The Influence of Breed and Type of Extender on the Quality of Bull Semen

This study aimed to determine the influence of breed and type of extenders on frozen semen quality of cows at BIB Lembang. The experimental study was conducted in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor was four cow breeds, i.e. Ongole Cross (PO), Brahman (BR), Simmental (SM) and Limousin (LM), and the second factor was two types of extender, i.e. Skim-Egg Yolk (SKT) and AndroMed® (AND), all repeated four times. The observed variables were percentage of spermatozoa motility and intact plasma membrane (IPM). All data obtained were analyzed using a general linear model (IBM SPSS ver. 23). The results demonstrated an interaction between breed and the type of diluent to motility. Breeds showed significantly different motility but non-significantly different intact plasma membrane (MPU) of semen. The type of diluent did not significantly affect motility and intact plasma membrane (MPU) of the frozen semen. The effect of the breed on BR motility was lower and significantly different from PO, LM and SM. The types of diluent did not significantly affect motility, MPU. The results showed that SKT was lower than AND, it was indicative effect of breed on intact plasma membrane (MPU) PO was lower than BR, LM and SM and the effect of the type of diluent on whole plasma membrane (MPU) AND is lower than SKT. It can be concluded that breed influences the motility of semen. The lowest motility reduction in frozen semen is Brahman cattle by using skim-egg yolk extender

Polymorphism of Myostatin Gene (MSTN) Coding Region in Batur Sheep

The aim of present study was to investigate myostatin gene polymorphism and its association with weaning weight and body weight in Batur sheep, 30 heads of Batur all lambs were fed by concentrated feed. Body weight measured monthly after weaning to the six months of age. DNA Extraction used 200 ul of whole blood samples. To amplify exon 3 region of MSTN gene a specific primer designed using the Primer3 software. The 25 μl volume contained 25 ng of genomic DNA, 12.5 μl 2x Reaction mix of each primer. The cycling protocol was 5 minutes at 95°C as initial denaturation, 35 cycles of denaturing at 94°C for 45 seconds, annealing at 73.9 for 45 seconds, extending at 72°C for 40 s, with final extension at 72°C for 10 minutes. Eleven polymorphic sites were observed in the in 3rd exon region transversions at c.*121 G instead of A, del-T at c.*129, one individual at c.*139 and one individual at c.*158 positions however, one individual sequence disrupted reading frame in whole MSTN sequenced, also weaning weight and 6-month weight of Batur lambs were 21.13±5.70 and 31.64±7.06 to the homozygous whilst 19.99±4.33 and 30.50±5.44 for heterozygote respectively but there is no significe differences seen above all the studied parameters. Homozygous AA lambs had fairly low weaning weight and body weight compared to the heterozygous AB lambs but might have a higher carcass weight, further investigation is needed into the interaction of MSTN with other genes involved in muscle growth

Influence of Different Vegetable Oils on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentability and Nutrient Digestibility in Ettawah Crossbred Goat

This research was aimed to determine the effect of supplementation of vegetable oil (corn oil, palm oil and kapok seed oil) on in vitro ruminal fermentability and nutrient digestibility. Experiment design used was Randomized Block Design with four treatments and four replication based on rumen fluid sampling time. The four treatments namely R0 = feed without oil supplementation; R1 = R0 + 5% corn oil; R2 = R0 + 5% palm oil; and R3 = R0 + 5% kapok seed oil. The result showed that supplementation of 5% vegetable oil did not affect (P>0,05) the rumen pH, A/P ratio, and efficiency of energy conversion. The total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, methane and NH3 was higher (P<0,05) in supplementation of 5% vegetable oil than he control. The population of protozoa, microbial protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and crude fiber digestibility (IVCFD) was lower (P<0,05) in supplementation of 5% compared to the control. Population of protozoa decreased until 58,76% for R1; 66,89% for R2; and 43,33% for R3. It can be concluded that supplementation of 5% vegetable oil decreased the population of protozoa, increased the production of VFA and NH3. Supplementation of 5% kapok seed oil resulting the highest of total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate and NH3 among other treatments

