Typographic Expressions in Graphic Design Education

Abstract    In this manuscript, the reflection of typographic expression training methods such as integration, resolution, transposition, disintegration, and lettering on students’ design and learning processes was strived to be analyzed. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used altogether. The study group comprised of senior year Azad University Graphic and Architecture Faculty Visual Communication and Art students (10) who took the “Project Appliance” course. The group consists of volunteering students with elementary typography knowledge and typography skills who have not previously brought out creative, original, and new typography works. Students have designed posters as products before and after the training of typographic expression ways, respectively. Three experts graded the posters using a scoring rubric and answer key prepared by analysts. Evaluation results were analyzed with Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. A semi-structured interview was conducted after the training, and the data obtained were resolved by content analysis. By the research results, the products of students who have participated in the education of expression methods in typography were successful. Students have expressed to have progressed both professionally and personally. Themes such as creativity, feeling well, self-confidence, satisfaction appeared in content analysis consisting of interview notes

Screening the Criteria for Tradition and Modernism in Iranian Academic Buildings Using Fuzzy Delphi Technique

Fundamental changes in Iranian architecture from the middle of the Qajar era contracted Iranian architecture flow in a different direction from the past and affected the building. One of the influential currents in contemporary Iranian architecture is the formation of modern architectural currents and, consequently, the combination of modern architecture and traditional architecture. Traditional fusion and modernism are clearly reflected in the body of several buildings, including academic buildings. This study aims to extract and screen the criteria for tradition and modernism in academic buildings, especially “faculties”. This study uses a mixed methodology. Criteria are explored using semi-structured interviews using grounded theory methodology. The strategy used in the quantitative step is screening using the fuzzy Delphi technique. For this purpose, the criteria governing tradition and modernism are extracted through attributional analysis and desk research. Accordingly, the text of the interview was edited. The results of the interviews were imported into ATLAS.ti, yielding the criteria for tradition and modernism in the faculties. A questionnaire was then developed to assess each criterion's contribution from the perspective of students and faculty. They were purposefully distributed to screen and evoke tradition and modernism in faculty buildings using the fuzzy Delphi and MATLAB techniques. According to the results, for modern criteria, “Free plan”, “segregation of spatial realms” and “avoiding ornaments and excessive simplicity”, belong to the rank of VL membership degree. On the other hand, for traditional criteria, “confinement hierarchy”, and “yard arrangement using natural elements”, Belong to the membership degrees VL, and VL, respectively

Significance of Epigraphy in the Islamic Architecture Emphasized on the Epigraphies in Enghelab Courtyard of Imam Reza Shrine

The Imam Reza shrine is a kind of museum with varieties of Islamic arts. In this museum the art masterpieces are related to different historical periods. The age of this great museum is more than thirteen centuries. This is a well-known museum because of the valuable position of the holy shrine of ‘Alī ibn Mūsā ar-Riḍā. There are too much epigraphies around this place. These epigraphies have been repaired by the consideration to their history. There are too many epigraphies from Timurid Empire in the Enghelab Courtyard of Haram. Another name of this courtyard is ancient courtyard. These epigraphies indicate the social conditions of each period. The current research is descriptive-analytic. Library studies and also field studies were used in this research. The findings of this research indicate that epigraphy in the Islamic architecture has an effective role in order to create the spiritualty spirit within the building. This kind of art is derived from the spiritual essence of Holy Quran. Therefore, the purpose of epigraphy in the holy shrine of ‘Alī ibn Mūsā ar-Riḍā is creation of spiritual communication between God and man. The recent studies show that most of the epigraphies are derivd from Safavid era. Most of their concepts are related to the religious contexts

Effective Parameters on Post-Disaster Temporary Housing Design in Rural Settlements

Provision of temporary housing for victims and survivors of a disaster is one of the most important issues in disaster management process. The purpose of this study was to identify the parameters affecting the post-disaster temporary housing design in rural settlements by reviewing the theoretical literature over previous experiences. Based on the findings, the effective parameters were: "Standards of dimensions and housing size with a minimum occupancy level"; "Durability and useful life of the proposed structure and details"; "Optimal construction costs such as components and materials"; "Structural strength"; "Ease of production and possibility of using prefabricated constructs"; "Possibility of building using vernacular-local details"; "Ease of transferability (size and weight)"; "Possibility of storage and maintenance in minimum space"; "Multiple applications and reusability"; "Simplicity and ease of installation, establishment, assembly, and repair"; "Familiarity of the local-vernacular people with the applied structural form"; " Possibility of using local-vernacular people in establishing the settlement"; "Adaptation to the local, social, and cultural characteristics of the context (providing a private environment)"; "Taking into account the physical condition and needs of special people (children, women, and injured people)"; "Flexibility in arrangement and location in different geological and environmental situations"; "Flexibility in lay-out and arrangement in indoor spaces according to the users' needs"; "Possibility of using local people to build and set up"; "Applying safety tips"; "Providing thermal comfort"; "Energy consumption"; and "Adaptation to the micro-climate conditions of the region". The findings of this study can be considered by experts, planners, and policy makers in the field of architectural design and temporary housing

Reviewing the History of Textile Dyeing in Iran and Introducing the Novel Method by using Nano Technology

This article examines the position of color in Iran during different time period and dyeing of textiles. In this research, observing the past dyeing methods and awareness to today's chemical and industrial dyeing, an attempt has been made to create color shades using nanomaterials. In this research, copper/silver nanoparticles were taken from Sigma Aldrich Company and using chemical methods two golden and brown colored shades was created on cotton fabric. The results show the success of colors created. Considering the nature of the materials used, it can be stated that these colors do not have any side effects on the environment

