Electric-Octupole and Pure-Electric-Quadrupole Effects in Soft-X-Ray Photoemission

Second-order [O͑k 2 ͒, k v͞c] nondipole effects in soft-x-ray photoemission are demonstrated via an experimental and a theoretical study of angular distributions of neon valence photoelectrons in the 100 -1200 eV photon-energy range. A newly derived theoretical expression for nondipolar angular distributions characterizes the second-order effects using four new parameters with primary contributions from pure-quadrupole and octupole-dipole interference terms. Independent-particle calculations of these parameters account for a significant portion of the existing discrepancy between experiment and theory for Ne 2p first-order nondipole parameters. PACS numbers: 32.80.Fb, 31.25.Eb, 32.30.Rj A mainstay of photoemission is the (electric-)dipole approximation (DA), in which all higher-order multipoles are neglected We begin with Cooper's [8] O͑k͒ formula for the differential photoionization cross section of subshell ͑n, k͒ in a randomly oriented target using linearly polarized light: where s nk is the photoionization cross section, b nk describes the angular distribution within the DA, and d nk and g nk are nondipole angular-distribution parameters characterizing the leading first-order corrections to the DA (mostly E 2 2 E 1 terms). The angles u and f are determined by the direction of the photoelectron relative to the photon-polarizationê and photon-propagation k directions, respectively. The first two terms on the right of Eq. (1) constitute the usual DA expression for the differential cross section, and the DA notion of a "magic angle" [u m 54.7 ± , P 2 ͑cosu m ͒ 0] is preserved only in the f 90 ± plane perpendicular to k. Interpreted at this level of approximation, recent rare-gas experiments [2,3] observed significant modifications of photoelectron angular distributions from DA expectations, generally in good agreement with first-order independentparticle-approximation (IPA) calculations The same experiment found b 2p also disagrees substantially with IPA calculations in this energy region but is in close agreement with correlated calculations using the random-phase approximation (RPA) However, subsequent first-order nondipole calculations including correlation In this work, we explain much of this discrepancy between theory and experiment for Ne z 2p . Beginning with theory, second-order [O͑k 2 ͒] corrections to the differential cross section, which arise from interferences between

Review Article Advances in the Treatment of Ischemic Diseases by Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Ischemic diseases are a group of diseases, including ischemic cerebrovascular disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), and diabetic foot as well as other diseases which are becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the whole world. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to treat a variety of ischemic diseases in animal models and clinical trials. Lots of recent publications demonstrated that MSCs therapy was safe and relieved symptoms in patients of ischemic disease. However, many factors could influence therapeutic efficacy including route of delivery, MSCs' survival and residential rate in vivo, timing of transplantation, particular microenvironment, and patient's clinical condition. In this review, the current status, therapeutic potential, and the detailed factors of MSCs-based therapeutics for ischemic cerebrovascular disease, ICM, and diabetic foot are presented and discussed. We think that MSCs transplantation would constitute an ideal option for patients with ischemic diseases

Simulation of pipeline gas leakage

Abstract This article deals with the problem of simulation of gas leaks in pipelines and development of a prototype simulator. The prototype provides leakage simulation into water and in different kinds of soils without changing the physical properties of them. It is analyzed the behaviour of the system for different sizes of leaks and different pressures. Experimental results of the characterization of pipeline gas leakage are presented. The images of temperature anomaly were received by means of the infrared camera (Infrared camera model Palm IR 250 by Raytheon)

Influence of Freestream Turbulence Intensity on Bypass Transition Parameters in a Boundary Layer

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the turbulent flow behind passive grids in a subsonic wind tunnel. The enhanced level of turbulence was generated by five wicker metal grids with square meshes and different parameters (diameter of the grid rod d ¼ 0.3 to 3 mm and the grid mesh size M ¼ 1 to 30 mm). The velocity of the flow was measured by means of a one-dimensional hot-wire probe. For this purpose, skewness, kurtosis, and transverse variation of the velocity fluctuations were determined, obtaining knowledge of the degree of turbulence isotropy and homogeneity in the flow behind grids of variable geometry, for different incoming velocities U ¼ 4, 6, 10, 15, 20 m/s. Approximately, the isotropic and homogeneous turbulence was obtained for x/M > 30. Next, several correlations for turbulence degeneration law were tested. Finally, as the main goal of the study, impact of turbulence intensity on bypass laminar-turbulent transition parameters (transition inception, shape parameter, and the length of the transition region) on a flat plate was investigated. Parameter ITu m was created as an integral taken from the leading edge of the plate to the transition inception, divided by the distance from the leading edge to the transition inception, expressing in this way the averaged value of turbulence intensity

Duisberg P. Effects of random whole-body vibration on postural control in Parkinson's disease. Res Sports Med

We investigated spontaneous effects of random whole-body vibration (rWBV

Case Report Sudden Death by Pulmonary Thromboembolism due to a Large Uterine Leiomyoma with a Parasitic Vein to the Mesentery

The pathophysiology of venous thrombosis is classically attributed to alterations in one or more components of Virchow's triad: hypercoagulability, stasis, and damage to the vascular endothelium. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) may lead to pulmonary thromboembolism (PE), and the latter is culpable for many deaths annually in the United States; however, DVT as a complication of uterine leiomyoma has rarely been reported. We report a case of a 57-year-old woman whose death was due to a large pedunculated subserosal leiomyoma externally compressing the pelvic veins resulting in stasis and venous thrombosis leading to fatal PE. The association of large pelvic masses with venous thrombosis has clinical implications, since prophylactic surgery could be life-saving

Scalability of iBGP Path Diversity Concepts

Abstract. Improving the path diversity seems to be the next fundamental step in the iBGP evolution. Focusing the advantages an improvement of the path diversity implies, network protocol designers have disregarded the most critical drawback so far: The effect on the scalability of the iBGP routing, a fundamental requirement for production usage. This aspect is examined by the analyses discussed in our paper. In this paper, we provide the theoretical groundwork for scalability analyses of four highly relevant path diversity schemes. Based on this groundwork, we exemplarily predict the information load the schemes induce in a system of a large ISP. Generalizing the system-specific results, we give an outlook on the load that can be expected in comparable ASs. We found that for two schemes currently in the standardization process, scalability problems in large ASs as they are operated by ISPs seem likely