Accessibility, governance, and evidence systems: A literature review of disability policy in Indonesia (2020–2025)

Disability policy in Indonesia has advanced through rights-based legal reforms, yet translating commitments into inclusive practice remains uneven. This study aimed to map dominant themes in Indonesia’s disability policy literature (2020–2025), identify recurring implementation gaps, and derive evidence-informed policy implications. A literature review was conducted following PRISMA reporting guidance, applying PECO-based eligibility criteria to peer-reviewed studies indexed in Scopus and to relevant official policy documents. The included evidence (N = 8) was synthesised qualitatively through thematic synthesis to consolidate heterogeneous findings across legal, governance, and service-inclusion perspectives. Five cross-cutting themes emerged: (1) rights-based and anti-discrimination orientation, (2) accessibility and reasonable accommodation, (3) inclusion in basic services (health, education, employment, and social protection), (4) cross-sector governance and coordination, and (5) disability data and monitoring–evaluation capacity. Across themes, the most persistent gap was the de jure-de facto divide, in which legal recognition is not consistently embedded into enforceable standards, budgeted routines, and accountable delivery systems, particularly within decentralised implementation. Policy implications highlight the need to institutionalise accessibility and accommodation standards, strengthen inter-agency coordination and oversight pathways, and improve disaggregated disability data to enable measurable evaluation and learning.

Work culture and public service ethics in the modern era

The development of digital technology and the demands of good governance have fundamentally transformed work culture and public service ethics in the modern era. This article aims to examine the relationship between the transformation of work culture, ethical challenges, and strategies for enhancing professionalism in public service through a systematic literature review. The findings indicate that digitalisation is driving a shift in work culture values from rigid hierarchies towards collaboration, innovation, and a digital mindset, whilst simultaneously presenting new ethical dilemmas such as the protection of personal data, algorithmic bias, the dehumanisation of services, and technological access inequalities. Key findings reveal that professionalism among public servants requires more than just technical competence; it necessitates moral resilience, ethical digital literacy, and a commitment to principles of social justice. Effective strategies for enhancing service ethics include continuous ethics education, exemplary leadership, integrity-based reward and punishment systems, participatory codes of ethics, and internal and external oversight involving the public. This study concludes that an ethical and professional work culture is a crucial foundation for realising fair, inclusive, transparent, and sustainable public services in the dynamic digital age

Artificial intelligence for the teaching-learning process of physics

The research examined the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the teaching of physics at the 5 de Mayo Educational Unit in Chone during 2024. The study focused on understanding its benefits and limitations in a context with technological gaps, complex for teachers and students at these levels. Artificial Intelligence, arguably, is a transformative tool that facilitates the understanding of abstract concepts through simulations, personalizes learning, motivates students, and promotes inclusion. However, it also warned of risks such as overdependence, loss of critical thinking, and inequity if not implemented with ethical and pedagogical criteria. Using a mixed methodological approach, 40 students and 5 teachers were surveyed and interviewed. The results indicated that approximately half of the students perceive that AI facilitates understanding and makes the subject more attractive, although another segment showed neutral or negative positions due to a lack of technological familiarity or limited teacher support. Teachers recognized AI's potential to personalize learning and identify difficulties, but they did not report a significant reduction in their workload or fully trust automated assessment

Developing the team of Primary School Principals in Hai Phong City to meet the requirements of the two-level local government model in Vietnam

The development of the team of primary school principals in Hai Phong City is facing new challenges as the two-level local government model is being implemented. This study analyzes the current situation and proposes solutions for developing the team of principals to meet the educational management requirements in the context of administrative reform. The results indicate the need to focus on enhancing leadership and school management capacity, adapting to the new management mechanism, and developing modern management skills. The study proposes a model for developing the team of principals, including solutions for recruitment, training, professional development, and evaluation, aligned with the characteristics of the two-level local government model in Hai Phong

The success of public broadcasters in the digital era: The case of the BBC

This research paper is focused on examining the factors that determine the success of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in the digital realm. The success of the BBC was determined by the emphasis on universality and the quality of the production of journalism, therefore, by its commitment to mission and values during analog television broadcasting. Based on the above-mentioned, we assume that the BBC follows the same approach in implementing modern digital ways of distributing its content. The study's findings were derived from the description and analysis of strategic documents and the digital representation of the BBC, and it provides insight into the fundamentals of successful digital communication for traditional media, particularly public broadcasting