The Internal Organs Weight of 6-Weeks Old Native Chickens after Supplement Addition With L-threonine and L-tryptophan in the Feed

The aim of this experiment was to identify the internal organs weight of 6-weeks old native chickens after treatment feed with l-threonine and l-tryptophan supplement. This experimental research used 128 native chickens aged one-week-old in a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications. The dietary treatments were T0 (control feed), T1 (T0 + 0.35% l-threonine + 0.10% l-tryptophan), T2 (T0 + 0.68% l-threonine + 0.17% l-tryptophan), and T3 (T0 + 1.00% l-threonine + 0.25% l-tryptophan). The variables measured included body weight, liver weight, pancreas weight, gizzard weight, and intestinal length. Statistical analysis showed that l-threonine and l-tryptophan significantly affected body weight, liver weight, pancreas weight, gizzard weight and intestinal length. Supplementing 1.00% l-threonine and 0.25% l- tryptophan to feed contributed to the highest body weight and internal organs weight of native chickens

The Effects of The Oxytocin Hormone Induction on The Value of The Composition of Etawah Crossbred Goat Milk

This study aims to see the extent of influence of oxytocin hormone induction on the nutritional composition of milk in the Etawah Crossbred  goat. This research was conducted in December 2018 in Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The examined parameters were the levels of fat, nonfat dry matter (BKTL), protein content, lactose content and milk density. The research used 18 Etawah goats and oxytocin hormone. A statistical unpaired t test indicated a highly significant influence (P 0.05) in milk, i.e. 8.39%, 3.91% and 3.76%, respectively. In conclusion, hormone oxytocin injection had a highly significant effect on increasing milk fat levels and significantly affected the decrease in milk density but did not affect the level of nonfat dry matter (BKTL), lactose and protein

Oxytocin Hormone Induction on Milk Production in Relation to Dairy Kid Performance

The application of oxytocin induction to milk production in relation to the performance of kids in dairy goats had been carried out in the "PEGUMAS" dairy goat farmer group Gumelar District, Banyumas. This activity aimed to increase milk production and kid performance through the induction of the hormone oxytocin in dairy goats. The approach method was designed in two stages: the first stage carried out the socialization activities and demonstration of techniques for applying IPTEKS, and the second stage applied hormonal technology in the form of oxytocin hormone induction in dairy goats. The material used was dairy goat parity I aged 1.5 - 2 years allocated into 2 groups of 10 individuals each. Group I was dairy goat experiment not induced with the oxytocin hormone as the control. Group II was dairy goat experiment induced with the oxytocin hormone at a dose of 1 ml (10 IU) intramuscularly before milking. Milk production was measured morning and evening as daily milk production in milliliters (ml). Milk was given to the kid of each parent. The kid's performance was measured based on the daily weight gain of the kid during the study. Overall, the application of science and technology could be adopted by farmers, and oxytocin-induced dairy goat milk production (503.2 ml) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than control (305.4 ml) with an increase of 64.77%, with a positive level of correlation (r = 0.45) and contributed 19.83% to the kids daily body weight gain

Inhibition Activity of Garlic (Allium sativum) Skin Aqueous Extract on Mastitis Causing Microorganisms

The study was aimed to identify the effectiveness of the inhibitory activity of garlic skin extract (GSE) with different concentrations on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutants, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The study used the Kirby-Bauer method in a completely randomized (CRD) design with five treatments (positive control, negative control, 5% GSE, 10% GSE, and 15% GSE) and three replicates. The extract was obtained through evaporation of garlic skin macerated with aquadest solvent. The data were subjected to ANOVA, continued with an Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test. The results showed that GSE concentration (minimum 5-10%) was highly significant to inhibit the growth of mastitis-causing microorganisms

