Gravity-anomaly-based analysis of surface ruptures along the Palu-Koro Fault (Indonesia) for long-term seismic hazard mitigation

The Palu-Koro Fault system in Central Sulawesi is a major strike-slip fault associated with significant seismic hazards. This study investigates the fault dynamics and associated surface ruptures using gravity anomaly data and derivative-based geophysical methods. The Simple Bouguer Anomaly (SBA) values, ranging from –2 to 56 mGal, reveal substantial density contrasts in the subsurface, delineating fault boundaries and localised geological structures. Residual anomaly maps highlight sharp density gradients, which correspond to active fault zones. The derivative analyses, including First Horizontal Derivative (FHD) and Second Vertical Derivative (SVD), further refine the fault geometry and movement mechanisms, confirming the predominantly strike-slip nature of the Palu-Koro Fault, with localised normal faulting in certain segments, particularly in pull-apart basins and fault stepovers. The identified fault structures are consistent with previously mapped surface ruptures and aftershock distributions, indicating a strong correlation between gravity-derived density contrasts and active fault segmentation. These findings offer critical insights into fault behaviour, contributing to more accurate seismic hazard assessments and disaster mitigation strategies. The results reinforce the importance of gravity-based geophysical techniques in fault characterisation and highlight their potential for integration with other geophysical datasets in seismic hazard analysis

Czy uzasadnione jest kategoryzowanie stron, którym udzielane są pouczenia procesowe?

This article deals with the issue of classification of civil proceedings’ participants in the light of instructions given by procedural authorities. The author analyses which groups of parties (acting alone, with an attorney, certain public entities or financial market participants) are given instructions and in which situations. On this basis, an attempt is made to determine whether the distinguishing of specific groups of entities remains justified in the light of the rationality of legislative action and the tasks which instructions perform in civil proceedings.Artykuł jest poświęcony zagadnieniu klasyfikacji uczestników postępowania cywilnego w świetle pouczeń udzielanych przez organy procesowe. Autor analizuje, jakim klasom stron (działającym samodzielnie, z pełnomocnikiem, niektórym podmiotom publicznym czy uczestnikom rynku finansowego) udzielane są pouczenia i w jakich sytuacjach. Na tej podstawie podjęto próbę ustalenia, czy wyodrębnienie określonych grup podmiotów pozostaje uzasadnione w świetle racjonalności działań ustawodwczych oraz zadań, jakie w postępowaniu cywilnym pełnią pouczenia

Towards integrated financing for a climate-neutral European Union: brak

Abstract Motivation: The biggest challenge for achieving the Paris commitments and the European Union's 2030 and 2050 climate and energy targets in a just transition is to provide long-term support through coherent policies and instruments that increase public and private funds for climate transition. Due to the complexity of the 'super wicked’ climate change problem, scientists and some politicians (European Commission) recommend mainstreaming or 'integration' of climate objectives into non-climate policy areas. The study answers whether these declarations are followed by the integration of financing in EU policy and fills the gap in the literature on integrating climate policy instruments. Aim: This paper examines the progress in integrating the sources and mechanisms of financing the European Union's transition towards net-zero emissions. Results: Climate policy integration is an ongoing process that requires adjustments to activities and sources of financing. The Multi-Annual Budget and the Recovery Resilient Facility, the support of the EIB Group, national development banks and other financing institutions provide the financial, technological and political conditions for achieving the 2030 and 2050 targets. The revenues from market mechanisms (EU ETS) feed into specialised funds and public programmes, and repayable funding instruments (e.g. InvestEU Fund, the EIB) complement non-repayable funding (Structural and Investment Funds). New instruments such as the Just Transition Mechanism, the Modernisation Fund and the Social Climate Fund aim to increase public support by mitigating the costs of the transformation

Retinoblastoma: Evolving Concepts and Future Challenges

Retinoblastoma is the most common ocular malignancy in children. It results from mutations in the RB1 gene or from MYCN oncogene amplification. We distinguish between the more common unilateral form and the rarer bilateral form. It is important to note that bilateral retinoblastoma is always hereditary. The most common and characteristic symptom is the white pupillary reflex. In addition, the child may develop strabismus or heterochromia. Treatment methods vary, ranging from those aimed at salvaging the eye to those involving total enucleation. Prognosis depends on the location and stage of the tumor. This review aims to explore the literature on new therapeutic methods and recent discoveries in the field of retinoblastoma.&nbsp

The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating carpal tunnel syndrome: A literature review

