AHC interview with John Egon Garmat.

00:00 short description of life story12:05 family background and religion in family15:00 life in Austria18:15 emigration19:35 looting of shops21:15 life in Vienna30:00 emigration35:10 awareness of Nazi threat before Anschluss36:55 family attitude towards Zionism38:20 Kristallnacht39:55 living in the US45:10 Israel48:25 connections to Austria today55:50 US politics58:35 childrenMarch 15, 2017John Egon Garmat was born as Egon Gyrmatti in Vienna, Austria on Feb. 17, 1933. He left Austria at the age of five by way of Prague and Le Havre. He and his family lived in the Bronx, N.Y. and after finishing his education he worked for the US government.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Liane Winrow Lunden.

February 27, 20170:00 family history4:30 short description of life story18:15 information about affidavit19:30 family background21:05 childhood in Vienna26:05 Anschluss and aftermath28:25 emigration30:15 living in the US34:55 connections to Austria today39:20 feelings as a survivor41:50 politics in Europe42:50 her children44:20 Israel and Zionism46:45 conclusion and talk with her son about her volunteer workLiane Winrow Lunden was born as Liane Weihrauch on May 15 1930 in Vienna, Austria. Her grandparents were of Polish descent, but her parents were both born in Vienna. Liane grew up in Floridsdorf and fled Austria in August 1938, immigrating to the United States. In 1945 she changed her last name to Winrow.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Eric Ungar.

0:00:25-0:03:22 School years in Vienna0:03:24-0:05:09, 0:41:16-0:45:27 Consequences of the “Anschluss” for the family0:05:34-0:08:09 Getting documents for the emigration and leaving Vienna0:08:14-0:10:45 Emigration from Vienna to St. Louis and arrival there0:10:48-0:12:17 Education in St. Louis0:12:17-0:15:34 Time in the military0:15:35-0:17:45 Career0:17:37-0:21:47 Paternal and maternal grandparents0:22:25-0:26:12 Parents’ professional life0:26:15-0:29:15 Parental home in Vienna and in the USA0:30:43-0:33:43 Role of religion0:39:00-0:41:13 Anti-Semitism after the “Anschluss”0:47:22-0:48:31, 0:53:55-0:55:18 Contact with family members after the emigration 0:48:40-0:49:50 Anti-Semitism in the American army0:49:56-0:53:34 Sentiments towards the German population during his time in the army0:55:46-0:56:28 Attitude towards the State of Israel0:57:07-1:00:13 Connections to Austria today1:00:19-1:02:27 Austria’s way of dealing with its past1:02:33-1:03:22 Political situation in America today1:03:26-1:06:44 Children’s and grandchildren’s relation to their Austrian heritageOctober 26, 2017Eric Ungar was born on November 12, 1926 in Vienna, Austria, where he grew up in the second district. He lived with his parents (Sabina née Schlesinger and Isidor Ungar), his younger brother Fritz Carl Ungar (born on April 3, 1931) and a maid in an apartment on Novaragasse 38. He went to elementary school and high school in Vienna until the “Anschluss” when he had to change to a middle school and eventually quit going to school. Shortly before their emigration, the family moved to an apartment on Fleischmarkt in the 1st district, close to Isidor Ungar’s department store, because he believed it to be safer in an area with fewer Jews.The family got an affidavit from a stranger, whom Hilde Feuerstein (Eric Ungar’s maternal aunt) in the United States had met at the synagogue. The family managed to go to Holland by train, just shortly before they would have had to show up at an “Umschlagplatz”. On October 23, 1939 they went to New York on the ship "Westernland", from the Holland-America line, and they arrived on November 5, 1939. From New York they took a train to St. Louis, Missouri.Eric Ungar continued his education in St. Louis and got a scholarship for the Washington University in St. Louis, where he studied for one year before he voluntarily joined the military when he was 18 years old. During his time in the army he was stationed in Belgium and Germany for about three years and worked on the repatriation of American soldiers. After he graduated from Washington University and married in 1951, he worked and continued his studies in Albuquerque until 1953 before he got his doctorate from New York University in 1958. He then settled in Newton, MA.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Edith Matous.

