Random Forest based Qantile Oriented Sensitivity Analysis indices estimation

International audienceWe propose a random forest based estimation procedure for Quantile-Oriented Sensitivity Analysis—QOSA. In order to be efficient, a cross-validation step on the leaf size of trees is required. Our full estimation procedure is tested on both simulated data and a real dataset. Our estimators use either the bootstrap samples or the original sample in the estimation. Also, they are either based on a quantile plug-in procedure (the R-estimators) or on a direct minimization (the Q-estimators). This leads to 8 different estimators which are compared on simulations. From these simulations, it seems that the estimation method based on a direct minimization is better than the one plugging the quantile. This is a significant result because the method with direct minimization requires only one sample and could therefore be preferred

Doubly nonlinear diffusive PDEs: new existence results via generalized Wasserstein gradient flows

We prove an existence result for a large class of PDEs with a nonlinear Wasserstein gradient flow structure. We use the classical theory of Wasserstein gradient flow to derive an EDI formulation of our PDE and prove that under some integrability assumptions on the initial condition the PDE is satisfied in the sense of distributions

Metallic glasses for biological applications and opportunities opened by laser surface texturing: A review

International audienc

Baseline circulating biomarkers, their changes, and subsequent suicidal ideation and depression severity at 6 months: A prospective analysis in patients with mood disorders

International audienceBackground: Identifying circulating biomarkers associated with prospective suicidal ideation (SI) and depression could help better understand the dynamics of these phenomena and identify people in need of intense care. In this study, we investigated the associations between baseline peripheral biomarkers implicated in neuroplasticity, vascular homeostasis and inflammation, and prospective SI and depression severity during 6 months of follow-up in patients with mood disorders.Methods: 149 patients underwent a psychiatric evaluation and gave blood to measure 32 plasma soluble proteins. At follow-up, SI incidence over six months was measured with the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology. Ninety-six patients provided repeated blood samples. Statistical analyses included Spearman partial correlation and Elastic Net regression, followed by the covariate-adjusted regression models.Results: 51.4 % (N = 71) of patients reported SI during follow-up. After adjustment for covariates, higher baseline levels of interferon-γ were associated with SI occurrence during follow-up. Higher baseline interferon-γ and lower orexin-A were associated with increased depression severity, and atypical and anxious, but not melancholic, symptoms. There was also a tendency for associations of elevated baseline levels of interferon-γ, interleukin-1β, and lower plasma serotonin levels with SI at the six-month follow-up time point. Meanwhile, reduction in transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF-β1) plasma concentration correlated with atypical symptoms reduction.Conclusion: We identified interferon-γ and orexin-A as potential predictive biomarkers of SI and depression, whereas TGF-β1 was identified as a possible target of atypical symptoms

L’identification des céréales autres que les blés

International audienceCe article scientifique de synthèse, produit dans le cadre du projet AgroCCol et de l'édition numérique "Cultiver dans l'Antiquité", comprend une analyse pluridisciplinaire des possibilités et des limites de l’identification des céréales (autres que les blés) citées dans les textes grecs et latins ou retrouvés par les archéologues. L’article est accompagné de notes et de références bibliographiques, et enrichi par des liens avec l’édition des textes latins et grecs produite par l’équipe du projet AgroCCol. L’édition de ce fichier peut être consultée à l’adresse suivante : https://agriculture-antiquite.huma-num.fr/notices/l'identification_des_céréales_autres_que_les_blé

Spatio-temporal dynamics of habitat use by fish in a restored alluvial floodplain over two decades

International audienceRiver floodplain channels can serve as reproduction, nursery or refuge areas for fish. Although the complementary use of floodplain and main channels is known, few studies attempted to quantify this use and even fewer analysed its controlling factors. The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the spatio-temporal use of floodplain habitats and to identify their roles as complementary habitats for fish and (2) to analyse how abiotic variations and their modifications under restoration impact habitat use by fish. To meet these objectives, we analysed (Principal Components Analysis and Coinertia Analysis) multi-site data collected over 20 years in eight main channels and 23 floodplain channels of eight restored sectors of the French Rhône River. Results show that habitat use by fish is mainly related to spatial effects, with 37 % of within-sector variance in taxonomic assemblages explained by the stations. As expected, rheophilic species were more abundant in lotic stations and limnophilic species in lentic ones. In addition, we identified an euryecious guild, grouping young of the year taxa (roach, gudgeon, chub, bleak) that used all types of habitats and particularly lentic floodplain channels with short life-span. Temporal effects (with ~10 % of the variance explained by years) combine (1) the effect of restoration, that increased the diversity of fish assemblages across the floodplain, with stronger changes in floodplain channels whose connectivity regime was modified, (2) the effect of high flows on fish habitat use, that reinforces the nursery and refuge functions of floodplain channels. Our results demonstrate the importance of restoring the diversity of habitats and connectivity because floodplain habitats have complementary functions for fish. Furthermore, our results also suggest to account for temporal variations in order to better estimate the potential effects of restoration on river and their floodplains

La dialectique sécurité-performance en Formule 1 depuis 1950

Suivi de Thèse Doctorat STAP

Coding urban metabolism: infrastructuring metabolic pathways

International audienceThis chapter introduces a metabolic perspective on infrastructures, enabling us to explore their roles in the extraction, circulation, and transformation of materials within contemporary societies. Positioned between what I distinguish as homeostatic and political ecology approaches, I propose a third avenue through the concept of 'metabolic pathways.' This concept facilitates an understanding of the socio-political implications associated with specific materials. To adopt this approach, one must broaden the consideration of infrastructures, encompassing not only socio-technical means but also the practices and networks of actors that collectively contribute to the formation of various forms of infrastructuring for metabolic pathways.Analyzing these strategies through the case of plastic waste in Cairo, employing a Deleuzian perspective, enables us to decipher the legitimization frameworks and power dynamics inherent in different strategies of infrastructuring for metabolic pathways. These strategies play a crucial role in shaping a specific socio-material order

Cours et exercices corrigés de statistiques inférentielles - 2e édition

National audienceCet ouvrage présente : - la théorie des statistiques inférentielles permettant la construction des outils d’analyse de données les plus couramment utilisés en statistiques appliquées. - la notion de modèle statistique paramétrique. - les meilleures estimations des paramètres d’un modèle à l’aide des données que l’on possède. - les propriétés d’absence de biais, de convergence et d’efficacité d’un estimateur. - les démonstrations complètes des formules du modèle Gaussien.Illustré d’exemples et de nombreux exercices intégralement corrigés, il permet une approche complète et cohérente du domaine.Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux étudiants en mathématiques de niveau Licence. Il est également adapté à la préparation du Capes et de l’Agrégation de mathématiques, certains passages fournissant les éléments de leçons adaptées pour ces concours