Stock portfolio and stock return in Nigeria capital market

The study of risk-return relationship and impact on efficient portfolio selection provides valuable insights for both individual and institutional investors in selecting stocks that offer optimal returns with minimal risk. The study examines dynamics of return and risk to portfolio selection for optimal stock return in Nigeria capital market during period January 2013 to December 2022, employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression method. The study employs a 2 x 3 size-sort methodology to create 30 size-sort portfolios. Source of data for study were gotten from Nigeria exchange group (NGX), Securities and Exchange Statistical Bulletin, and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). The findings result reveal small capitalized portfolios performs better with higher returns than big capitalized portfolios showing size effect, while market premium is significant statistically for all portfolios with positive coefficients beta. Hence, it can be recommended that investors should consider small capitalized stocks to build portfolios and considers market premium as an important risk factor to be considered when evaluating variation of stock returns in Nigeria

Perspectives on the Study of Work-Life Balance in Relation Redesign Approaches of Job among Banking Professionals Antecedents and Outcomes

This study examines the relation of work-life balance with different job resigning approaches. The core objective of this study is to explore the impact of job enlargement, job rotation and job enrichment on the work-life balance of banking professionals. A structured questionnaire used for collecting data from top management of banking professionals. The sample size is 300 and out of 300 samples, 259 (86.3%) had responded about their experiences towards redesign approaches with work-life balance. The work-life balance considered as a dependent variable and job enlargement, job rotation and job enrichment is taken as independent variables. The multiple regression model used to analyze and explore the significant relation between work-life balances and job enlargement, job rotation and job enrichment. The findings of the study established that there is a positive correlation between two approaches of job resign namely job enrichment and job enlargement and work-life balance and a negative correlation between job rotation and work-life balance

Causality relationship between human capital, technological development and economic growth

In this research, human capital, technical advancement, and economic growth in Indonesia are examined using vector analysis. In analyzing causality, we use a research period of more than 20 years using secondary data from the world bank. Our findings show that technology development and Human Resources are two important components in economic development. Human resources are an important factor of the industry and the quality of human resources is determined by the human capital owned by these human resources. Technology aids people in their job, allowing them to execute at a higher level of efficiency and quality. Investment in technological development and human capital may increase the speed and quality of human beings, which can lead to increased economic growth and productivity. A strong economy is essential to the long-term viability of human capital and technology investment. Human capital and technology are mutually reinforcing each other in the development of Indonesia as a result of economic progress. The three variables are in a mutually reinforcing relationship so that the three variables are closely related and mutually reinforcing

Main Factors Causing Delays in Large Construction Projects: Evidence from New Zealand

Construction delays occur frequently on large projects, resulting in not only the client getting their completed project later, but it can also have a major impact on the cost, duration and quality of the project. Delays can have a debilitating effect on all parties involved, as it’s often the cause of adversarial relationships, a feeling of apprehension and distrust between parties. The purpose of this research was to establish the main factors causing delays on large construction projects in Auckland and compare results with the situation in other countries. Construction managers and site managers with a minimum of 10 years’ experience working in large construction projects were surveyed, with both questionnaires and face-to-face interviews as methods, to collect quantitative as well as qualitative data. A significant factor that occurs often was “unforeseen ground conditions”, and was due to the fact that geological tests do not always predict the condition of the whole site. The participants in general agreed that the design group contributes most to construction delays through “lack of producing design documents on time, late instructions, and unclear and inadequate details on drawings.” These findings however are not generalizable, due to the small sample size, so further empirical research is suggested, on a larger scale, and surveying not just construction managers, but also other project team members, including the client

Determining factors in the influx of foreign direct investment to Sudan: Implementing Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)

The purpose of this study was to examine foreign direct investment (FDI) in the context of Sudan between the years 1990 and 2020 by using the bounds testing method of cointegration and the error-correction model. As per the results, it can be understood that the variables considered for the study are combined on a long-term basis if FDI remains a dependent variable. Further, a significant equilibrium correction was found, which supports the existence of a long-term relationship. A number of internal and external factors (especially gross domestic product (GDP), trade openness, inflation, exchange rate, and growth rate, as well as additional macroeconomic indicators such as investment/GDP) were found to impact the state of FDI in Sudan. The variables showed no causalities as per the outcomes of the Granger causality test. Moreover, as per the variance decomposition results, the forecast error variance of FDI, in addition to that of GDP, investment/GDP, and inflation, was found to be self-explanatory. Additionally, as per the impulse response functions, the results demonstrated a short-term negative association between GDP and FDI, suggesting that Sudan possesses inadequate absorptive capacity for promoting its economy using FDI. The results of this research emphasized how selective public policies can be utilized to promote FDI and consequently facilitate short- and long-term economic growth. Therefore, it is useful to recommend some policy implications to promote the application of FDI in Sudan

