An Examination of Factors Influencing Law Enforcement in Cases of Electoral Offenses During the 2020 Regional Head Elections in Northern Lombok Regency

This study aims to explore the determining factors impacting the enforcement of electoral laws during the 2020 regional elections in North Lombok Regency. Regional head elections represent a direct mechanism for the populace to elect their leaders. Given the nature of elections as a platform for power acquisition, they inherently attract transgressions, unlawful deeds, irregularities, and other violations. The Final Report of the Election Supervisory Body (Bawaslu) of North Lombok Regency revealed that while eight instances of electoral infractions were probed, only one case was prosecuted, forming the focal point of this article. The research employed normative-empirical legal research with both conceptual and case approaches, by collecting primary and secondary data, which were subsequently qualitatively analyzed. The findings indicated various factors influencing the adjudication process of electoral offenses during the 2020 Pilkada in North Lombok Regency, including disparities in the interpretation of legal statutes among law enforcement entities handling electoral crimes, inadequate evidentiary support to establish electoral infractions, and challenges in procuring testimony from cooperative witnesses

The Eradication of Human Trafficking: What Can We Learn From East Lombok District?

The lack of information regarding labor migration in the society of West Nusa Tenggara Province means that quite few prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers (IMW) are vulnerable to malpractice recruitment and can result in exploitation so that they have the potential to become human trafficking victims. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Regulation Number 10 of 2008 and the obstacles and also the opportunities for preventing and eradicating human trafficking as an effort to prevent human trafficking in East Lombok Regency. The results of this study that are West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Regulation Number 10 of 2008 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Human Trafficking and its derivative, namely East Lombok Regency Regional Regulation Number 9 of 2013 concerning Protection of Victims of Human Trafficking and Acts of Violence against Women and Children are not running effectively considering that the mandate of these two regional regulations is to form a Cluster Human Trafficking duties at the Regency Level have not been carried out, so that the relevant agencies cannot coordinate optimally. Optimizing the Eradication of Human Trafficking in East Lombok Regency can be done by forming a Human Trafficking Task Force so that inter-agency cooperation can run optimally. The formation of the Human Trafficking Task Force will provide certainty regarding the involvement of human resources, funding and facilities and infrastructure. Apart from the role of the Human Trafficking Task Force, of course there is also a need for public awareness, especially prospective migrant workers, to register themselves legally so that they can prevent them from becoming victims of Human Trafficking.Rendahnya informasi mengenai migrasi tenaga kerja di masyarakat Provinsi NTB mengakibatkan tidak sedikit calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) rawan terhadap malpraktek rekrutmen dan dapat berakibat terjadinya eksploitasi terhadap calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) sehingga berpotensi menjadi korban perdagangan orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Perda Provinsi NTB Nomor 10 Tahun 2008 dan hambatan serta peluang pencegahan dan pemberantasan perdagangan orang sebagai upaya pencegahan human trafficking di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Jenis Penelitian ini yaitu yuridis empiris dengan lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian terdahulu yang dapat dijadikan rujukan yaitu Jurnal Any Suryani H., dengan judul Penyuluhan Hukum tentang Pencegahan Perdagangan Orang di Desa Malaka Kecamatan Pemenang Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Penekanan dalam penelitian Any Suryani yaitu mengenai masyarakat yang belum mampu memahami tentang perdagangan orang serta bahaya dari perdagangan orang dan cara bekerja di luar negeri yang aman. Penelitian ini berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya baik dari substansi maupun lokasi pelaksanaan. Adapun hasil penelitian ini yaitu bahwa Perda Provinsi NTB Nomor 10 Tahun 2008 belum berjalan secara optimal dikarenakan masih terdapat beberapa unsur efektivitas hukum yang belum terpenuhi diantaranya, pertama unsur kaidah hukum (substance of law) sudah mengatur mengenai tugas dan tanggungjawab pemerintah daerah untuk membentuk Gugus Tugas TPPOn namun pada unsur kedua yaitu unsur penegak hukum (structure of law) Gugus Tugas TPPO hanya terbentuk ditingkat provinsi saja, sedangkan di Kabupaten Lombok Timur masih belum terbentuk, ketiga unsur sarana (fasilitas) Kabupaten Lombok Timur belum memiliki Balai Rehabilitasi untuk korban TPPO, keempat unsur kesadaran masyarakat yaitu rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat untuk mendaftarkan diri sebagai Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) yang sesuai dengan prosedur, dan kelima unsur budaya masyarakat (culture of law) yaitu paham patriarki yang cukup kuat mengakibatkan tingginya masyarakat, khususnya perempuan untuk bekerja menjadi PMI. Kata Kunci : Efektivitas Perda NTB; Human Trafficking Lombok Timur; Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan TPP

