JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY

Background: Abnormal Pap smear result means there have been cell changes on the cervix but are not cancer. Women with abnormal test result may be affected from this situation. What do women with abnormal Pap smear results experience from a biopsychosocial perspective? Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences of women with abnormal Pap smear results according to the biopsychosocial model. Methods: This phenomenological study's data were collected in interviews with 12 women who had abnormal Pap smear test results. Data collection tool consists of two parts that are an Women's Information Form (WIF) identifying women and semi-structured Interview Form. Interviews were done face-to-face by using in-depth interviews technique. Semi-structured interview was recorded in audio recording device. Thematic approach was used to assess the data. Results: The average age of the women was 42.5 +/- 3.64, their age at first sexual intercourse was 23.0 +/- 2.8 years and all of them were legally married. Five main themes were determined, which were grouped under the Biopsychosocial Model Domains. The Biological Domain themes were Perception of Health and Disease, and Cervical Cancer Risk Factors; the Psychological Domain themes were Positive Feelings and Negative Feelings; the Social Domain theme was Continuing Social Life. Conclusions: It was concluded that the cultural beliefs, perceptions, emotions and practices of women with abnormal Pap smear results should be considered in the diagnostic and treatment processes. These characteristics of women's experience are also important to consider when developing strategies to address barriers to effective cervical screening, diagnosis and treatment

Protective effect of alpha lipoic acid on 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide induced primary ovarian failure in female rats

Objective: The effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and its possible mechanisms in treating Primary ovarian failure (POF) model was studied with 4 vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD). Material and methods: Rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 7) as Control, VCD, VCD + ALA and ALA. POF model was induced by applying VCD intraperitoneally and ALA was administered by oral gavage as 100 mg/day to the VCD + ALA and ALA groups. Results: At the end of 42 days, ovarian and uterine tissues were received. The number of primordial and primary follicles were increased and corpus luteum and cystic follicles were decreased in ovarian tissues in VCD + ALA group compared to VCD group. Caspase-3 immunoreactivity in follicular cells was decreased in VCD + ALA group compared to VCD group. eNOS immunoreactivity and eNOS levels were decreased in VCD group and increased in VCD + ALA group while iNOS immunoreactivity and iNOS levels were increased in VCD group, decreased in VCD + ALA group in ovary and uterine tissue. Plasma FSH and LH hormone levels were increased in the VCD but decreased in VCD + ALA group. Estradiol level decreased in the VCD group compared to the other groups. The MDA values were significantly increased in the VCD + ALA group compared to VCD group. In addition, the levels of GSH values were decreased in VCD + ALA group compared to VCD group. Conclusion: Alpha lipoic acid treatment of rats with VCD-induced POF had a beneficial effect on reducing ovarian damage by improving histological, immunohistochemical, hormone level and oxidative stress markers. Our results show that ALA is an effective treatment of VCD-induced POF rats. © 202

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

The selection of pharmacotherapy for patients with allergic rhinitis aims to control the disease and depends on many factors. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines have considerably improved the treatment of allergic rhinitis. However, there is an increasing trend toward use of real-world evidence to inform clinical practice, especially because randomized controlled trials are often limited with regard to the applicability of results. The Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif (MACVIA) algorithm has proposed an allergic rhinitis treatment by a consensus group. This simple algorithm can be used to step up or step down allergic rhinitis treatment. Next-generation guidelines for the pharmacologic treatment of allergic rhinitis were developed by using existing GRADE-based guidelines for the disease, real-world evidence provided by mobile technology, and additive studies (allergen chamber studies) to refine the MACVIA algorithm

JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS

Introduction: EDTA has been considered the gold standard in regenerative endodontic treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different dentin conditioning agents other than EDTA on released growth factors, mesenchymal stem cell attachment, and morphology. Methods: Transforming growth factor beta 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and fibroblast growth factor 2 release from prepared dentin discs conditioned with 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid, 1% phytic acid (IP6), or 37% phosphoric acid were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after final irrigation and after 3 days of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (adMSC) seeding. Forty root fragments were prepared from extracted Single-rooted teeth. The morphology and attachment of adMSCs on the conditioned root fragments were observed using a scanning electron microscope. Data for growth factor quantification were analyzed using 1-way analysis. Results: The highest transforming growth factor beta 1 release was observed after citric acid treatment followed by phosphoric acid; there was no significant difference between them, but compared with EDTA and 1% IP6, there were significant differences observed. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected a very minor exposure of vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 after dentin conditioning, but there were no significant differences between the groups. The greatest bone morphogenetic protein 2 release was observed in the 1% IP6 group, but there were no significant differences between the groups. Three days of adMSC seeding after dentin conditioning has made a dramatic increase in all of the growth factors, and phosphoric acid appeared to be the most effective agent with significant differences compared with the remaining groups. Scanning electron microscopic observations showed that none of the conditioning solutions had an adverse effect on stem cell proliferation and attachment to root dentin. Different cell morphologies like round, oblong, flat, and well-attached cells with developed filopodia were observed in the dentin-conditioned groups. Conclusions: Phosphoric acid conditioning could be useful and may have beneficial effects in regenerative endodontic treatments

