HAL-Université de Bretagne Occidentale
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Le corps du (trans)genre : entre abstraction et réalisation
International audienceObjectives: This article is concerned with the current challenges to psychoanalysis that gender and gender discordance represent. Indeed, although the term gender is increasingly used, it remains a concept that is more difficult to define and circumscribe than it first appears. Method: In order to shed light on these issues, the important shift from the transsexual syndrome paradigm to the transgender health paradigm will be discussed. This presentation will then be supported by two clinical vignettes: that of Claudia, whose transition is part of a transsexual journey, and that of Rose, whose transition seems to be more akin to a transgender journey. Results: Claudia's and Rose's stories allow us to illustrate a different way of apprehending the difference of the sexes: for Claudia, an abstraction that follows the contours of a difference of the sexes considered as binary, and, for Rose, a conception of gender as fluid. Discussion: Following these reflections, it is suggested that we return to the concept of gender in order to better define and conceptualize it, particularly in its clinical and theoretical encounter with psychoanalysis. Conclusion: Gender is thus considered as a frontier concept, referring to a third social body at the crossroads of personal and subjective feeling and the socio-political. In reference to narratology, gender is defined as a personal and/or collective construction aiming to give coherence to the difference of the sexes and supported by a realization through perception. Gender can be thought of as an aide to the binding of sexual excitation associated with questions relating to the anatomical difference of the sexes from a psychoanalytical point of view, which concerns both the analysand and the psychoanalyst.Objectif: Cet article concerne les défis actuels pour la psychanalyse que constituent le genre et les incongruences de genre. En effet, bien que le terme genre soit de plus en plus utilisé, il reste un concept plus difficile à définir et à circonscrire qu’il n’y paraît au premier abord.Méthode: Afin d’apporter un éclairage sur ces sujets, il sera exposé le changement au combien important, qu’est le passage du paradigme du syndrome transsexuel à celui de la santé transgenre. Cet exposé sera alors étayé par deux vignettes cliniques : celle de Claudia dont la transition s’inscrit dans un parcours transsexuel et celle de Rose dont la transition paraît plus s’apparenter à un parcours transgenre.Résultats: Les vignettes cliniques de Claudia et de Rose permettent d’illustrer ce qui se rapporte à une manière différente d’appréhender la différence des sexes : entre une abstraction qui épouse les contours d’une différence des sexes conçue comme binaire pour Claudia, et un genre fluide pour Rose.Discussion: Suite à ces remarques, il est proposé de revenir sur le concept de genre afin de mieux le cerner et de le concevoir, notamment dans sa rencontre clinique et théorique avec la psychanalyse.Conclusion: Le genre est alors conçu comme un concept frontière, renvoyant à un troisième corps social au croisement du sentiment personnel et subjectif et du sociopolitique. En référence à la narratologie, le genre est défini comme une construction personnelle et/ou collective visant à donner une cohérence à la différence des sexes, et étayé par une réalisation par la perception, aide possible à la liaison de l’excitation sexuelle associée aux questions relatives à la différence anatomique des sexes d’un point de vue psychanalytique, qui concerne autant l’analysant que le psychanalyste
De la matière historique à l’outil numérique : comment s’articule le travail des experts, historiens et informaticiens, avec les agences de développement ?
International audienceWe consider the methods of joint work of experts from historical and computer-related disciplines during the implementation of digital mediation devices in heritage structures (monuments, museums). Experts in history and computer science meet within the framework of projects led by development agencies to whom cultural structures entrust the elaboration of digital mediation devices. The working methods of each are very different, but must nevertheless be adjusted in order to produce a technological container and its scientific content. During these exchanges, adjustments and negotiations, the researchers seem to be solicited only for the production of raw data and concrete technical solutions, which evacuates the fundamental scientific questions. It seems to us that several elements have an impact on the arbitrations that take place: the institutional context of the creation of the system as well as the initial training and acquired experience of the different people involved in these projects.Nous abordons les méthodes de travail en commun d’experts issus de disciplines historiques et liées à l’informatique lors de la mise en place de dispositifs de médiation numériques dans des structures patrimoniales (monuments, musées). Des experts en histoire et en informatique se rencontrent dans le cadre de projets pilotés par des agences de développement à qui des structures culturelles confient l’élaboration de dispositifs de médiation numériques. Les méthodes de travail des uns et des autres sont très différentes mais doivent néanmoins s’ajuster afin de produire un contenant technologique et son contenu de nature scientifique. Lors de ces échanges, faits d’ajustements et de négociations, les chercheurs ne semblent sollicités que pour la production de données brutes et de solutions techniques concrètes, ce qui évacue les questions scientifiques de fond. Il nous semble que plusieurs éléments impactent les arbitrages qui ont alors lieu : le contexte institutionnel de la création du dispositif ainsi que la formation initiale et les expériences acquises des différentes personnes impliquées dans ces projets
Systematic Review on Learning-based Spectral CT
International audienceSpectral computed tomography (CT) has recently emerged as an advanced version of medical CT and significantly improves conventional (single-energy) CT. Spectral CT has two main forms: dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT), which offer image improvement, material decomposition, and feature quantification relative to conventional CT. However, the inherent challenges of spectral CT, evidenced by data and image artifacts, remain a bottleneck for clinical applications. To address these problems, machine learning techniques have been widely applied to spectral CT. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art data-driven techniques for spectral CT
Permutations based model for business performance
