The study highlights the importance of social capital, particularly the collectivist culture of mutual cooperation (gotong royong) in Jakarta, which aids in overcoming resource limitations and fosters community cooperation. This social capital is crucial for enhancing resilience, particularly in slum and disaster-prone areas. However, urban planning issues and rising individualism present challenges to fully harnessing these resources. Conclusion: Integrating the communal practices and cultural values of gotong royong into urban planning, along with promoting social engagement, is essential for building a climate-resilient city in Jakarta. Strengthening social networks and addressing governance and infrastructure issues are key steps toward mitigating climate change impacts. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a unique perspective on the role of social capital in climate resilience, specifically in Jakarta's slums, and highlights the importance of integrating cultural practices like gotong royong into urban planning to build a more resilient city. It combines insights from environmental science, sociology, and psychology to develop a comprehensive approach to climate adaptation

Natural disasters and teachers’ well-being: An intervention model for improving the occupational well-being of teachers in a post-disaster situation

Background: In disaster situations the hardships and adversities for teachers are amplified because their work is drastically deviated from their normal routine and are expected to take the additional role of socio-psychological guide for the communities, exerting mounting pressure on their professional responsibilities and their well-being. Methods: Therefore, a small-scale intervention was carried out to help the teachers to improve their well-being in a post-disaster situation for two years. Alongside this intervention, a longitudinal qualitative study was carried out to measure the changes in the well-being of the targeted five teachers over a period of two years in a remote, isolated context. The data was collected in three rounds. Round one was carried out at the start, followed by round two in the middle of the intervention, and the final round of data collection was carried out at the end of the study. This study employed the OECD’s tool for measuring the occupational well-being of the teachers. Findings: The study found a gradual and consistent improvement in the cognitive, subjective and social well-being of the teachers. However, satisfaction with profession reflects a stable level of discontent about their career choice and the data suggests that there is a certain level of regret for career choice. In the dimension of physical and mental well-being, the data suggests that participants are facing a variety of physical and emotional symptoms like headache, back pain, stomach pain, feeling nervous, irritability, and sleep deprivation. Conclusions: Teachers must be trained and prepared for an expanded role of leadership in remote contexts not only for education in emergencies but also for community cohesion and well-being in post-disaster situations. Therefore, aid organizations must prioritize the well-being of teachers in post-disaster situations. Novelty/Originality of this article: A small-scale longitudinal qualitative study over two years measuring cognitive, subjective, social, physical, and mental well-being changes of teachers in a remote, isolated post-disaster context using the OECD’s occupational well-being tool