Diplomacy and Development: India-Bangladesh Relations in Modi Era

India-Bangladesh shares a deep historical, cultural, and economically multifaceted relationship that has evolved over the period. Since the Modi government has assumed the office in 2014, bilateral relations have witnessed a significant development in terms of trade, cooperation, and geopolitical engagements. Although, there has been continuity and change through the course of history with its cordial and strained relations. In overall, the bond between the two has been of comprehensive relationship based on cooperation and collaboration till the oust of Bangladesh Prime minister Sheikh Hasina. It is in this light the present study seeks to analyse the bilateral relations between the two nations in terms of geopolitical and economic development. Also, would like to answer briefly the issue and challenges in recent times

Role of Environmental Tax, Financial Development and Political Stability to Address the Renewable Energy Challenges: Empirical Study for MENA Region

The rise in economic growth and use of energy in developing countries are causing a big increase in the environmental pollution that harms the public health. So, this study is about the incline towards renewable energy in developing countries. It looks at how things like having more money, taxing pollution, and having a stable government can help these countries to use more renewable energy. We have compiled the data from approximately 21 MENA countries from 1990 to 2020 using GMM and CSARDL approaches. The results from CSARDL matched the results from GMM, which makes the findings reliable and strong. The long- term findings showed that although green invention and the use of renewable energy cut emissions, financial development raises carbon emissions. However, there was a notable variation in the emigrations mitigating impacts of both variables, with green invention having a lesser significance with emission mitigation. While the short-run outcome likewise yield parallel conclusions, the magnitude of their measure is comparatively lower. The finding report the incorporation of green technology and renewable energy with financial sector will be useful to counter the environmental consequences

Bantay Kaisipan: Mental Health Programs for Police Officers in a Highly Urbanized City

The mental health and well-being of police officers are critical yet often overlooked aspects of law enforcement. This study aims to assess the implementation of the Bantay Kaisipan Program within the Philippine National Police (PNP) in a highly urbanized city. The study addresses the importance of mental health programs in law enforcement, aiming to enhance officers' well-being and operational effectiveness. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data. Findings indicate that while there is moderate-high awareness and satisfactory implementation of the program, significant challenges persist, such as stigma, workload, and inadequate training and evaluation mechanisms. While the Bantay Kaisipan Program positively impacts mental health awareness and resilience, addressing the identified barriers is crucial for its success. This research fills a gap in the literature by providing insights into the practical challenges of implementing mental health programs in police settings. The study’s findings underscore the need for improved training, better logistical support, and enhanced evaluation processes to ensure the program's long-term effectiveness and sustainability

Financial Inclusion and Resilience Among Farmers in Rural Communities

Farmers are among the underserved community and often face difficulties to accessing financial services which hinders their ability to improve productivity, manage risks, and achieve economic resilience in the long term. This study explores the financial inclusion among farmers in rural communities focusing on the challenges they encounter and their coping mechanisms to survive economic shocks and financial exclusion. This study used convergent parallel mixed-methods design, and data were collected across seven municipalities in Southern Palawan, Philippines with 369 farmers participants. The study determines the socio-economic profile of farmers in terms of educational attainment, training and seminars attended, average income per cropping, farm size, and financial services obtained. While majority of the farmers are in elementary and high school levels, they have varied income brackets along with their farm size and access to different financial services, such as loans and insurance. A significant portion of farmers reported utilizing financial services from microfinance companies and informal credit sources. Thus, challenges identified include limited access to financial resources, inadequate financial management skills, loan dependency worsened by misalignment with agricultural cycles, leaving farmers more susceptible. Farmers cope by relying on loans and credits sought after microfinance companies and informal financial providers, alternative income sources, and crop insurance. The study suggests a financial inclusion program to give farmers in rural areas better access to an affordable and quality financial services along with policies supporting sustainable agricultural practices and continuous financial education emphasizing practical approach