Analyzing Contemporary Philippine Art Forms and Critiquing Available Local Materials and Appropriate Techniques Used in Creating Art

The way art is understood has been formalized. The primary objective of this paper is to acquaint the students with one of the methods in analyzing contemporary Philippine art forms and critiquing available local materials and appropriate techniques used in creating art. As part of the subject course in Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions, one of the core subjects in the Senior High School curriculum in the Philippines under the K-12 curriculum, one of the methods implemented in critiquing contemporary Philippine artworks is the Analysis-Interpretation-Discernment Method or the AID Method. This method will be carried out together with the description applied to contemporary art and the knowledge in the elements, principles, and contexts of arts. Criticism can be construed positively. Several critics discuss their reactions to various forms of art and weigh in on the works’ merits. One may not always agree with their assessments, as the criteria or standards of evaluation may differ significantly from those of the professional critic. In this circumstance, visiting contemporary art exhibitions and conversing with living artists is critical for developing a knowledge and appreciation for the Philippine arts and culture. The purpose of art criticism gives a significant role in the process of inquiry in relation to contemporary arts, that is, to distinguish the different contexts of art to a familiar art form as well as to appraise the culture of the Philippine arts with awareness and appreciation

The Impression of the Originality of Existence Philosophy Concepts in the Dramatic Literature with Emphasis on Three Plays (Nausea, Dirty Hands and the Satan and God)

Jean-Paul Sartre's point of view on the originality of existence philosophy is interleaved with concepts such as: freedom, apprehension, choice, awareness and human presence as well as everything that leading to man's liberation is reflected in his plays. Jean-Paul Sartre puts existence precede to the nature and considered the man as a potential free being that in the way of freedom he is responsible not only for himself but also for others. In the book of "Existence and Non-Existence" he is believes in deconstruction in all social and cultural fields. Sartre sees drama as a window for attitudinize the universe. The concept of existentialism in his plays is under the influence of philosophical and ideological propositions. Moral and political characteristics in the works of Jean-Paul Sartre expressed in such a way that describes a kind of worldview with philosophical propositions and dramatic, artful technique. Therefore one of the questions in this article is how did Sartre's dramatic literature benefit from the philosophy of existentialism? How does existence and non-existence appear in most of Sartre's plays? What does the concept of hell basically mean in his works? In this article, an attempt has been made to demonstrate how existence and non-existence and the critique of dialectical wisdom have been evaluated in his plays

an Effect of Seismic Horizontal Loads on the Structure of the Taj al-Molk Dome in Jameh Mosque of Isfahan

The external forces acting on the structures are divided into two categories based on the direction of application: a. Loads applied in the vertical direction or gravity loads such as: dead loads, live loads, snow load, etc. B. Loads applied in the horizontal direction or lateral loads such as: earthquake load, wind load, etc. Therefore, in this study, the behavior of the northern dome of Isfahan Jameh Mosque (Taj al-Molk dome) was examined under horizontal seismic loads using a finite element three-dimensional model (3D FE) (nonlinear dynamic analysis) with one level of numerical complexity with the aim to cover the structure of the dome, which has a medium to high complexity in operation. The results indicated that the structure of the Taj al-Molk dome is vulnerable to horizontal loads, so that if the residual deformation occurs in the range of 0.4% and 0.8%, it will cause the structure to collapse. On the other hand, geometric features (irregularity in the plan and height of the dome, the presence of large openings, height changes in the cross section as well as the presence of the dome or an internal inclined arch) play an essential role in the seismic performance of the building

The Effect of Parents’ Socio-Economic Status and their Participation in Learning Music and choosing Children’s Instruments

The socio-economic status of parents is directly related to parents' participation in activities related to their child's music learning. However, there is insufficient evidence on the impact of parents' socio-economic status on music learning activities and children's choice of instruments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of socio-economic status of parents on their participation in their children's music learning and children's entertainment with music-related activities. This study examined the value and extent of parental involvement from the perspective of 157 parents with children between 3 and 12 years old, enrolled in music classes in Tehran. The main tool for collecting information required for the research was a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to collect the quantitative data of the questionnaires and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel statistical software. In addition, children from families with high socio-economic status are more involved in music learning activities. As this study shows, the socio-economic status of parents has a significant impact on their children's participation, perspective and interaction. Therefore, educators should pay more attention to children's backgrounds in order to provide appropriate guidance and support based on the needs of each student and their parents. A more regular communication and interaction between the teacher, the student and the parents about the challenges they face and their expectations will help increase children's learning of music

Retrieving the Concepts of Persian Garden in the Content of Contemporary Iranian Painting

contemporary paintings are abundantly brought up with combination of various images of Iranian Gardens in order to describe identity and culture of Iran, because these paintings have important role in retrieving and recognizing Iranian identity , culture and history,   and also have a very long-lasting record , because of which  there exists a need for studying.  Contemporary paintings , all inherited  from   Iranian Garden design, embed presentation of  plans, animals and architecture , as matters of identity and culture of our country, can help to make   better recognition and revival of past culture and older Iranian identity. Gardens have had very important  place since old days in Iranian culture and civilization and have been counted as one of fundamental concepts of social, cultural and natural discourse    of this land , Still  presented in Iranian literature ,architecture and painting in different forms, in a way that these days’ painters pay special attention to     outcome concepts  of Iranian Gardens. The main purpose of this work is recognizing and retrieving  the concepts of Iranian garden in   content of contemporary Iranian painting. At the  time being, study conclusions show that it  is possible to  retrieve the concepts of the Iranian garden by means of  analyzing and demonstrating the content of landscape  drawing drawn by contemporary painters, specially construction type,  Rhythm, symmetry, and coloring used in these works