Short physical performance battery is not associated with falls and injurious falls in older persons : longitudinal data of the SCOPE project

INTRODUCTION: Falls and fall-related injuries in older persons are a major public health problem. Our objective was to study the predictive value of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in the cohort of the SCOPE project on falls, injurious falls, and possible difference of prediction between indoors and outdoors falls. METHODS: For this sub-study of the SCOPE project participants reporting no falls at baseline, and survey data on falls at the 12-month and 24-month follow-up were included. Participant´s characteristics were assessed during the baseline interview and medical examinations. Falls as well as injurious falls and fall circumstances were obtained self-reported. SPPB and its association with fallers vs. no fallers at 12 and at 24 months were studied with logistic regression models. RESULTS: The 1198 participants had a median age of 79 years (77-82), and a median SPPB of 10 (8-11), with a 52.5% of female. A total of 227 and 277 falls (12- and 24- month visits, respectively) were reported. In the crude model, the SPPB sum scores (p < 0.001) as well as most single item scores were significant different between fallers and non-fallers over time. However, the association was attenuated in models adjusted for age, sex, marital status, number of medications, quality of life, handgrip strength, and muscle mass [e.g., 12 months; OR 0.94 (0.87-1.02)]. While SPPB fails to differentiate between injurious and non-injurious falls (p = 0.48), a lower SPPB score was associated with falls at home (p < 0.01) after 24 months. CONCLUSION: SBPP was not able to significantly predict the risk of falling as well as experiencing an injurious fall. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered prospectively on 25th February 2016 at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02691546)

”På sedernas sida” : De första kvinnorna på Faluns länscellsfängelse 1847–1861

Denna uppsats har som syfte att undersöka hur kvinnors brottslighet lagfördes under mitten av 1800-talet, och hur denna behandling kan spegla kvinnors marginella plats i tidens samhälle. Undersökningsobjektet är Falu cellfängelse, ett av de tio första cellfängelserna i Sverige. Ett cellfängelse sätts i fokus eftersom dessa associerades med ett nytt, ”förbättrande” behandlingssätt. Perioden som står i fokus är fängelsets första femton år i bruk, åren 1847–1861. Forskningen har gjorts genom undersökning och transkribering av fängelsets kyrkoböcker. Undersökning finner att vissa brott vanliga bland män – fylleri, våld – var mer sällsynta bland kvinnor, och motsatta förhållande kan ses bland andra: olovlig brännvinsservering, sabbatsbrott. Många kvinnliga brottslingar var unga kvinnor, men både hustrur och änkor lagfördes ofta för brännvinsbrott. Totalt sett syns ett samband mellan kvinnornas brottslighetsstatistik och det som kallas för nödbrott. Det finns därmed skäl att ifrågasätta effektiviteten av fängelsets förbättrande syfte

Det solstrålande och livsbejakande Jugoslavien : En analys av svenska reseberättelser och tidningsartiklar om Jugoslavien1950–1970

The focus of this research paper is to analyze three Swedish travelogues and news paper reportage of Yugoslavia between the years 1950 and 1970. This is achieved through applying three theoretical concepts on the source material: Yugoslavism, Tourist gaze and Gender. The theoretical structure has aimed to understand how the sources define and write about Yugoslavia and how it relates to the concepts. With two research questions that focus on how Swedish writers saw Yugoslavia, the paper aims to build an understanding of what Yugoslavia as a tourist destination was like according to the source materials. This is achieved and the results of the paper are discussed. They include how the writers construct their own image of Yugoslavia according to the concept yugoslavism, how they don’t see the reality (tourist gaze) and how much they describe women and their role in the society (gender). These results are not accompanied with a negative undertone, which nuances the material as the writers simply were fascinated by the region. The results are analyzed and set in context with previous research and their relevance for research are discussed

”Seven gentlemen in ties and some assistant on the side” : A qualitative study about how gender distribution in strategic management teams shapes work culture as well as gender-specific barriers and stereotypes

Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker hur könsfördelningen i ledningsgruppen utifrån ett genusperspektiv formar dess arbetskultur och könsstereotyper. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ ansats med en empirisk fenomenologisk inriktning och hermeneutisk orientering. En ledningsgrupp med jämn könsfördelning inom en kvinnodominerad bransch har intervjuats och respondenternas upplevelser från både nuvarande och tidigare arbetsplatser användes som resultat för att möjliggöra jämförelser. Sex semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts digitalt och transkriberats med stöd av en transkriberingsmodell. Resultatet jämförs och analyseras ur ett genusperspektiv med stöd av tidigare forskning inom området. Detta för att möjliggöra teorigenerering samt att öka generaliserbarhet och validitet. Dock är resultatet inte generaliserbart utanför urvalsgruppen i den specifika kontexten.   Av studiens resultat framkommer att könsfördelningen i ledningsgruppen inte bara påverkar företaget på organisationsnivå utan även får effekter på individ- och gruppnivå. En jämn könsfördelning formar en ödmjuk arbetskultur och minskar mängden könsspecifika hinder och stereotyper som kvinnor i gruppen tvingas möta på arbetet. Resultatet erbjuder även nya och mer nyanserade perspektiv på etablerad genusforskning där könsfördelningen i gruppen tycks spela en större roll än förväntat. Dessutom tyder resultatet på att könsfördelning i ledningsgruppen har större betydelse än branschperspektivet som varit centralt inom de senaste årens genusforskning.  This bachelor’s thesis examines how the gender distribution in the management team from a gender perspective shapes its work culture and gender stereotypes. The study has been carried out with a qualitative approach, an empirical phenomenological approach and hermeneutic orientation. A strategic management team with equal gender distribution within a femaledominated industry is interviewed and the respondents' experiences from both current and previous workplaces are used as results to allow comparisons. Six semi-structured interviews have been conducted digitally and transcribed with the support of a transcription model. The results are compared and analyzed from a gender perspective with the support of previous research in the field. This enabled theory generation and increased generalizability and validity. However, the result of this study is not generalizable outside of the sample group within the specific context. The result of this study shows that gender distribution in the management team not only affects the company at an organizational level; it also has effects on individual and group levels. An equal gender distribution forms a humble work culture and reduces the amount of genderspecific obstacles and stereotypes that women in the group are forced to face at work. The results also offer new and more nuanced perspectives on established gender research where the gender distribution in the group seems to play a larger role than previously expected. In addition, the results indicate that the gender distribution in the management team is more important than the industry perspective, which has been central to gender research in recent years.

Nurses’ perceptions of working with health promotion in type 2 diabetes within primary care : A literature review

Bakgrund Typ 2 diabetes är en snabbt växande kronisk sjukdom som förväntas öka kraftigt runt om i världen och leder till svåra komplikationer. Hälsofrämjande arbete är en central dimension vid typ 2 diabetes som ger patienterna möjlighet att aktivt främja sin hälsa och förbygga sjukdom. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors uppfattningar av det som påverkar arbetet med hälsofrämjande insatser vid typ 2 diabetes inom primärvården. Metod En strukturerad litteraturöversikt baserad på femton vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan åren 2013 och 2023. Artiklarna var av kvalitativ design och inhämtade från databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Artiklarna har analyserats med Fribergs fyrstegsmetod där resultaten sammanställdes till en ny helhet. Resultat Resultat presenteras i tre huvudkategorier: patienternas förutsättningar, sjuksköterskors förhållningssätt och organisatoriska förutsättningar följt av sju underkategorier: Behov av kunskap, förmåga till kunskapsinhämtning, eget ansvar, personcentrerat förhållningssätt, stödjande roll, tidsbrist och teamarbete. Slutsats Hälsofrämjande insatser påverkas av tre centrala dimensioner som interagerar med varandra: patient, sjuksköterska och sjukvårdsorganisationen. För att kunna arbeta hälsofrämjande behöver sjuksköterskan organisationens stöd och en arbetsmiljö som möjliggör personcentrerad vård vid hälsofrämjande insatser.Background Type 2 diabetes is a rapidly growing chronic disease that is expected to increase significantly worldwide and it can lead to severe complications. Health promoting work is central dimension in type 2 diabetes that enables patients to actively promote their health and prevent illness. Aim The aim is to describe nurses' perceptions of factors influencing work with health promotion in type 2 diabetes within primary care. Method A structured literature review based on fifteen scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023. The articles are of qualitative design and were searched in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Fifteen articles were analysed using Friberg's integrated synthesis method. Results The results are presented in three main categories: patients' conditions, nurses' approaches, and organizational conditions, followed by seven subcategories: Need of knowledge, ability to acquire knowledge, self-responsibility, person-centered approach, supportive role, lack of time and teamwork. Conclusions Health promotion interventions are influenced by three central dimensions that interact with each other: the patient, the nurse, and the healthcare organization. To work with health promotion, the nurse needs the support of the organization and a work environment that enables person-centered care in health promotion interventions

Automatic detection of loose gravel condition using acoustic observations

Maintaining gravel roads is crucial, as loose gravel poses safety risks and increases vehicle costs. Current methods used by the Swedish road administration, Trafikverket, are subjective and time-consuming. Road agencies need a cost-effective, efficient, and unbiased approach to assess gravel road conditions. Studies show human ratings are error-prone and inconsistent. This study aims to develop an automatic method for estimating loose gravel using audio recordings from inside a vehicle, capturing the sound of gravel hitting the car's bottom. These recordings were classified into four classes based on Trafikverket regulations. Sound features were extracted and analysed using supervised machine-learning methods. The Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) achieved the highest classification accuracy of 0.96, with an F1 score, recall, and precision of 0.97. Results indicate that audio data can effectively classify loose gravel conditions

