General Average and Risk Management in Medieval and Early Modern Maritime Business

This open access book explores the history of risk management in medieval and early modern European maritime business, focusing particularly on 'General Average' – a mechanism by which extraordinary expenses regarding ship or cargo, incurred during a voyage to save the venture, are shared between all participants to protect equity. This volume traces the history of this risk management tool from its origins in the pre-Roman Mediterranean through to its use in the shipping sector today. Contributions range from the Islamic Mediterranean to the Low Countries, and taken together, provide a wide-ranging analysis of social, cultural, and political aspects of pre-modern maritime commerce in Europe

Comunicación estratégica para el ejercicio del liderazgo femenino

This edited collection brings together corpus-based research to provide a detailed analysis of gender and the discourse of women leaders or professionals in domains historically dominated by men, such as business, science, media and politics. Based on the analysis of real texts, the volume seeks to determine which traits are truly characteristic of feminine discourse, how women who have been successful in these domains have used their discourse to create and project their own identity, and what conclusions can be drawn regarding the characteristics of the discourse of successful female leaders. It incorporates a diachronic perspective that helps us understand the evolution of the role and discourse of and about women. The collection will be of interest to researchers in Spanish Applied Linguistics, Hispanic Sociolinguistics and Communication and Gender Studies

AI in Learning: Designing the Future

AI (Artificial Intelligence) is predicted to radically change teaching and learning in both schools and industry causing radical disruption of work. AI can support well-being initiatives and lifelong learning but educational institutions and companies need to take the changing technology into account. Moving towards AI supported by digital tools requires a dramatic shift in the concept of learning, expertise and the businesses built off of it. Based on the latest research on AI and how it is changing learning and education, this book will focus on the enormous opportunities to expand educational settings with AI for learning in and beyond the traditional classroom. This open access book also introduces ethical challenges related to learning and education, while connecting human learning and machine learning. This book will be of use to a variety of readers, including researchers, AI users, companies and policy makers

Handeln mit Dichtung

Die Prosa-Edda ist der wichtigste sprach- und dichtungstheoretische Text des skandinavischen Mittelalters. Sie wird in diesem Band einer ganzheitlichen und systematischen Lektüre unterzogen und als Form kultureller Sinnstiftung gelesen. Ausgangspunkt der Lektüre ist die Leitthese, dass die Prosa-Edda nicht nur ein Lehrwerk für skaldische Dichtung ist, sondern sich umfassend und mit einem sprach- und medientheoretischen Ansatz für Sprache, Erzählen und Dichtung interessiert. Im Zentrum der vorliegenden Arbeit steht Codex Upsaliensis DG 11 4to (ca. 1300). Die Zusammenstellung verschiedenster medialer Phänomene macht die Edda-Version in dieser Handschrift so einzigartig: Neben den bekannten Texten finden sich genealogische Listen, grammatische Diagramme und Bilder, die alle Organisationsformen von Wissen darstellen, welche bisher noch ungenügend in eine Lektüre der Prosa-Edda eingeflossen sind. Eine solche Lektüre der vielfältigen Inhalte von Codex Upsaliensis wird durch den Theorieansatz der literarischen Performativität systematisiert. Dieser Diskurs ist in der skandinavistischen Mediävistik bislang noch nicht sehr bekannt. Er bietet jedoch ein theoretisches Begriffsinventar, das über mediale Grenzen hinweg anwendbar ist und sich für die Lektüre der Prosa-Edda als sehr produktiv erweist

Diskursanalytische Geschlechterforschung in der Erziehungswissenschaft

Poststructuralist and discourse theoretical approaches are of growing importance for gender studies in education and are accompanied by an increasing implementation of discourse analytical methodologies. The contributions in this volume take up the wide range of topics that discourse analytical approaches currently address in educational gender studies and provide impulses for a systematizing reflection on the different theories of discourse, subjectivation and methods that are used in this field