Enforcement of the Code of Ethics for 2024 Election Organizers in Indonesia: A Substantive Justice Perspective

This study employs a normative legal research approach focusing on conceptual and legislative analysis. Its aim is to examine the dynamics of the enforcement of the electoral organizers’ code of ethics by the Indonesian Election Supervisory Agency (DKPP) and to formulate a reconstruction of this enforcement aimed at achieving substantive justice. The findings assert that the enforcement dynamics of the electoral organizers’ code of ethics by DKPP inherently pose two main issues. Internally, the enforcement requires oversight and public participation to ensure DKPP’s credibility and integrity in upholding the code of ethics. Externally, issues arise regarding the final and binding nature of DKPP decisions, which have been undermined by Constitutional Court rulings, allowing for their annulment by judicial bodies such as the Administrative Court (PTUN). Reconstruction or reform efforts concerning the enforcement of the electoral code of ethics for electoral administrators, based on substantive justice, necessitate a clear affirmation of the independence of ethical norms, particularly those related to the conduct of electoral administrators. This includes ensuring that the enforcement of these ethical norms is immune from legal norms and external intervention. Additionally, there is a need for a revision of the electoral laws in Indonesia to enhance the appeal process for ethical judgments rendered by the Election Supervisory Board (DKPP), which are final and binding and cannot be overturned by the courts, especially the Administrative Court (PTUN)

Urgensi Pengesahan RUU Energi Baru dan Terbarukan dalam Upaya Pengembangan Energi Yang Berkelanjutan

Energy consumption in Indonesia remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels, including oil, gas, and coal, while new and renewable energy sources are still considered alternatives. This dependence on fossil fuels presents at least three significant risks: 1) the exhaustion of current oil reserves, assuming no new discoveries are made; 2) price volatility and instability due to demand outstripping oil production; and 3) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from burning fossil fuels. Consequently, to support Indonesia’s commitment to sustainable energy development, the ratification of the Draft Law on New and Renewable Energy (RUU EBT) should be prioritized. This study aims to identify and analyze the urgency of ratifying RUU EBT in promoting sustainable energy development, as well as the regulatory framework within RUU EBT that emphasizes sustainability principles. The research employs a normative legal research methodology, incorporating statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches. The study’s findings reveal that the legal framework governing new and renewable energy (EBT) in Indonesia is currently fragmented across various laws and regulations. Moreover, the existing regulations issued by the Government related to EBT frequently undergo changes, which undermines their ability to provide a strong legal foundation and guarantee legal certainty. This is because they have not been comprehensively consolidated into a single law. Additionally, the implementation of EBT is guided by principles such as benefit, efficiency, justice, sustainability, resilience, sovereignty, independence, accessibility, participation, and integration.Konsumsi energi di Indonesia bisa dikatakan masih didominasi oleh energi fosil (minyak bumi, gas bumi, dan batubara), sementara energi baru dan terbarukan (EBT) sifatnya masih alternatif. Ketergantungan terhadap energi fosil memunculkan sekurang-kurangnya tiga ancaman serius yaitu: 1) Menipisnya cadangan minyak bumi yang ada (asumsi tanpa temuan sumur minyak baru); 2) Kenaikan/ketidakstabilan harga akibat laju permintaan yang lebih besar dari produksi minyak; dan 3) Polusi gas rumah kaca (GRK) akibat pembakaran bahan bakar fosil. Maka demi mendukung komitmen Indonesia dalam mengembangkan energi yang berkelanjutan, pengesahan Rancangan Undang-Undang tentang Energi Baru dan Terbarukan (RUU EBT) sudah selayaknya menjadi prioritas utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis urgensi pengesahan RUU EBT dalam upaya pengembangan energi yang berkelanjutan serta kerangka pengaturan EBT dalam RUU EBT yang mengedepankan pada prinsip kelestarian dan berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah tipe penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur EBT saat ini masih tersebar dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan. Selain itu, regulasi yang ada dan telah diterbitkan oleh Pemerintah terkait EBT sering mengalami perubahan sehingga belum dapat menjadi landasan hukum yang kuat dan menjamin kepastian hukum, karena belum diatur secara komprehensif dalam satu undang-undang. Selain itu, Penyelenggaraa EBT dilakukan berdasar pada asas kemanfaatan, efisiensi, berkeadilan, kelestarian, dan keberlanjutan, ketahanan, kedaulatan, dan kemandirian, aksesibiltas, partisipatif, dan keterpaduan