International audienceThis article is devoted to the development of a machine learning statistical framework to drive company's objectives. To this end, their sales data are used to target efficiently the issues or opportunities by a ranking. We implement a permutation based model using generalized Mallows models dealing with quantitative values, considering that a ranking is a permutation. The advantage of the generalized version is the possibility to differentiate the cost to move each element in the permutation. In our model, we differentiate the cost of an inversion in the permutation by using the gap value between the two elements. We propose model parameters estimators and we illustrate our estimation procedure on simulated data and on a real application
Unravelling individual rhythmic abilities using machine learning
International audienceHumans can easily extract the rhythm of a complex sound, like music, and move to its regular beat, for example in dance. These abilities are modulated by musical training and vary significantly in untrained individuals. The causes of this variability are multidimensional and typically hard to grasp with single tasks. To date we lack a comprehensive model capturing the rhythmic fingerprints of both musicians and non-musicians. Here we harnessed machine learning to extract a parsimonious model of rhythmic abilities, based on the behavioral testing (with perceptual and motor tasks) of individuals with and without formal musical training ( n = 79). We demonstrate that the variability of rhythmic abilities, and their link with formal and informal music experience, can be successfully captured by profiles including a minimal set of behavioral measures. These profiles can shed light on individual variability in healthy and clinical populations, and provide guidelines for personalizing rhythm-based interventions
L’habitat lorrain du Néolithique moyen et final de Saint-Julien-lès-Metz en Moselle: Structuration, culture matérielle, ressources animales et végétales
International audienceThe preventive archaeological excavation of Saint-Julien-lès-Metz took place some twenty years ago, and the artefacts were completely restudied following the publication of this relatively well-preserved site. The site as a whole illustrates three Neolithic periods from sometimes unprecedented angles, and represents a major contribution to our understanding of village communities in Lorraine. The three recognised settlements span the 5th to 3rd millennia and are separated by chronological gaps. The first documented occupation dates back to the first part of the Middle Neolithic. The main features of this period are two buildings and a succession of polylobed pits, typical of sites from the Grossgartach culture. They provide an unprecedented vision of a structured plateau settlement. The second is dated to the second half of the Middle Neolithic. A sequence of polylobed pits is the only remaining feature of a Bischheim settlement. These structures are recurrent features on contemporaneous Lorraine sites. The last occupation dates from the Final Neolithic. A combustion structure and a silo are the only remaining elements of a probable Bell Beaker settlement.La fouille de Saint-Julien-lès-Metz réalisée dans un cadre préventif s’est déroulée il y a une vingtaine d’années et sa publication a conduit à la reprise complète des études de mobiliers. Le site se caractérise par un état de conservation relativement bon. L’ensemble illustre trois périodes du Néolithique sous des angles parfois inédits et constitue un apport majeur pour la compréhension des communautés villageoises lorraines. Les trois occupations reconnues s’étendent du Ve au IIIe millénaire, elles sont séparées par des hiatus chronologiques. La première occupation attestée remonte à la première partie du Néolithique moyen. Deux bâtiments et une succession de fosses polylobées sont les éléments principaux de ce gisement. Ils sont caractéristiques des sites de la culture de Grossgartach et offrent une vision inédite d’un habitat structuré en plateau. La deuxième est datée de la seconde partie du Néolithique moyen. Une succession de fosses polylobées est le seul élément de ce qu’il reste d’un habitat Bischheim. Ces structures sont récurrentes sur les sites lorrains contemporains. La dernière occupation est datée du Néolithique final. Une structure de combustion et un silo sont les seuls éléments restants d’un probable habitat campaniforme
Le 160e anniversaire de Vie de Jésus, de Renan
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Un tourisme au service de l'Etat-parti : le cas africain
Sous la direction de Xavier Aurégan et Thierry PairaultInternational audienceMa participation à cette publication collective vise à regrouper et analyser les informations disponibles concernant les flux touristiques chinois à destination du territoire africain. Bien que seulement un million de citoyens chinois aient foulé le sol d’un pays d’Afrique en 2019 (sur 170 millions de voyages réalisés à l’international), le continent attire de plus en plus. Toujours perçu comme une « ultime frontière » par les premiers grands voyageurs ayant eu la possibilité de parcourir le monde depuis seulement une trentaine d’années, les nouvelles générations perçoivent cet espace géographique de manière bien plus positive. Des reportages quasi quotidiens sur les chaînes d’État aux nombreuses télé-réalités mettant en scène les influenceurs du moment, les autorités chinoises s’efforcent de rendre attractive une Afrique qui revêt une place particulière dans un discours de « solidarité Sud-Sud anti hégémonique »
Sustainable event management: a new perspective based on logistics framework and comparison of expectations and practices. The case of French music festivals
International audienceIn the ongoing push towards industry-wide decarbonization, the cultural events sector emerges as a critical, yet understudied, area for implementing sustainable practices. While a substantial body of research exists on sustainable event management, a significant gap persists in directly comparing attendees' expectations of sustainability with the concrete actions implemented by event organizers. This paper addresses this gap by employing a logistician's lens. It utilizes a grid framework developed by Herold et al. (2022) to evaluate major French contemporary music festivals across seven key event logistics components: warehousing, procurement, transportation, inventory management, site selection, packaging, and reverse logistics. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining a quantitative assessment of user expectations with a qualitative case study investigating sustainable practices in twelve prominent French music festivals.The central focus of this research lies in the inherent paradox of sustainable development within large-scale events. By their very nature, these events involve mass gatherings and diverse modes of transportation, inevitably generating negative environmental externalities. The paper delves into the tension between the inherent contribution to pollution by such events due to crowd movement and the growing public demand for sustainability practices. Two primary conclusions emerge from this investigation: firstly, that user concern regarding environmental impact remains relatively low. Secondly, the study suggests that collaborative logistics strategies hold promise as a potential path forward for achieving greater sustainability in large- scale cultural events