The Characteristics and Quality of Egg from Commercial Laying Hens Fed with Garlic (Allium Sativum) Supplemented Ration

The research aimed to determine the characteristics and quality of egg of commercial laying hens fed ration supplemented with garlic (Allium sativum) powder. The research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replicates (5 hens each) for a total of 100 brown laying hens strain MB 402. Garlic powder contained 24.62% crude protein, 38.81% fat, and 1.74% crude fiber. The treatments of garlic powder ration were 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%. The treatments performed were dietary, with R0 = 100% based diet (BD); R1= 98% based diet (BD) + 2% garlic meal (GM); R2= 96% based diet (BD) + 4% GM, R3 = 94% based diet (BD) + 6% GM, R4 = 92% based diet (BD) + 8% GM. The study was conducted during eight (8) weeks. Collected data were quality, weight, shell weight, albumen weight and shell thickness of eggs. Data was analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that 8% garlic powder ration increased weight and albumen weight of eggs. There were no significant effect of treatments in yolk weight, shell weight and shell thickness of eggs. Garlic powder supplementation on laying hen ration affected egg weight and albumen weight. The addition of garlic powder on laying hen ration of up to 4% increased egg weight. Albumen weight increased until garlic powder supplementation of up to 8%. It is recommended the use of 8% garlic powder supplementation on lying hen ration without negative effects on egg quality

Development Strategy of Sustainable Beef Cattle

 The purpose of developing beef cattle farming is to increase the population and productivity of cattle products followed by increasing farmers’ income, creating jobs and improving the genetic quality of beef cattle. The problem is that beef cattle farms in North Sulawesi are carried out in traditional management instead of eco-friendly; they are mostly developed by grazing on agricultural land. This study aims to identify the potential strategies to support the development of eco-friendly beef cattle farms. This study used a survey to analyze the role, opportunities and challenges of beef cattle farms in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The locations were purposively sampled to include the central area for government-initiative beef cattle development i.e. Sangkub, Bintauna and East Bolangitan districts. The data were subject to internal and external analysis using IFAS matrix, EFAS matrix and SWOT analysis.The results showed that the actual beef cattle population could be increased to 1.37 times. Development is carried out with an orientation to environment and sustainability using LEISA concept. The development of beef cattle was in a condition dominated by strength (the strength value of 1.882 or 76.59%). Opportunities are more quickly responded in the face of the threat of beef cattle development (the opportunity value of 1.842 or 68.09%). In conclusion, the development of beef cattle has a role in increasing the income of farmers and has market opportunities and the challenges can be minimized by increasing the productivity and quality of beef cattle that are environmentally oriented. Technology introduction is needed for the development of sustainable beef cattle farms

Study of Local Herb Potency as Rumen Modifier: Red Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Var. Rubrum) Addition Effect on In Vitro Ruminal Nutrient Digestibility

Red ginger is herb that commonly used as part of traditional medicine due to its essential oil content. Some essential oil have proven as rumen fermentation modifier. Addition of red ginger in ruminant diet was studied using in vitro gas production technique to evaluate its effect on nutrient digestibility. Red ginger meal was added to meet essential oil level in fermentation medium of 0 mg/l as control, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l. The diet consisted of Penisetum hybride, rice bran, wheat pollard in ratio 60:20:20 DM basis. Feed fermentation was incubated for 24 h at 39°C. At the end of incubation data of gas production volume was taken, and residual feed were collected for further nutrient analysis to calculate the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF). Variance analysis was used to analysis collected data, followed by DMRT analysis.  Addition of red ginger increase total volume of gas production at level 50 mg/L and above. DM and OM digestibility did not affected by red ginger addition whereas CP digestibility were significantly decreased start at level 50 mg/l. In contrast, CF digestibility of treatment level of 50 mg/l significantly higher than control. In conclusion, addition of red ginger correspond to level essential oil of 50 to 100 mg/l improve ruminal nutrient fermentation