El debido proceso en el derecho administrativo sancionatorio frente a las infracciones a las normas de transporte terrestre en Colombia : (estudio a partir de la legislación, la doctrina y jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional y del Consejo de Estado)

El estudio, se desarrolla en tres capítulos temáticos con plena coherencia desde los objetivos específicos trazados en la propuesta de investigación: En el primer capítulo se estudia el régimen administrativo sancionatorio en Colombia, con énfasis en sus características, desde este cauce se realizan acercamientos a diferentes tipos de procesos sancionatorios como son el disciplinario, el de Policía, y el de tránsito, con el propósito de identificar su connotación sustancial y estructuras procesales, reforzando el contexto de derechos y garantías por cada tipología procesal, con armonización al tema central de la investigación. En el segundo capítulo se realiza la descripción del régimen sancionatorio en materia de transporte terrestre en Colombia de forma precisa y específica, tomando como soporte la legislación y la doctrina, mismo que se desarrolla desde la revisión de la ley 105 de 1993 y la ley 336 de 1996, esta última conocida como Estatuto marco de transporte y de sus decretos reglamentarios. Para el caso de la doctrina se acude a la visión de importantes doctrinantes en la materia, desde la cual se permite observar la estructura del proceso y sus garantías al debido proceso, desde una cosmovisión diferente en cuanto al reforzamiento de concepciones sistematizadoras del derecho del transporte terrestre y sus dinámicas de control y sanción. En el tercer capítulo se desarrolla el análisis del debido proceso en el régimen sancionatorio del transporte terrestre desde la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional y del Consejo de Estado.Magíster en Derecho Procesal ContemporáneoMaestrí

Use of information and communication technologies in journalistic writing and development of critical thinking [Uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación en la escritura periodística y desarrollo del pensamiento crítico1]

School journalism with Information and Communication Technologies was implemented to improve critical thinking in secondary school students; the critical thinking was measured using a pretest-posttest and control group quasi-experimental design. ICTs were used, since writing and rewriting work and also consulting reliable sources, a basic element of critical thinking, is more viable when using technology. Digital databases and computer programs were used for the edition and layout of the newspaper, as well as social media for interactions. The experimental group made school newspapers collaboratively and the control group did not; when comparing their scores, it was found that those who produced newspapers using ICTs increased their critical thinking score by six times compared with the control group. These differences are statistically significant, so there is empirical evidence to affirm that the use of ICT favors the development of critical thinking since they generate collaborative environments that motivate writing. © 2020, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved

The social discount rate and the environment [La tasa social de descuento y el medio ambiente]

[No abstract available

Social innovation: Evolution of the concept over time [Innovación social: Evolución del concepto en el tiempo]

This article aims to characterize innovation based on the evolution it has had over time, and emphasizing the measurement criteria used between 2016 and 2018. In the first instance, elements are needed to understand the phenomenon and its different meanings, and then carry out a comparative review between sources and existing proposals. Data mining and qualitative analysis of the categories selected in the study were applied, supported by information from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science and Scielo. The exercise was carried out with the support of the Technological Surveillance and Competitive Intelligence Program of the Center for Research for Development and Innovation of the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, supplemented with specific searches. The main findings show trends compared to authors and types of metrics used in our context, which allows showing the growing importance of social innovation and its measurements at the level of results, effects and impacts, as part of the scientific work in the Latin American social field. © 2020, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved

Economic openness and trade policy: Struggles of the dairy sector in colombia [Apertura económica y política comercial: Estudio del sector lácteo y sus dificultades en colombia]

Since the economic openness in Colombia, some economic sectors have experienced significant challenges to compete with foreign products, as is the case of the dairy sector. Thus, this article provides an analysis between economic openness and the behavior of the dairy sector in Colombia, considering that many products in this industry have applied prohibitive custom rates and bound tariffs, making the dairy sector the one with the highest level of tariff protectionism. Therefore, variables such as exports, imports, productive capacity, consumption, among others, were analyzed at the national level and in Latin America-The Caribbean. The results show that in Colombia there are excessive levels of tariff protectionism and a growth in imports in the dairy sector, reflecting internal problems of productive efficiency and competitiveness. In conclusion, it is proposed to focus Colombian exports on products with higher added value and continue with the efforts to modernize and capitalize the dairy supply chain, to offer competitive national prices and satisfy domestic demand. © 2020, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved

Genetic Algorithms for the Picker Routing Problem in Multi-block Warehouses

This article presents a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the picker routing problem in multiple-block warehouses in order to minimize the traveled distance. The GA uses survival, crossover, immigration, and mutation operators, and is complemented by a local search heuristic. The genetic algorithm provides average distance savings of 13.9% when compared with s-shape strategy, and distance savings of 23.3% when compared with the GA with the aisle-by-aisle policy. We concluded that the GA performs better as the number of blocks increases, and as the percentage of picking locations to visit decreases. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Data fusion and information quality for biometric identification from multimodal signals [Modelo jdl y calidad de la información para identificación biométrica a partir de señales multimodales: Estudio exploratorio]

Biometric identification is carried out by processing physiological traits and signals. Biometrics systems are an open field of research and development, since they are permanently susceptible to attacks demanding permanent development to maintain their confidence. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effects of the quality of information on biometric identification and consider it in access control systems. This paper proposes a data fusion model for the development of biometrics systems considering the assessment of information quality. This proposal is based on the JDL (Joint Directors of Laboratories) data fusion model, which includes raw data processing, pattern detection, situation assessment and risk or impact. The results demonstrated the functionality of the proposed model and its potential compared to other traditional identification models. © 2020, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved

Formulations for joint order picking problems in low-level picker-to-part systems

This article introduces several mathematical formulations for the joint order picking problem (JOPP) in low-level picker-to-part warehousing systems. In order to represent real warehousing environments, the proposed models minimize performance measures such as travel distance, travel time and tardiness, considering multi-block warehouses, due dates, and multiple pickers. The number of constraints and decision variables required for each proposed model is calculated, demonstrating the complexity of solving medium and long-sized problems in reasonable computing time using exact methods, so it is still recommendable to solve these JOPP using metaheuristics. The proposed models can be followed as a reference for new solution methods that yield efficient and fast solutions. © 2020, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved

International market selection methodology: A case analysis for the export of carbonated beverages [Metodología para la seleccon de mercados internacionales: Un analisis de caso para la exportacon de bebidas carbonatadas]

[No abstract available

A new way for comparing solutions to non-technical electricity losses in South America

Non-technical losses are a component of energy losses associated with energy theft and fraud by the final consumers, hindering revenues of distribution utilities. This paper aims to compare the implemented solutions in the countries of South America to reduce non-technical losses. In this comparison, we introduce a new indicator based on the World Bank's database as input information. Considering that some regulatory agencies take policy actions related to non-technical losses to improve the quality of the electricity supply, we also present a correlation analysis of the proposed indicator and the electricity supply quality index. This analysis shows that in most of South America's countries, there is a high correlation within the studied horizon. An adequate characterization of the temporal variation in the proposed indicator can characterize the evolution of the consumers' perception of the quality in the electricity supply. This indicator allows each country's regulatory agency to analyze how the performed action is reducing non-technical losses concerning neighboring countries. © 2020 Elsevier Lt