November 28, 20170:00:15-0:01:10 Growing up in Vienna0:01:11-0:09:42 Parental home0:09:44-0:10:46 Impact of the “Anschluss”0:10:48-0:11:14 The day Hitler marched in0:11:21-0:12:40 School and religion0:12:42-0:17:58 Being expelled from school0:18:00-0:23:04, 1:38:07-1:39:43 Recollections of Vienna during the war0:23:05-0:24:46 Constant fear of being caught0:24:47-0:29:50 Work in a dry cleaning plant0:29:51-0:31:41, 1:42:30-1:46:07 Encounters with Gestapo0:33:48-0:37:20 Mother’s occupation0:37:21-0:40:53, 1:46:09-1:47:00 Classification as ”Halbjuden” and examinations by “anthropologists”0:42:07-0:43:46 Nazi propaganda0:44:32-0:48:55 End of war and Russian occupation0:48:57-0:53:18 Nursing school and work at Allgemeines Krankenhaus0:53:22-0:55:43 Getting married and obtaining visas0:55:44-1:00:00 Emigration route1:00:00-1:08:43 Life in Canada1:08:44-1:13:00 Educational life and career1:13:07-1:21:25 Memories of family members1:23:13-1:24:24 Relations to Austria1:25:05-1:27:30 Neighborhood and friends in Vienna1:34:14-1:35:17 Recollections of “Kristallnacht”1:39:45-1:42:26 Anti-Semitism2:01:38-2:09:07, 2:11:40-2:13:30 Thoughts on Austrian society2:09:08-2:11:37 Visiting her former apartment in Vienna2:21:23-2:25:38 Final messageEdith Matous née Weiss was born on September 5, 1927 in Vienna, Austria. She grew up with her parents, Markus Weiss and Marie Augusta, née Coen Weiss and her older sister Anny, married Kainz in a small apartment in Apollogasse 12 in Vienna’s seventh district. Her father was Jewish and her mother had converted from Catholicism to Judaism. Edith’s father died in 1933. After the “Anschluss” her mother converted back to Catholicism and Edith and her sister were baptized in the Catholic Church. They were classified as “Halbjuden” under the Nuremberg laws. Edith attended elementary school and then was transferred to a secondary Hauptschule, reserved for “half-Jews”. After having finished Hauptschule in 1941, Edith was not allowed to learn a trade; she and her sister were assigned to work in a dry cleaning plant, where she worked until the end of the war. Edith and her sister tried to get their classification as “Halbjuden” changed to “Aryan”, and they underwent examinations by “anthropologists”. During the war Edith and her sister refused to wear their yellow badges, except when facing authority such as the Gestapo. Their lives consisted of constant apprehension about being “discovered” and fear of deportation. When the war was over, Edith attended nursing school in Lainz for three years. She then started working at Vienna’s main hospital, Allgemeines Krankenhaus. She got married to Hans Matous in January 1951, and they both obtained visas for Canada the same year. They left Austria in November 1951, taking the ship Saturnia from Genoa to Halifax. They lived in various cities in Canada, and Edith worked as a nurse. Edith got her bachelor and master’s degrees and taught nursing in Papua New Guinea. She settled in Victoria, British Columbia in 1969.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Hanna Klaus.

00:00 short description of life story5:20 family background12:35 life in Vienna17:05 religion in family21:20 anitsemitism in Austria and Germany22:20 political incidents and politics in family24:05 family attitude towards Zionism25:05 life in Austria26:05 Anschluss and aftermath30:30 relating antisemtism to racism and segregation32:35 Kristallnacht and family in Holocaust33:30 emigration and life during war36:50 parents' emigration37:35 life in England38:45 coming to the US41:00 parents' religion and occupations44:55 own religion and antisemitism47:25 awareness of war and final solution49:40 Israel54:40 connections to Austria today57:45 European politics1:00:45 Holocaust memorialsMarch 16, 2017Hanna Klaus was born on Jan. 1, 1928 in Vienna, Austria. She left Austria in June 1939 with the help of Kindertransport to England. She lived in London and later in North Wales, where she attended school. After one year she immigrated to the United States, where she reunited with her parents.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Alexander Stolzberg.