Big Data Analytics Algorithms for Dynamic Pricing: The Legal Analysis of the Indonesia Competitions Law readiness in Digital Era

This article analyzes the readiness of Indonesian competition law regarding the utilization of big data and reinforcement learning as tools to improve retailers' pricing strategies, ultimately leading to increased profitability and higher customer engagement and loyalty. It conducts a comprehensive review of scholarly literature pertaining to adaptive algorithmic pricing, with a specific focus on analyzing trends and the impacts of algorithmic pricing strategies. The literature review spans the years 2018 to 2022 and adheres to PRISMA criteria, with academic journals from Scopus serving as the primary source of research papers. The findings of this review indicate that it is evident that the most frequently utilized type of algorithm is RL, that shares a resemblance to human learning processes. Competition law enforcement should consider the possibility of illicit agreements between these artificial agents of colluding companies. In light of the capacity of EAs to facilitate the coordination of illicit agreement, it is imperative to consider the reformulation of Article 5 of Law Number 5 of 1999 and Regulation of KPPU Number 4 of 2011, particularly regarding the classification of price-fixing, to be adjusted to the latest developments, particularly regarding "EAs". ITE Law also should not be limited to EAs merely acting as “tools”. Instead, it should acknowledge their capacity to function as “AI Agents” capable of autonomous action

Legal Protection for Investors against Fraud by Market Manipulation in the Indonesian Capital Market

Fraudulent acts through market manipulation in the capital market can lead to investors receiving false information in their investment decisions, resulting in unprotected investor funds and unsustainable capital market industry operations. This article employs a normative legal method. Market price manipulation in the capital market falls under the category of fraud in the capital market as it is done with the intention of self-gain and deception, creating a semblance not based on actual material facts to influence others to buy, sell, or hold securities. Protection for investors can be achieved through two approaches: preventive measures by mandating all issuers to adhere to the principle of full disclosure supervised by the Financial Services Authority, and criminal measures where perpetrators of fraud in the capital market can face sanctions of up to 10 years imprisonment or fines of Rp 15 billion following Article 104 of the Capital Market Law. However, existing regulations are still insufficient in protecting the legal interests of investors from fraudulent activities in the capital market due to several factors including the ineffectiveness of the Capital Market Law, weak law enforcement, lack of legal protection mechanisms for investors who suffer losses due to market manipulation, and sanctions deemed ineffective

Reformulation of Sale And Purchase Agreement Regulations in Creating Legal Certainty and Justice in The Transfer of Land Rights in Indonesia

Even though Indonesia has promulgated Act Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles Regulations, this regulation cannot provide legal certainty and justice for the parties in the sale and purchase of land rights agreements. When judges decide cases involving property rights sale and purchase agreements, they base their decisions on legal procedures and sources, which demonstrate this uncertainty and injustice. The legal sources as references are varied, sometimes BW (Burgerlijk Wetboek, Adat Law (Customary Law), or Act Number 5 of 1960 with Government Regulatiion Number 24 of 1997. This article uses a normative legal research method. In analysis, to create a land rights sale and purchase agreement that can provide legal certainty and justice, the issue needs to be regulated, especially regarding the issue of the various legal sources, and the responsibility of the state in providing legal certainty. For sales and purchase agreements to provide legal certainty and justice, the state must move from a negative publication system to a positive publication system to realize the constitutional rights of Indonesian citizens in Article 28 D UUD 1945