Educational gamification as an alternative for teaching high school students of the Sucre Mieles” Educational Unit

The investigation was related to educational gamification as an alternative for teaching high school students of the “Sucre Mieles” Educational Unit, the connection between Gamification and teaching in students will help to have a better understanding and development of the tool. Its objective was to determine the importance of gamification in the teaching process of Geography to the institution's upper-basic students to improve their learning. The research was applied with a focus on quantitative, the methods used were inductive and deductive. A level of correlational research and the type of experimental research that enhanced the research were determined. Information was collected through a knowledge test on 20 students from the control group and 20 from the experimental group. The results presented show that by using technological resources the interest of students is aroused. At the same time, a positive impact is evident on the learning of this subject, which is always difficult for students to understand and, therefore, to learn. Finally, it is concluded that The Google map application helped the students to observe the knowledge of the geographical elements and the level of learning that the students achieved,,,&nbsp

Students’ attitudes towards the utilization of guidance and counselling services in schools

  Guidance and counselling services are a vital component of holistic education, yet their utilization by high school students in Ghana remains low despite moderate awareness. This mixed-methods study investigated students' attitudes and the factors influencing their engagement with these services, drawing on a sample of 362 students and six key informants (head teachers and counselors). The findings reveal a significant gap between students' recognition of a personal need for counselling and their actual willingness to seek it. The results highlight that the decision to utilize services is critically influenced by factors such as counselor ethics, trust, and confidentiality, with a counselor's reputation and a conducive environment being paramount. Peer-driven social stigma also emerged as a powerful deterrent, with students more likely to be discouraged by negative peer opinions than encouraged by positive ones. Conversely, teacher recommendations were found to be a strong enabler. The study concludes that interventions aimed at improving utilization must focus on building a culture of trust and privacy, rather than just increasing awareness. The implications suggest a need for policymakers to invest in professionally trained counselors and for practitioners to prioritize ethical transparency and confidential, welcoming spaces

The influence of brand image on consumer purchasing decisions at Isola Wine Bali

This study aims to analyse the influence of brand image on consumer purchasing decisions on Isola Wine Bali, a local wine product that combines Italian viticultural traditions with the natural wealth of Bali. Data was collected through distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents who are Isola Wine consumers in 2025, and analysed using multiple linear regression through the IBM SPSS version 25 application. The results showed that brand image has a positive and significant influence on consumer purchasing decisions. The higher consumers' positive perception of Isola Wine Bali's brand image, the more likely they are to make a purchase. The findings provide important implications for local product marketing strategies, especially in strengthening brand image to increase purchasing decisions

Social inclusion in the cognitive development of children in the educational unit 24 De Julio Chone-Manabí

Research was conducted on social inclusion in the cognitive development of boys and girls at the 24 de Julio Chone Educational Unit. The objective was to determine the impact of social inclusion on the cognitive development of children at this institution. A mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) was adopted, including analytical and systemic methods and descriptive methods. The techniques used included an observation sheet for classroom students and an interview with the grade-school teacher. The sample consisted of teachers, administrators, and students, while the sample consisted of 25 students from the school and the grade-school teacher. By observing the unique characteristics of each child and, above all, by paying attention to their abilities, these served as the main support point for developing inclusion strategies. The result was that, with the use of strategies related to Neuropedagogy, through the creation of a drawing by the children, there was a positive impact since they were able to identify and graphically describe the characters in the reading, showing that through these types of strategies related to the plastic arts, the children were able to improve their reading comprehension

The current state of preschool management in accordance with quality accreditation requirements in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

This article examines the current state of preschool management in Ho Chi Minh City according to quality accreditation requirements. Early childhood education is the first level in the national education system and plays a crucial role in the holistic development of children. This study surveys various aspects of preschool management, including organization, management, facilities, teaching staff, and the relationship between schools, families, and communities, in meeting national education quality accreditation standards. The research uses a quantitative approach, with a survey conducted among 550 participants, including educational managers, teachers, staff, and parents. The survey results indicate that preschools have made significant progress in areas such as developing strategic plans, optimizing resources, and improving educational quality. However, challenges remain, including issues of transparency in sharing development plans, limited parental and community involvement, and inconsistencies in implementing the preschool education program across schools