March 13, 20170:00:00-0:06:50 short summary of life story0:06:50-0:08:00 grandparents0:08:00-0:08:50 grandparent's descent0:08:50-0:09:40 parents’ occupation0:09:40-0:11:05 religion0:11:05-0:11:45 Hebrew/Yiddish spoken in the family0:11:45-0:12:45 location of home in Vienna0:12:45-0:13:50 neighborhood0:13:50-0:15:15 parental friends (were they mainly Jewish?)0:15:15-0:16:05 description of home0:16:05-0:17:00 schools attended0:17:00-0:19:40 the day of the Anschluss, arrest of father0:19:40-0:20:50 fleeing Austria for Yugoslavia0:20:50-0:22:50 Germans invade Yugoslavia in 1941; flight to Hungary0:22:50-0:26:15 Belgrade and Subotica0:26:15-0:31:45 internment camp Kistarcsa, Raoul Wallenberg, Red Cross camp0:31:45-0:32:35 liberation0:32:35-0:34:15 jail in Subotica0:34:15-0:36:15 life in the Red Cross home0:36:15-0:37:15 the day of liberation0:37:15-0:41:30 liberation of Auschwitz, mother searches for Alexander and his brother0:41:30-0:44:35 London0:44:35-0:47:05 mother's search for Alexander and his brother; Hias0:47:05-0:50:00 life in London0:50:00-0:51:30 immigration to US0:51:30-56:50 life in New York56:50-57:30 November pogrom57:30-1:00:00 antisemitism after the war1:01:00-1:03:30 work in London1:03:30-1:07:15 Israel1:07:15-1:10:00 Israeli-Palestinian conflict1:10:00-1:11:15 remaining connections to Austria1:11:15-1:12:35 revisiting Austria1:12:35-1:13:45 German language1:13:45-1:14:40 children1:14:40 present political situation and final statementAlexander Stolzberg was born in 1934 in Vienna, Austria. He lived with his parents and his brother in an apartment building like many others in Vienna’s 2nd District; their home was directly above the father’s grocery store in Glockengasse. Shortly after the “Anschluss” Alexander’s father died, but the family stayed in Vienna until 1940. At that point they decided that it was necessary to leave Austria, and they fled illegally to Yugoslavia. After staying with relatives for a while, the Stolzbergs went on to Belgrade, where they lived for six months. When the Germans attacked, the family fled to Hungary, where they lived in Hungarian occupied Subotica. In 1944 they were arrested and sent to the internment camp Kistarcsa close to Budapest. After approximately four weeks, Alexander and his brother got the chance to live in a Red Cross home. This was arranged for them by Raoul Wallenberg, who saved tens of thousands of Jews in Nazi-occupied Hungary. The two brothers stayed in the Red Cross home until the Russian army liberated Budapest, and they were freed. Their mother was deported to Auschwitz, where she survived. She returned to post-war Hungary to look for her sons and found them outside of Budapest, where they had been taken care of by the organization Hias. The Stolzbergs stayed in Budapest until the middle of 1946, when relatives in London took Alexander and his brother out of Hungary. They stayed in London for a couple of years, before Alexander got a visa for the United States, where he went to College and got a government job.Austrian Heritage Collectio

AHC interview with Marion Halper.

October 18, 20170:24- 2:04 Memories of growing up in Vienna2:05- 3:20; 19:33-20:34; 21:10-21:25; 41:02-42:40 Father’s store sold via Postsparkasse3:23- 3:50 Emigration to England in 19383:51- 7:14 Parent’s occupation while living in England7:14- 7:54 English uncle and aunt7:56 – 8:35 Leaving Vienna in April 19388:36- 9:35 Going to School in the UK9:36- 12:53 Life and career in New York12:56- 13:40 Grandparents14:12- 16:45 Kindergarten in Vienna and English governess16:57- 19:31; 33:18-34:10 Religion22:14-23:02 Speaking German23:02-24:49; 34:36-36:53 Going back to Austria and visiting former store and apartment39:26-40:30 During the “Blitz” in EnglandMarion Halper née Klausner was born on April 27, 1933 in Vienna, Austria. She grew up as an only child with her parents and a maid in a large apartment in Schottenfeldgasse 25 in Vienna’s seventh district. She attended kindergarten in Vienna for a short time and then had an English governess. Her father co-owned a clothing store called Kleiderhaus Klausner & Liner in Reindorfgasse 34, in Vienna’s 14th district that he was forced to sell in 1938. The price for his business was determined by an Austrian buyer. Together with the grandparents on both sides, the family decided to go to England in April 1938, as Marion’s uncle (her father’s brother) and aunt, Assia and Joe Klausner, were British citizens living there. They lived in London through most of the bombing and decided to go to the US for better job opportunities as soon as the war was over. They came to New York in November 1945. Marion went to school, worked for the radio station WOV and then in an advertising agency and eventually became a realtor.Austrian Heritage Collectio