Legal Regulation of E-courts in Ukraine as an Element of Access to Justice for the Protection of Individual Rights

The purpose of the research is to consider electronic judicial procedure as an element of access to justice regarding protection of rights of individuals. The assessment of the effectiveness of the judicial system in Ukraine in 2023 was 2.73 points on a 5-point scale. The judicial index consists of three equivalent components: the assessment of the level of trust in the judicial system of the CEOs of the EVA member companies, which this year was 2.17 points; the assessment of the impartiality of the judicial system, which is 2.88; and the average assessment of seven factors of the organization and operation of the judicial system, which is 3 and 13 points. It has been established that that certain elements of digitalization of social processes change the social space and, in particular, the mechanisms of judicial proceedings. In the process of the development of society, certain factors came to life and these factors led to the growth of the role of information and, and therefore, to a clearer allocation of the information function in the field of jurisprudence. The following conclusion was made: the need to use information technologies in the judiciary is due to the global informatization of modern society and the development of new forms of interaction in the civil sphere with the use of electronic means of communication: the global Internet, mobile and satellite communication systems, etc. “E-court” involves the use of information and communication technologies in the process of implementing procedural legislation. The novelties of the judicial system are aimed at expanding accessibility of justice in conditions of territorial peculiarities of the Ukrainian state, improving the quality of the process and efficiency, and achieving transparency and openness in the judicial system.

No Viral No Justice: A Criminological Review of Social Media-Based Law Enforcement from the Perspective of Progressive Law

The phenomenon of "no viral, no justice" emerges due to public distrust of the justice system, prompting people to "play judge" themselves on social media in the name of substantive justice, despite the risks of defamation and violations of the legal process. The purpose of this research is to analyze the “no viral, no justice” phenomenon arising from social media-based law enforcement and evaluate its harmony with the principles of progressive law. This normative legal research uses a conceptual approach, applying primary and secondary legal materials, a literature study for data collection techniques, and content analysis to describe the application of progressive legal concepts in social media-based law enforcement. Qualitative data analysis is carried out systematically to draw conclusions in accordance with the research problem formulation. The results show that the "no viral, no justice" phenomenon arises because law enforcement is influenced by public pressure due to viral cases on social media to be addressed immediately, thus creating the perception that non-viral cases mean no justice. This contradicts the principles of progressive law, which promotes the protection of human rights, substantive justice, and rejects discrimination. Law enforcement is also still not considered harmonious with progressive law because viral cases on social media are prioritized without considering justice holistically, while the principles of equality before the law and the presumption of innocence should still be upheld before public pressure comes into play

Initiating the Reform of Principle Norms in the Formation of Laws in Indonesia

The formation of responsive laws is an ideal form and a must in a country that adheres to democracy, the involvement of the community in the formation of laws and regulations is a form of implementation of democracy and popular sovereignty, so far the principles of the Formation of Legislation are regulated in Article 5 of Law Number 12 of 2011, but these principles are still formally operational and are considered unable to provide space for the community in conveying input that needs to be fulfilled in the mechanism of forming laws, so there needs to be an update on the principles of its formation. This research aims to find out how the idea of updating the norms of principles in the formation of laws in the future, the method in research uses legal research methods through approaches, data analysis is descriptive qualitative statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. the results of the study show that the formation of laws and regulations must certainly begin with a response to the existence of a legal problem that develops in society and there must be a regulatory solution, so that the formation of laws and regulations is not always based on political interests, certain groups or other interests, it is to avoid overregulation. The concept of responsiveness becomes urgent to be prioritized as a new norm of principles in the formation of good laws and regulations, because it can provide a two-way space between the legislator and the public quickly. the concept of responsiveness becomes a new idea in the new norm of the principles of good law formation, which has the character of strengthening the root foundation of the principle of openness and as a supporter (supporting) to the provisions of Article 96  Law Number 13 of 2022 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Formation of Legislative Regulations