Sediment core description of GeoB24367-1 (MUC25) recovered during R/V Sonne expedition SO278 at Sartori MV in the Calabrian Arc, Mediterranean Sea

Sediment core GeoB24367-1 (MUC25) was collected during R/V Sonne expedition SO278 using a multi corer. The position is close to the Sartori Mud Volcano located in the Calabrian accretionary prism (Mediterranean Sea). To capture the sedimentary structure, the multi core was longitudinally split and the archive halve was photographed using a camera at a 300-dpi resolution. To investigate lithological changes in more detail, a macroscopic core description is prepared. The core description provides information regarding core length, exact position, water depth, number of core sections, core image, color, lithology, sedimentary structures and a descriptive text. Sediment color was determined qualitatively using Munsell soil color charts

Pliocene planktonic and benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotope ratios from IODP Hole 306-U1313A

Here we present Pliocene planktonic (three species) and benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotope ratios from IODP Site U1313 (hole A), recovered from the North Atlantic Ocean. Analyses were carried out at the Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University using a Thermo Fisher Scientific MAT 253plus mass spectrometer coupled to a Kiel IV carbonate preparation device. Measurements were performed on ~20–80 µg of test fragments. Results are reported relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB), calibrated using International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-603

Total organic carbon (TOC) concentration from drillhole FB2001 located in Messel (Darmstadt)

We analyzed 10 samples from the FB2001 depth interval 10-9 m for their Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content. This new data set is supplementary to the existing TOC record of Bauersachs et al. (2014) for the depth interval 145-1 m of the same core. The new samples were measured due to low spatial resolution of the existing TOC data set (~two samples per meter; Bauersachs et al., 2014; doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.015) relative to the gamma-ray data (~10 data points per meter), and thus allow for a same-resolution assessment of the gamma-ray/TOC relationship. For the TOC measurements we followed the protocol of Bauersachs et al. (2014). In short, the dried and powdered sediment samples (ca. 30 mg) were pretreated with excess 2M hydrochloric acid (HCl) to remove carbonates, neutralized with distilled water, and again dried at 50 °C for 24 h. Subsequently, samples were measured in duplicates using a CS-Analyser 144DR (Leco Coopeation) at the Institute of Earth Sciences at Heidelberg University with a sample reproducibility of < 0.5%

Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Kongsberg EM 122 entire dataset) of RV MARIA S. MERIAN during cruise MSM121

Raw multibeam bathymetry data were collected aboard RV MARIA S. MERIAN during cruise MSM121 using a Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder. The expedition took place during 2023-09-23 - 2023-10-16 from Nuuk (Greenland) to Ponta Delgada (Azores) in the Northern Atlantic Ocean. Data were recorded in the EEZs of Greenland and Canada and outside. MSM121 focused on three aspects: The deployment of tall current meter moorings along sections perpendicular to the DWBC at depths ranging from 800 m to 4200 m, the deployment of inverted echo sounders (IES) south of Flemish Cap, and supporting full-depth CTD casts along the moored arrays. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. Please see environmental data and the cruise report for details. The data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) if not further processed. Note that refraction errors may occur when no proper SVP is applied. Acquisition and provision of the data are part of the DAM Underway Project and are according to the FAIR principles

Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Kongsberg EM712 entire dataset) of RV MARIA S. MERIAN during cruise MSM107

Raw multibeam bathymetry data were collected aboard RV MARIA S. MERIAN during cruise MSM107 using a Kongsberg EM 712 multibeam echosounder. The expedition took place during 18.05.2022 and 03.06.2022 from Bremerhaven (Germany) - Tromsø (Norway) in the Northern Atlantic Ocean. Data were recorded outside EEZs. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. Please see environmental data and the cruise report for details. The data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) if not further processed. Note that refraction errors may occur when no proper SVP is applied. The main aim of MSM107 was to study organic matter formation, transport and transformation on and off the western Irish shelf. The research is part of a larger research project to quantify the contribution from shelf production to deep ocean carbon storage. Acquisition and provision of the data are part of the DAM Underway Project

Physical oceanography during RV METEOR cruise M164

The CTD data on cruise M164 contain oceanic measurements of temperature, salinity, oxygen and pressure at 126 stations. The data were collected with the research vessel Meteor during cruise M164: Region: subpolar North Atlantic, 9°W-47°W, 45°N-53°N; Ports: Emden - Emden; Date: June 23 - July 31, 2020 . The data where collected by a CTD device of type SBE 9. The CTD was mounted to a metal frame with 22 water sample bottles, which was lowered from the sea surface down to 10 m above the seafloor. The sampling frequency was 24 Hz, the raw data were then interpolated on 1 dbar intervals. Salinity and oxygen data from the CTD were calibrated by comparison with samples from the water bottles. The bottle salinity was analysed by a salinometer of type Guildline Autosal 8400A, bottle oxygen samples by Winkler titration. The accuracy of the calibrated CTD measurements is: 1 dbar for pressure, 0.001 °C for temperature, 0.0025 for salinity, 3.0 µmol/kg for oxygen. Detailed information can be found in the cruise report: https://doi.org/10.48433/cr_m164

Heatwaves experiment in the Kiel Outdoor Benthocosm 2015: consumers' respiration

The data were generated during an experiment simulating different frequencies of heatwaves (zero, one and three) in late spring/summer. The experiment was carried out at the Kiel Outdoor Benthocosm (KOB) of GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, located at the Kiel Fjord. The consumers were collected from the mesocosm tanks and the respiration rates were measured in the lab. The measurements were carried out on 10.08.2015 (Idotea balthica), 11.08.2015 (Littorina littorea) and 14.08.2015 (Gammarus sp.). The organisms were kept in gas-tight bottles equipped with sensor spots for non-invasive oxygen measurements, which allowed continuous oxygen logging. Throughout the measurements, the bottles were kept in water baths with temperature set to 19.7 °C, which was the temperature all the KOB tanks were exposed to at the time of the measurements. The oxygen values were converted to carbon and normalized by the area of the tank (1.53 m2) per day