WIDESPREAD VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHT TO LIFE: AN OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIC PROSECUTORIAL AND INVESTIGATIVE GUIDELINES

Widespread violation of human right to life over the years has plunge the various developing countries into a protracted security dilemma. To enhance socio-economic development in any community, the safety of the indigenes and foreign investors is a paramount factor. Hence, the international treaties and conventions on the rights and security of human beings across the world. Article 6(1) of International Covenant for Civil and Political Rights, 1966, declare that: “Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.” The legislature is obliged to adopt series of strategies to tackle the menace and facilitate efficient criminal justice dispensation. However, it is observed that the crime control system of many developing countries demand strategic restructuring towards efficient investigation and prosecution of offenders, as a large percentage of perpetrators are usually undetected and unpunished. The paper contended that the investigators must respect, protect and uphold the universal concept of human dignity and human rights, and exercise the highest standards of integrity and care in the course of their duties. In this regard, the paper recommended series of rules and strategies that must be considered in the investigatory and prosecution process. Using primary and secondary sources of law including case law and relevant internet materials, the paper reviewed relevant international, judicial and statutory authorities in recommending that investigators and prosecutors must be well-informed and adequately equipped for their tasks

CONCEPT AND MODES OF ACQUISITION OF NON-VALUABLE PROPERTY IN ISLAMIC LAW OF INHERITANCE

The discussion of non-valuable property in Islamic law cannot be over-emphasised since acquisition of property must be based on lawfulness and unlawfulness of such property. It is on the basis of this, that this paper aimed at assessing the concept and modes of acquisition of non- valuable property in Islamic law with the objectives of identifying the non-valuable property, examining the concept of non-valuable property in Islamic law and appraised the legality of acquisition of non-valuable property by Muslims. The paper adopts the doctrinal method of legal research. The doctrinal method comprises in-depth content analysis of primary and secondary sources of legal information. The primary sources include the Qur’an and Hadith while the secondary sources include textbooks, journals, newspaper reports and internet materials. The paper traces the background implementation of Islamic law principles on the modes of acquisition of non-valuable property and its consequences on the person who acquired it and the society in general. It discloses that non-valuable property is not property in Islamic Law. It concludes that only lawful and valuable property is suitable to be acquired by Muslims in all circumstances. The paper recommends that Muslims should be steadfast in distinguishing between valuable and non- valuable property in Islamic Law as only valuable property in their estate can be inherited by their heirs.&nbsp

Terrorism in a Semi-Peripheral State of Africa: Boko- Haram Conflict and its Contending Perspectives in the North - Eastern Nigeria

The purpose of this research is to anatomize the different contentious issues that instigated the outbreak of Boko-Haram conflict in the North-Eastern Nigeria. Just like any other terrorist organizations, the underlying causes of Boko-Haram conflict are highly contestable. The metamorphoses of Boko-Haram movement over the years have added different colorations to the Boko Haram conundrum in the North-Eastern Nigeria. The study intends to cast new light on the contending perspectives on   Boko-Haram conflict in the region beyond common narratives. The study utilized both the secondary and primary sources of data. The primary data were generated through the utility of Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and the secondary source of data were generated from textbooks, journals, newspapers and web-based materials. The data generated were analyzed using logic inductive and thematic analyses. The findings of the study were predicated on implicit and explicit factors bolstering Boko-Haram conflict . The findings in this study revealed that Boko-Haram has metamorphosed on five different occasions after the gestation period with different factors responsible for the metamorphoses. Beyond poverty and fragmented Islamic religion which are known as explicit factors, the study revealed some implicit factors that have aided Boko-Haram conflict in the North-Eas

Socio-Demographic Corelates of Examination Anxiety and Time Management among Tertiary Institutions in Kaduna State

Examination or test anxiety is a phenomenon that affects all category of learners regardless of one’s level of preparedness. Ability to manage time effectively and subdue anxiety pangs are however influenced by various factors. This study examined socio-demographic characteristics that affect time management and examination anxiety among students of tertiary institutions in Kaduna state. The population consisted of 270 final year psychology students conveniently sampled from Ahmadu Bello University Zaria and Kaduna State University. Time management questionnaire and test anxiety scale were used to collect data from respondents. Analysis was done using frequency and percentage, independent sample T – test and ANOVA. Findings revealed that age significantly affects the experience of examination anxiety while age had no significant influence on time management. Gender and marital status did not significantly affect time management and examination anxiety. Course instructors are urged to adopt various confidence-boosting techniques in the course of lesson delivery, as well as, maintaining positive disposition expressed in choice of words to students.  &nbsp