Introduction: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment neuropathy, significantly affecting upper limb function and work productivity. First described by Paget in 1854, CTS is primarily diagnosed clinically based on symptoms such as numbness and tingling, often worsening at night, and positive provocative tests. Its pathophysiology involves increased pressure within the carpal tunnel, ischemia, inflammation, and genetic predispositions. Treatment options include conservative approaches like splinting and pharmacotherapy, as well as surgical decompression. Recently, minimally invasive methods such as acupuncture have gained attention, particularly in cases where conventional treatments are ineffective.   Aim: This article aims to review the pathophysiology and standard treatments of CTS, with a particular focus on assessing the role and effectiveness of acupuncture as a minimally invasive therapeutic alternative.   Review Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on the following keywords: acupuncture, carpal tunnel syndrome treatment, and pathophysiology of carpal tunnel syndrome.   Conclusion: Acupuncture-especially manual acupuncture and when combined with other interventions like splinting-shows promise in reducing CTS symptoms and improving functional outcomes. In some cases, it may be more effective than pharmacological treatments. Neuroimaging studies have indicated that acupuncture may trigger objective neurophysiological changes associated with symptom relief. However, the current quality of evidence is generally low or very low, underscoring the need for more rigorous, large-scale randomized controlled trials to better define its efficacy and establish standardized treatment protocol

The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psychiatric disorder

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that has a destructive effect on the joints, but also leads to many systemic complications, including mental disorders. This review will present the co-occurrence of mood disorders, such as depression, anxiety and cognitive disorders, in patients with RA and analyze the potential pathophysiological mechanisms. The impact of chronic inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) on the central nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) will be discussed. When rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is accompanied by mental health disorders, treatment methods used for RA may be less effective. This can make the condition harder to manage, increasing pain and reducing the quality of life. Additionally, the paper will present the impact of pain, fatigue and reduced physical fitness on the deterioration of the mental health of patients. In addition to the pharmacological treatment used for RA, which is also not neutral to patient’s health, additional therapeutic options such as psychological interventions will be discussed. Considering both somatic and psychological aspects, an interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of patients with RA is very important

Fenestra coeli. The Virgin Mary Symbolized as the Window of Heaven in Images of the Annunciation

This article aims two main objectives. First, it intends to shed light on how the metaphor “window of heaven” (fenestra coeli) applied to the Virgin Mary translates the doctrinal meaning of her virginal divine motherhood. Second, it seeks to demonstrate that the circumstance that in some paintings of the Annunciation a window is crossed by a ray of light metaphorizes the virginal conception and the supernatural birth of God the Son incarnated as a man in Mary’s spotless womb. To achieve these objectives, we will use a double series of comparative analyses as methodological resources: first of all, we will expose many texts by Church Fathers, theologians, and liturgical hymnographers that allude to Mary as a window of heaven; then we will consider eleven paintings of the Annunciation in which the ray of light coming from God the Father passes through a window before reaching the Virgin. By relating these texts and these images, we can conclude that the proposed objectives are met with good logic

Insight into practices of Warsaw's multilocal residents: spatial and temporal arrangements, motives, types of residence and use of public services

The article aims to present the multilocal residence practices of Warsaw inhabitants by focusing on four key aspects: the distribution of living arrangements across space and time, the underlying motives, housing solutions, and patterns of use of public services. In this exploratory study, we describe selected results from the first ever analysis of multilocal residency in Poland, which was based on data obtained through a nationwide research panel carried out in 2023. Here, we focus on multilocal Varsovians (n=445). Analyses indicate that having two places of stay not far from each other was dominant among the group being researched. A concentration of places in the Mazovia Voivodeship was evident, as was the long duration for which multilocal residents had used both areas of stay...

Procedure for the deepening of depression in an 8-year-old child with intellectual distability in an integrated school

Depression is a health problem that is increasingly diagnosed in children and adolescents. The presentad worki s a case study of a child with intellectual disabilities. In the first part, depressive states in children with intellectual disabilities were described. The second part presentes care procedur es in the event of deepening depression in an 8 –year-old child with intellectual distability in an integrated school. Thea im of the work is to plan nursing care for a child with depression in an integrated environment. The care process included the child’s mental,physical and sexual problems, golas and patient care plan in an integrated school

Yerba Mate: The Natural Boost Your Body Craves

Introduction: Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a traditional South American infusion known for its stimulant and antioxidant properties. Historically consumed for its energizing effects, it was also regarded as a medicinal remedy by indigenous cultures, used to treat fatigue, stress and digestive issues [1, 2]. In recent decades, Yerba Mate has gained global recognition and has garnered scientific interest due to its potential health benefits such as improving cardiovascular health, metabolic function and supporting physical performance [1–5]. Its rich content of polyphenols, xanthines and saponins may contribute to a range of protective and restorative effects on the human body [1, 8]. Purpose of the work: The aim of this study is to evaluate existing research on the effects of Yerba Mate consumption on human health and athletic performance, with a focus on its antioxidant activity, metabolic support and cardiovascular benefits. Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases, encompassing clinical studies, randomized trials and relevant animal model research on the bioactive effects of Yerba Mate. Results: This review indicates that Yerba Mate may support lipid metabolism, reduce oxidative stress and improve cardiovascular markers [3–5, 7, 8]. Furthermore, its caffeine content and phytochemical profile may serve as a natural alternative to synthetic stimulants used by athletes [1, 5, 13]. Nonetheless, more rigorous clinical trials are needed to fully establish its efficacy and safety profile in athletic and general populations