The Role and Benefits of ChatGPT in the Agriculture Sector in EU Countries

The implementation of ChatGPT in the agricultural sector throughout the countries of the EU is revolutionising conventional farming methods. ChatGPT utilises sophisticated artificial intelligence capabilities to offer immediate assistance and valuable information to farmers, thereby improving their ability to make informed decisions and increasing their efficiency. The uses of this technology span from enhancing crop yields through predictive analytics to providing personalised guidance on sustainable farming methods. Moreover, ChatGPT enhances the effectiveness of supply chain management and enhances communication between stakeholders. This technological innovation aligns with the European Union's objectives of fostering a more sustainable and innovative agricultural future. This study examines the role and benefits of ChatGPT, an advanced artificial intelligence technology, in the agriculture sector of EU countries. The analysis is based on a mixed-effects model using secondary data from the European Commission's agricultural database and various agricultural research institutions across EU countries. The model includes covariates such as crop yields, water consumption, and decision-making scores, and accounts for country and year fixed effects. The results indicate that ChatGPT adoption has a statistically significant and positive impact on crop yields, resource consumption, and decision-making capabilities. Specifically, ChatGPT adoption leads to a 0.87 metric ton increase in crop yields per hectare, a 230 cubic meter reduction in water consumption per hectare, and a 1.24-point increase in decision-making scores. The findings demonstrate the potential of ChatGPT to improve agricultural performance in EU countries, and highlight the importance of integrating AI technologies in the agricultural sector to address pressing challenges such as resource scarcity and climate change. The study has some  limitations, including potential unobserved confounding factors and the generalizability of the findings across different agricultural practices and contexts. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of ChatGPT and other AI technologies on agriculture

Crisis Management through Crisis Communication: Lessons from a Higher Educational Institution

All higher educational institutions experience different types of crises. In the early 2020, higher educational institutions experienced various types of crises and these crises tested the resiliency of every institution.  This case study aimed to examine how a higher educational institutions in a highly urbanized city managed the crises it faced during the pandemic especially in the area of crisis communication. It aimed to describe how the subject institution utilized crisis communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic; determine the effectiveness of crisis communication in addressing concerns; and proposed improvements that can be made to crisis communications in higher educational institutions. An asynchronous interview was employed by the researcher with 17 members of the management team. This study found out that the manger participants have had concerns with the well-being of their family, the quality in delivering their service products to the customers, and job security. It also found out that the methods employed by subject university resulted in a positive reception of the crisis communication message. While the sentiments of the respondents were mostly positive, there were unmistakable shortcomings such as concerns or questions from stakeholder not being addressed in a timely and supportive manner. While the subject institution is not uniquely affected by the pandemic, its crisis communication response may help the progress and development of crisis communication across different industries and organizational cultures

Social Reconstruction toward Wellness Tourism Development: Pivotal Roles of Woman Empowerment and Participation

Drawing on feminist ecology theory, this paper explores how woman empowerment (i.e., psychological, social, political, and economic aspects) may lead to social reconstruction toward wellness tourism development in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the existing paper examines the mediating role of women's participation in the development of wellness tourism. This paper employs an empirical quantitative method to analyse the interrelations among these variables, using 438 responses from Saudi and non-Saudi women. Findings confirmed that women's participation in wellness tourism development was partially mediated in the nexuses between four woman empowerment aspects and social reconstruction toward wellness tourism development. Results showed that women's initiatives in wellness tourism (e.g., holistic retreats, healing centres, and eco-tourism) generate community resilience, contribute to gender equity, and sustain heritage. This paper presents new insights into policy development, sustainable tourism planning, and gender-sensitive economic reform in the Saudi context

Towards an Understanding of Perceptual Illusions in Language and Speech: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective

Perceptual illusions in language and speech reveal how listeners interpret auditory input in ways that deviate from the acoustic signals they receive. These phenomena shed light on the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying speech perception, shaped by linguistic and cultural factors. This paper reviews four key perceptual illusions: phonemic restoration, the McGurk effect, verbal transformation, and auditory streaming, examining their manifestation across different languages, including Persian, Turkish, Japanese, and English. By integrating findings from diverse linguistic studies, this paper highlights the interplay between universal perceptual processes and language-specific influences, with implications for speech recognition technology, language learning, and clinical applications.