Perceived Influence Of Marketing Strategy On Student Enrollment In Selected Private Universities In Osun State

Private universities in Osun State are facing challenges in attracting and retaining students, and there is a perception that their marketing strategies are not effectively driving student enrollment. This study, therefore, examines the perceived influence of marketing strategy on student enrolment in selected private universities in Osun State, Nigeria. The survey method was adopted to gather data from students. Findings reveal that branding (3.44), target recruitment (3.18), scholarship offers (3.36), and online marketing (3.43) play a significant role in attracting prospective students, with respondents indicating that the perceived prestige and image of the university influence their decisions. The study underscored the need for university management and administrators to maximise the benefits offered by marketing strategies in improving enrollment in private universities

An Investigation on Cultural Crisis of Congolese Refugees on Host Communities in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement, Kamwenge District. Uganda

Using a sample of 200 refugees, this study examined the cultural crisis experienced by Congolese refugees in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement, Kamwenge District, Uganda. With an emphasis on employment, household income, agricultural production, and small business operations, the study investigated the effects of refugee presence on local economies. To obtain a thorough grasp of the cultural crises among Congolese refugees and host communities in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement, this study used a mixed method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. This method was thought to be appropriate for capturing both statistical patterns and more in-depth qualitative understandings of the real-life experiences of refugees, members of the host community, and other stakeholders.  Data on the cultural crises among Congolese refugees and host communities in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement were obtained using a questionnaire as part of the quantitative method. Contextual elements that influence the economic ties between refugees and host communities, such as sociocultural dynamics, local policies, and community viewpoints, could be examined thanks to the qualitative method, which was made possible by interviews. A thorough understanding of the economic exchanges between host communities and refugees was provided by the data gathered through focus groups, interviews with important stakeholders, and household surveys.  Traditional beliefs and practices, religious diversity and conflicts, gender roles and family structures, and views of social hierarchy and status were all found to differ. Finally, language hurdles, variations in traditional beliefs, religious diversity, gender roles, and ideas of social hierarchy are the main causes of the cultural crisis between Congolese refugees and host populations in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement. Tensions between the two groups are frequently caused by these cultural differences, which make it difficult for them to integrate, interact socially, and access resources. Nonetheless, these difficulties can be lessened with focused interventions including language instruction, cross-cultural exchange initiatives, gender awareness campaigns, and fair access to social services. A comprehensive strategy that promotes social inclusion, mutual understanding, and sustainable resource management is necessary to advance peaceful coexistence and long-term. Finally, language hurdles, variations in traditional beliefs, religious diversity, gender roles, and ideas of social hierarchy are the main causes of the cultural crisis between Congolese refugees and host populations in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement. Tensions between the two groups are frequently caused by these cultural differences, which make it difficult for them to integrate, interact socially, and access resource

اشتراط الولاية في عقد النكاح: دراسة تحليلية مقارنة بين ابن حزم في المحلى بالآثار وابن رشد في بداية المجتهد

يهدف هذا البحث إلى إبراز العلاقة بين النص الوارد في كتاب المحلى بالآثار لابن حزم الظاهري الأندلسي (ت 456/1065) والنص الوارد في كتاب بداية المجتهد ونهاية المقتصد لابن رشد الحفيد (ت 595/1198) في مسألة اشتراط الولاية في النكاح كما يظهر السياقات التي يمكن أن تكون لها دور في توجيه طريقة تناول الإمامان للمسألة تحت الدراسة. ولتحقيق أهداف البحث، استخدم الباحث المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي والمقارن في الوقوف وتحليل طريقة تناولهما للمسألة وأثر السياقات المختلفة في توجيه منهجهما. توصل البحث إلى أن هناك قواسم مشترك بين ابن حزم وابن رشد في مساقاتهما إلا أن طريقة كل واحد منهما في تناول المسألة تختلف عن الأخرى.This research aims to highlight the relationship between the text contained in the book “Al-Muhalla bil-Athar” by Ibn Hazm Al-Zahiri Al-Andalusi(d. 595/1198) and the one contained in the book Bidayat al-Mujtahid wa Nihayat al-Muqtasid by Ibn Rushd al-Hafid (d. 595/1198) on the issue of the requirement of guardianship in marriage. It also shows the contexts that could have a role in guiding the way the two imams dealt with the issue under study. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher used inductive, analytical, and comparative approaches in understanding and analyzing the way they dealt with the issue and the impact of different contexts in guiding their approach. The research concluded that there are common denominators between Ibn Hazm and Ibn Rushd in their courses, but the method of each of them in dealing with the issue differs from the other