An Empirical Analysis of Cambodia\u27s Import Demand Function

This empirical study examines an import demand function for Cambodia by employing time series data during 1993-2015. This study uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to investigate the impact of relative prices, foreign direct investment, final consumption expenditure, export volume, exchange rate and foreign exchange reserve on import demand in Cambodia for both long run and short run. The study finds that relative prices and exchange rate are negative effect on import demand in Cambodia for both long and short run, while export volume is positively effect on import demand. While, foreign direct investment, final consumption expenditure, and foreign exchange reserve are insignificant impact on import demand in Cambodia. The finding suggests that the Cambodian government should monitor domestic price

Money Supply, Inflation and Exchange Rate Movement: The Case of Cambodia by Bayesian VAR Approach

This research paper aims to investigate the relationship among money supply, inflation and exchange rate in Cambodia by using Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (B-VAR) approach. This study employs the monthly data in the period of October-2009 and April-2018. This research paper applies the Money-in-Utility Function (MIU) that describes the relationship between money growth and price level. Moreover, this paper also employs the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) which shows the relationship between exchange rate and inflation. The empirical results reveal that money supply in Cambodia, depends on its previous variable. Moreover, money supply also induces the depreciation of exchange rate of Khmer Riel against US Dollar and leads to increase in inflation. Money supply induces 8% of shock to exchange rate and 0.13% to inflation based on variance decomposition while exchange rate can cause 0.024% to inflation in Cambodia. The relative low shocks from money supply to inflation and exchange rate results in supplying money with cautious manner from National Bank of Cambodia. The empirical results are found to be consistent with the theories and some empirical studied of this related fields

Does Budget Deficit Impede Economic Growth? Evidence from Bangladesh

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of budget deficit on economic growth in Bangladesh over the period of 1981-2017. This study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to capture long-run cointegration along with long-run and short-run elasticity of the explanatory variables. Moreover, directional causalities between the variables used in this study have been checked using vector error correction model (VECM). The results of the analysis under ARDL model revealed that in case of Bangladesh, budget deficit positively affects economic growth both in long-run and short-run while government total expenditures lead to increase GDP only in long-run. These findings support the Keynesian proposition that budget deficits crowd-in private investments resulting economic growth. Furthermore, directional causality tests conducted using VECM explored unidirectional causality running from budget deficit to economic growth while feedback causality has been found between governments total expenditures and economic growth. For policy implications, this research provides evidence that in an emerging economy like Bangladesh, government spending through deficit financing can drive positively in the level of economic growth. Bangladesh, however, should not have the luxury of forgetting about the bad consequences of consistent and gradually increasing budget deficit at all

Malaysia Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Expand into Vietnam Halal Food Industry

Halal food industry is expanding in international marketplace due to the increasing number in Muslims. Enterprises from the globe are encouraged to invest in this market since many countries have lowered their restriction on foreign investment. Vietnamese market is viewed as a strong potential for the growth of Halal foods with its national trade promotion program to encourage local and foreign firms to produce halal foods. Getting more Malaysia small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are entering into Vietnam Halal food industry in recent years and the number is increasing in recent years. They are advised to conduct country environmental analysis and entry mode evaluation in order to discover the potential impacts on their foreign investment. It is also useful for SMEs to identify the opportunities in Vietnamese market

Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Nigeria

In most developing countries, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) serves as a means of earning foreign reserves via investments, businesses and foreign aids from advanced countries. FDI is considered a valuable source of finance and capital formation, Technology-Transfer and know-how, as well as a viable medium for trade among countries. The Spillover effect also allows for the transfer of innovations and invention to the receiving countries, one of which Nigeria belongs. According to the requirement for accelerated growth in association with the Sustainable Development Goals is not completely clear, however, for economies to experience sustainable and inclusive development, cross-border trade is paramount. Presently, Nigeria is the first host economy of FDI in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the third in the continent. Recently, Nigeria has witnessed several trade policies which aim at diversifying the economy away from oil revenue. These policies are focused on improving the industrial sector, and of course, results in austerity. In 2018, the total FDI inflow to the country was around USD 1.9 billion, while in 2017, FDI inflow was around USD 3.5 billion, showing a decrease due to the consequence of the austerity measures imposed in 2018. At the third quarter of 2019, the FDI was only 3.37% (USD 200.08 million) of the total capital inflow for the period. Traditionally, FDI is designed to improve the recipient economies thereby enhancing economic growth and development, it is in this view that many developing countries attract foreign investors with the hope of strengthening their economy by increasing the foreign investment portfolio. However, most empirical analysis of the impact of FDI on economic growth advises otherwise, hence, a controversy. According to the existing literature, some empirical results found a negative relationship between FDI and economic growth, while others opined that as FDI increases, it results in a boost of output productivity, hence a positive relationship between the variables. Therefore, this study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the effects of FDI both on the owner, and the host country, using Nigeria as a case study