The Armenian Cardinal Gregory Peter XV Aghajanian—a Pioneering Figure in the Holy Roman Church

The presented paper is dedicated to one of the prominent Armenians of the 20th century world, Cardinal Gregory Peter XV Aghajanian (1895–1971), who, with his influential role, stands as a monumental figure in the Holy Roman Catholic Church, at the same time being an outstanding figure of Armenian identity and heritage. Being born in a region marked by political and social upheaval (in the Caucasus), then living in the West and in the East parts of the world and traveling around the globe, he devoted his life to the clerical mission and regulation of inter-ecclesiastical issues, ecumenical and interfaith dialogue, aiming to spread Catholicism as well as to bridge divisions between different Christian denominations and promote understanding among diverse Christian communities. Cardinal Aghajanian, an Armenian Catholic priest, played a significant role as a high-ranking cleric and ‘pastoral diplomat’ within the Vatican. Being the Patriarch-Catholicos of Cilicia from 1937 to 1962, he attained the rank of cardinal in 1946 and subsequently held the position of prefect of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith from 1958/60 to 1970. He played a key role in the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), acting for renewal and reforms within the Catholic Church. Appointed as a member of the Roman Curia and serving in different positions, he attempted to promote dialogue between the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox churches. He was also known for his work with the Eastern Catholic Churches and his contributions to their missionary activities and the canon regulation. His contributions are also obvious to the Armenian Catholic presence within the larger Catholic community. Aghajanian's ecclesiastical and missionary legacy is characterized by his commitment to unity and the promotion of peace, making him a pioneering figure in the evolution of the Church during a transformative period of the 20th century. His brilliant knowledge and diplomatic skills, mastering the art of negotiation, and the virtues characteristic of a cleric earned him a position of influence within the Roman Church, where his insights and guidance were sought after in matters of both faith and governance. He was twice nominated and considered as a candidate for Pope (1958 and 1963), possibly due to the above circumstances. Finally, he lived during a unique period of the evolution of the Holy Roman Catholic Church, i.e., during the reign of the 20th century's distinguished popes, among them Pius X (1903-1914), Benedict XV (1914-1922), Pius XI (1922-1939), Pius XII (1939-1958), John XXIII (1958-1963), and Paul VI (1963-1978). So, he was the Armenian who was noticed by some of the mentioned popes, entrusting him with a number of important positions and missions, thus further ensuring his irreplaceable place in the then-operating Roman Curia and the Church atmosphere in general. Essentially, Cardinal Aghajanian was destined to become one of the most famous figures of the Holy See of the Vatican in the middle of the 20th century, to be a part of various world political-diplomatic, spiritual, ecclesiastical, and international affairs, and in consequence to be at the center of those events. His rich lifetime activities may be divided into a few parts: a priest and a teacher, a bishop and an administrator, the patriarch—a caring father and a pastoral diplomat, a cardinal and a voice for spreading Christianity, a high-ranking cleric, and a diplomatic figure in ecclesiastical-political matters. He always acted for Catholicism, for the propagation of the faith and evangelization

Manifestations of Ancient and Medieval Armenian Ornamentation in the Architecture of Armenia of the Soviet Period

The rich artistic and architectural heritage of Armenia, spanning ancient, medieval, and new periods, is renowned for its intricate ornamentation and symbolic motifs that reflect the nation’s cultural, religious, and historical identity. Throughout Armenia’s history, these ornamental traditions have been preserved and adapted from century to century, influencing various forms of artistic expression, including architecture. The ornamentation (ornamental patterns) and decoration (constructive elements) were widely used and occupied a large place in Soviet-Armenian architecture, having an important stylistic, compositional, and epistemological-cognitive value and significance. Therefore, the study of the ornamentation and individual architectural details that play an important role in the artistic expression of Armenian architectural structures of the Soviet period is noteworthy, especially since Soviet-Armenian architecture was the creative forge of the revival of Armenian national architecture, one of the important features of which is the unveiling of its aesthetic issues. Thus, presented article explores the manifestations of Armenian ornamentation within the architectural landscape of the Soviet period in Armenia. It examines how traditional Armenian decorative motifs were integrated, adapted, or transformed in Soviet-era architecture, reflecting a subtle relationship between national cultural identity and Soviet ideological influences. Through presentation and analysis of different architectural examples and ornamental patterns, this article highlights the persistence and evolution of Armenian architectural heritage amid socio-political shifts, offering insights into the cultural resilience and identity expression during Soviet era (1920-1990s)