Influence Of Political Parties Social Media Voters’ Education On Voting Habit Among Youths In 2023 General Elections In Nigeria

Since the return of democracy in 1999, Nigeria has recorded high rate of invalid votes coupled with self-disenfranchised people despite the mass media presence in voters’ education. Meanwhile, scholars have examined mass media and voters’ education, there is dearth of studies on social media and voting habit. This study therefore, examined the influence of social media voters’ education on voting habit of Ilorin youths in the 2023 Presidential election. The study is underpinned by Agenda setting and Uses and gratification theories. Content analysis and survey research methods were adopted while coding sheet and questionnaire served as the research instruments. Simple random sampling techniques was used to select 171 posts from the Twitter (X) pages of the three selected political parties while multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 224 undergraduates of University of Ilorin respectively. Statistical package for Social Science version 23.0 was used to analyse the data while charts, simple percentage and frequency table were used to present the data. Findings revealed that social media voters’ education posts motivated youths’ active participation in the 2023 presidential election as they were able to understand the agenda that each political aspirants has for the masses. The study recommended that civil society such as Socio-Economic Right and Accountability Project, Enough is Enough Nigeria, Center for Democracy and Development, etc. should employ social media to educate the Nigerian youths on civic responsibilities as this can create a robust and inclusive electoral process that promotes transparency, accountability and credibility among citizenry in Nigeria

An Investigation on the Economic Impact of Congolese Refugees on Host Communities in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement, Kamwenge District

This study investigated the economic impact of Congolese refugees on host communities in the Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement, Kamwenge District, Uganda, using a sample of 200 refugees. The research explored how the presence of refugees affects local economies, focusing on employment, household income, agricultural productivity, and small business activities. Data was collected through household surveys, interviews with key stakeholders, and focus group discussions, offering a comprehensive view of the economic interactions between refugees and host communities. The findings revealed mixed economic impacts. On one hand, refugees contribute positively to the local economy by filling labor gaps in agriculture and small-scale trade, thus enhancing the livelihoods of some host community members. Refugees’ involvement in the local labor market, particularly in agricultural activities, has increased overall productivity. However, the influx of refugees has also strained local resources, particularly land, healthcare, and education services, leading to competition for these resources. Many host households report increased pressure on food security and limited access to land, as refugees often engage in agricultural activities that drive up demand for available arable land. The study further indicated that the establishment of refugee-run businesses has created employment opportunities for both refugees and host community members, though the profitability of these ventures remains low due to limited access to capital and market constraints. The study recommends that policies should be put in place to strengthen the integration of refugees into local economies while mitigating resource competition. This includes promoting sustainable agricultural practices, providing targeted economic support for small business ventures, and improving public services such as healthcare and education to alleviate strain on the host community. Additionally, mechanisms for shared resource management between refugees and hosts should be explored to ensure equitable distribution. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that harnesses the economic potential of refugees while addressing the challenges faced by host communities. Ensuring that refugees can contribute positively without overwhelming local resources is critical for fostering long-term peace, stability, and mutual benefit in the region. The study highlights the importance of inclusive economic policies that recognize the interdependence of refugees and host communities in development planning

The Christian Encounter and European Racial Attitude(s) in the Jos Plateau Area of British Nigeria

A significant part of the Christian encounter that took place in Africa, as a whole and the Jos Plateau area of Nigeria in particular, occurred during the period of European domination of the continent in the 19th and 20th centuries. European Christian missionaries played important roles in the extension of European influence(s) in Africa during the period under study. In this regard, Christian missionaries were, on the one hand, precursors of European political domination in Africa and, on the other hand, cultural harbingers of European primacy on the continent. European political domination of Africa, in particular and the world in general, was hinged on Caucasian perspectives on race. European perspectives on race classified races of the world according to an anthropological stratification that placed Europeans at the top of the ladder and Africans at the bottom. This European perspective of race, that was prevalent in the 19th and 20th centuries, seeped into Christian missionary thoughts and practices. Hence, recorded events of the Christian evangelization of Africa show that Christian missionaries upheld the notion of European racial and cultural superiority in their interaction with members of local communities. As such, this study sets out to examine how European ideas of “race” affected missionary attitude(s) towards indigenous people, during the early part of the Christian and colonial encounter, in the Jos Plateau area of British Nigeria