I would like the whole world to know : how, and why my dear parents died.

Richly illustrated booklet in memory of the author's parents.Charles Leigh was born in Berlin in 1926 as Karlheinz Liebenau. He left for England with the help of 'Kindertransport' in 1939.Copies of the manuscript were sent to United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Yad Vashem, Jerusalem; Judisches Museum Berlin; Wiener Library; and The Jewish Museum, London

AHC interview with Stephen Winter.

October 26, 2017Bettina Winter (Stephen Winter's wife)0:20-5:45 Memories of growing up in Vienna5:46-6:55 First encounter with Nazis6:55-8:55; 1:46:33-1:47:42 Attending school in Vienna8:56-10:54; 1:47:45-1:49:38 Impact of the “Anschluss”10:55-17:38 Leaving Vienna by train to Pilsen, Czechoslovakia20:42-22:43 Receiving a visa for the US22:44-23:47 Jewish identity23:49-26:36 Staying in Czechoslovakia27:39-35:26 From Prague to Zurich 35:27-39:39 Traveling per train form Zurich to Genoa, Italy39:40-52:06; 1:52:10-1:52:59 Traveling on the ship Conte di Savoia via Cannes and Gibraltar to New York52:07-56:16 Staying with Mr. Baumberger in Reading, PA56:25-1:02:33 Pennsylvanian Dutch1:02:34-1:06:30 School in the US1:06:50-1:17:19; 1:26:24-1:28:32 Albright College1:17:20-1:26:23 Serving in the Army1:28:37-1:33:40 Columbia University and life in NYC1:34:57-1:37:35 Grandparents, Leopold and Rosa Heiss Winter; Samuel and Joesphine (née Spitz) Federmann1:37:37-1:38:45 Mother Anna Winter, née Federmann1:39:28-1:41:56; 1:44:39-1:46:28; 2:12:57-2:16:00 Religion1:41:59-1:44:37 Vienna’s 9th district1:49:39- 1:50:41; 1:54:27-2:02:02 Going back to Austria and visiting former apartment1:50:42-1:52:05 Attitude towards Zionism2:02:03-2:10:56 Relations to AustriaStephen (Stefan) S. Winter was born on February 27, 1926 in Vienna, Austria. He grew up with his parents (Max Winter and Anna née Federmann), his older sister and a nanny in an apartment building in Loeblichgasse 6, in Vienna’s ninth district. He attended Realgymnasium Schottenbastei until early summer 1938. He left Vienna in August 1938 for Pilsen, Czechoslovakia (today Plzeň, Czech Republic), where his uncle was living. Shortly after, his parents joined him in Czechoslovakia, where they lived with relatives for a few months. In January 1939 the family went via Prague and Zurich to Genoa and from there on the ship Conte de Savoia to New York. They arrived in early February and then headed to Reading, Pennsylvania, to live with a family named Baumberger, who had provided US visas for them. Stephen attended high school in Reading, and then went to Albright College. In September 1946 he was drafted into the army in Maryland and was discharged in 1947. Afterwards he got his bachelor's degree at Albright College and a PhD at Columbia University. In addition, he did Post Doc Studies at Harvard University and ultimately became professor and chairman at Tufts University.Austrian Heritage Collectio

History of the Jews Residing in Jebenhausen and Goeppingen /

English translation of an original German book, Tänzer, Aron, 1871-1937. Die Geschichte der Juden in Jebenhausen und Goeppingen / Berlin : W. Kohlhammer, 1927. Available in the LBI Library, call number DS 135 G4 J4 T3.digitize