Law Beyond Israel

The Hebrew Bible formulates two sets of law: one for the Israelites and one for the gentile “residents” living in the Holy Land. Law Beyond Israel: From the Bible to the Qur’an argues that these biblical laws for non-Israelites form the historical basis of qur’anic law. The study corroborates its central claim by assessing laws for gentiles in late antique Jewish and especially in Christian legal discourse, pointing to previously underappreciated legal continuity from the Hebrew Bible to the New Testament and from late antique Christianity to nascent Islam. This volume first sketches the legal obligations that the Hebrew Bible imposes on humanity more broadly and, more specifically, on the non-Israelite residents of the Holy Land. It then traces these laws through Second Temple Judaism to the early Jesus movement, illustrating how the biblical laws for residents inform those formulated in the Acts of the Apostles. Building on this legal continuity, the study employs detailed historical and literary analyses of legal narratives in order to make three propositions. First, rabbinic laws for gentiles, the so-called Noahide Laws, while offering a more lenient interpretation than the one we find in Acts, are equally based on the biblical laws for gentile residents of the Holy Land. Second, Christians generally appreciated and even expanded the gentile laws of Acts. Third, the Qur’an remakes traditional Arabian religious practice by formulating its own distinctive approach to the biblical laws for gentiles, in close continuity with—and at times in critical distance from—late antique Jewish and especially Christian gentile law

Multiperspektivität und dramatische Wirkung in der sophokleischen Tragödie

Multiperspektivität ist, was das Drama von anderen Literaturgattungen unterscheidet. Dieses zentrale Merkmal hat in der Erforschung des antiken Dramas aber bis jetzt nicht die Aufmerksamkeit erhalten, die es verdient. Dies ändert die vorliegende Studie. Sie entwickelt für den altgriechischen Tragiker Sophokles ein kommunikatives Gesamtmodell und zeigt auf, wie dieser die Darstellung der Kommunikation zwischen den Figuren mit ihren jeweiligen Perspektiven systematisch als Ressource für die Kommunikation mit seinen Rezipienten nutzte. Auf diese Weise gewinnt sie durch sorgfältige Analysen und in intensiver Auseinandersetzung mit existierenden Deutungsansätzen neue Erkenntnisse für das Verständnis dreier bis heute zurecht berühmter, vielfältig rezipierter und in ihrer Deutung umstrittener Tragödien, nämlich des Aias, der Antigone und der Elektra

Der deutsch-türkische Bildungsraum im Wilhelminischen Kaiserreich

Today's ignorance of German-Turkish relations before the 1961 recruitment agreement stands in astonishing contrast to the attention paid to the Ottoman Empire before and during the First World War. Using a variety of previously unknown historical sources, the author reconstructs how German pedagogy and teachers in the Wilhelmine Empire contributed to the shaping of a German-Turkish educational space. To this end, she takes a transnational perspective on the actors, networks, and discourses that flanked Germany's world power ambitions at the time in terms of cultural policy. With her study, she makes an insightful contribution to the postcolonial historiography of pedagogy and educational science

Responsible AI in Africa

This open access book contributes to the discourse of Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) from an African perspective. It is a unique collection that brings together prominent AI scholars to discuss AI ethics from theoretical and practical African perspectives and makes a case for African values, interests, expectations and principles to underpin the design, development and deployment (DDD) of AI in Africa. The book is a first in that it pays attention to the socio-cultural contexts of Responsible AI that is sensitive to African cultures and societies. It makes an important contribution to the global AI ethics discourse that often neglects AI narratives from Africa despite growing evidence of DDD in many domains. Nine original contributions provide useful insights to advance the understanding and implementation of Responsible AI in Africa, including discussions on epistemic injustice of global AI ethics, opportunities and challenges, an examination of AI co-bots and chatbots in an African work space, gender and AI, a consideration of African philosophies such as Ubuntu in the application of AI, African AI policy, and a look towards a future of Responsible AI in Africa. This is an open access book