NORDIC JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood psychopathologies in Turkey. Method: A nation-wide, randomly selected, representative population of 5830 children (6-13 years-old) enrolled as a 2nd,3rd or 4th grade student in 30 cities were evaluated for presence of a psychiatric or mental disorder by a Sociodemographic Form, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and DSM-IV-Based Screening Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents scales. Impairment criterion was assessed via a 3 point-Likert scale by the parent and the teacher independently. Results: Overall prevalence of any psychopathology was 37.6% without impairment criterion, and 17.1% with impairment criterion. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by anxiety (19.5% and 16.7% without impairment, 12.4% and 5.3% with impairment, respectively). Lower education level and presence of a physical or psychiatric problem of the parents were independent predictors of any psychopathology of the offspring. Conclusion: This is the largest and most comprehensive epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of psychopathologies in children and adolescents in Turkey. Our results partly higher than, and partly comparable to previous national and international studies. It also contributes to the literature by determining the independent predictors of psychopathologies in this age group

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION

The aim of this study is to use mobile devices in the determination of engineering students' attitudes towards programming by using a fuzzy logic technique. First of all, a mobile game that is played by engineering students is developed to make learning programming more enjoyable. After that, the proposed fuzzy logic-based attitude determination system which runs on mobile devices comes into play. Student answers and gives points between 1 and 5 to the survey questions which are presented by the developed mobile application. These points are first evaluated in the fuzzification step by using membership functions and then the fuzzied input is given to the rule base step. To get crisp output value, fuzzied output is defuzzified at the last step of the fuzzy logic-based system. Hence the attitude of the student towards programming is inferenced. The developed system is carried out with 100 first-grade students of the software engineering department. Frequency, mean, standard deviation, normality, t test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses are performed with the obtained data. Results show that the proposed fuzzy logic-based system performs much better than the classical approach. As a result of Article Reliability Analysis of the Attitude Scale Towards Mobile Learning, the scale is found highly reliable. A significant difference is found in favor of fuzzy logic-based attitude score among classical logic-based attitude scores as a result of the paired-samples t test. The results of t test and ANOVA tests according to gender, mother, and father education levels are found not statistically significant

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of Propionibacterium shermanii subsp. freudenreichii as a combined culture with Lactobacillus acidophilus (AP), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BP), Lactobacillus casei (CP) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (RP) in probiotic dairy drink production. Although Propionibacterium spp. is used for many purposes including biopreservative and adjunct culture, in this study, probiotic dairy drinks containing P. freudenreichii were evaluated in terms of their physicochemical, rheological, microbiological and sensory properties. The results of the study showed that P. freudenreichii can also be suitable for the production of probiotic drinks and that there are no adverse effects on the product characteristics

TURK GOGUS KALP DAMAR CERRAHISI DERGISI-TURKISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of lower extremity ischemia reperfusion on the liver and the effect of ischemia-reperfusion on the liver itself in a rat model. Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups including 10 in each group: sham (Group 1), lower limb ischemia-reperfusion (Group 2), and liver ischemia-reperfusion (Group 3). In Group 2, one hour of left lower limb ischemia was performed. In Group 3, one hour of ischemia in the liver was performed, followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. After reperfusion, the liver tissues were removed, and the groups were evaluated biochemically and histologically. Results: The liver malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in Groups 2 and 3 than in the sham group (p0.05). Conclusion: Reperfusion injury in the liver after lower limb ischemia-reperfusion is as important as ischemia-reperfusion injury which is specifically induced in the liver. This should be taken into account, particularly in reperfusion surgeries following vascular trauma or in cases of leg tourniquets to stop bleeding after lower limb vascular trauma

HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY

Breast cancer has different molecular subtypes, which determine the prognosis and response to the treatment. CD133 is a marker for cancer stem cells in tumor microenvironment with diagnostic/therapeutic importance. The tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) interact with the cancer stem cells through the CXCR1 receptor. In this study, we wanted to investigate the expression of these markers in patients with different molecular subtypes, in order to detect pathophysiological mechanisms and new molecular targets for the prospective targeted therapies. In this study we hypothesized a difference in expression of these antigens among different subtypes. We investigated expression of antigens in breast cancer patients with luminal A (LA), luminal B (LB), HER2 overexpressing (HER2OE), triple negative (TN) subtypes (n=70) and control patients (n=10) without cancer diagnosis. We applied indirect immunohistochemistry and evaluated immunostaining. CD133 expression was at the periphery and CXCR1 expression was at the central area of the tumor. The cytoplasmic CXCR1, CD133 expressions and nuclear CD133 expression, which is prominent in the TN subtype, were observed in patients. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for CD133 (p=0.004), CXCR1 (p=0.002) H-Score values and M2 macrophages/whole TAM ratios (p=0.022). Between the CD133 and CXCR1 H-scores, there was a weak positive correlation (r=0.249, p=0.035). This study showed the compartment specific expression of the CD133 and CXCR1 antigens in neoplastic cells. The use of CD133 as a stem cell marker may be limited to TN subtype, due to its heterogeneous expression