Listening comprehension exercises in Spanish as a foreign language textbooks

Los manuales didácticos son de gran importancia tanto para los estudiantes como para los maestros; sin embargo, la falta de preparación del profesorado con respecto a los manuales educativos ha sido un tema de debate en los últimos años. En este estudio se presentan resultados sobre los ejercicios de comprensión auditiva en los manuales didácticos de ELE. La investigación tiene como finalidad analizar los ejercicios de comprensión auditiva en los manuales didácticos que se utilizan para la enseñanza de ELE, específicamente, en el paso 3. Además, analizaremos las percepciones de los profesores y alumnos de bachillerato en relación con los ejercicios de comprensión auditiva en los manuales. El método empleado en este estudio ha sido el análisis de corpus. El análisis se centra en seis categorías principales: el ámbito, eltipo de respuesta esperada, el tipo de texto oral, la contextualización, el número de hablantes y, finalmente la duración de la grabación. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que en los manuales analizados hay un predominio del ámbito público, mientras que el ámbito profesionaly educativo no tienen representación alguna. Además, se puso en evidencia la falta de contextualización en los ejercicios de comprensión auditiva de los manuales de Caminando 3 y Vistas 3. En relación con la percepción de los profesores y los alumnos, los resultados muestran una discordancia de opiniones en lo que se refiere a los ejercicios auditivos.

How patients with palliative care needs experience support from registered nurses while admitted to in-hospital care : a literature review

Bakgrund: Palliativ vård ges till patienter i livets slutskede när det inte finns något ytterligare botemedel för personens sjukdom. Vårdformen innebär att patientens livskvalitet och välbefinnande sätts främst. Omvårdnad av patienter med palliativt vårdbehov behöver vara personcentrerad och fokuserad på både fysiska och existentiella behov. I sjukhusmiljö riskerar patienter vid livets slutskede att deras sjukdom kommer före den andliga vården och att stödet de får från sjuksköterskor inte kan möta deras behov. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva erfarenheter av hur patienter med behov av palliativ vård upplever stöd från sjuksköterskor när de vårdas på sjukhus. Metod: Litteraturöversikt baserad på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar. Data analyserades systematisk för att sammanställa resultat. Resultat: Utifrån dataanalysen identifierades tre huvudkategorier: symptomlindring, vikten av delaktighet och vårdens organisation. Dessa innefattar underkategorier och beskriver patienter med palliativt vårdbehovs erfarenheter av stöd från sjuksköterskor på sjukhus. Slutsats: Patienter med palliativt vårdbehov upplevde det stöd de får från sjuksköterskor på sjukhus som negativ påverkad av tidsbrist. Omvårdnad av dessa patienter visade sig inte vara tillräckligt personcentrerad. Patienter påpekar brister i den existentiella vården på sjukhusavdelningar och otillräckligt engagemang hos sjuksköterskor. Patienter betonade att de ändå uppskattade sjuksköterskans roll i deras vård på sjukhus men önskade att de hade mer tid för att vara närvarande och ge mer utrymme för patienters egna uttryckta önskningarBackground: Palliative care is given to patients at the end of life when there is no further cure for the person's illness and means that the patient's quality of life and wellbeing are putting first. Care of palliative patients’ needs to be person-centred and focused on both physical and existential needs. In a hospital environment, patients at the end-of life risk that their illness comes before spiritual care and that the support they receive from registered nurses (RN) will not meet their needs. Aim: The aim is to describe experiences of how patients in need of palliative care experience support from RNs when they are cared for in hospital. Method: Literature review based on 13 scientific articles. Data were systematically analyzed to compile results. Results: Based on the data analysis, three main categories were identified: symptom relief, the importance of participation and organization of care. These include subcategories and describe palliative care patients' experiences of support from RNs in hospitals. Conclusions: Palliative patients experienced the support they receive from RNs in hospitals as negatively affected by the lack of time. End-of-life care was found to be insufficiently person-centered. Patients point out shortcomings in the existential care in hospital wards and insufficient commitment of RNs. Patients emphasized that they still appreciated the RN`s role in their care in hospital but wished they had more time to be present and give more space for patients' self-expression

Supporting after stroke : significant others’ understanding of and perceived role in self-management

Background and aims Self-management support is important in persons adaptation to a new life after stroke. Significant others often provide a meaningful part of that support. The impact on family members caring for a person after stroke has been extensively studied, however there is a lack of research into significant others’ understanding and experiences of self-management after stroke. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how significant others understand self-management and how they perceive their role in supporting self-management in post-stroke rehabilitation at home. Method Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 significant others of persons in rehabilitation after stroke. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Results The preliminary results showed that significant others commonly relate self- management to activities of daily living (ADL) and rehabilitation training. Participants saw their role as important not only to assist the stroke survivor practically, but also to provide emotional support and companionship. Conclusion There is an emerging discrepancy between descriptions in the literature and significant others’ perceptions of and actions to support self-management. If significant others obtained a clearer understanding of the concept of self- management, their support could be more efficient in strengthening self-efficacy and self-management abilities in stroke survivors. How will this research improve life after stroke for stroke survivors? By highlighting the characteristics of significant others’ self-management support and their understanding of the concept, interventions to enhance self-managementsupport for stroke survivors can be improved in the future