Four new species of <i>Cichlidogyrus</i> (Platyhelminthes, Monopisthocotyla, Dactylogyridae) from Lake Victoria haplochromine cichlid fishes, with the redescription of <i>C. bifurcatus</i> and <i>C. longipenis</i>

– African cichlids are model systems for evolutionary studies and host-parasite interactions, because of their adaptive radiations and because they harbour many species of monogenean parasites with high host-specificity. Five locations were sampled in southern Lake Victoria: gill-infecting monogeneans were surveyed from 18 cichlid species belonging to this radiation superflock and two others representing two older and distantly related lineages. We found one species of Gyrodactylidae, Gyrodactylus sturmbaueri Vanhove, Snoeks, Volckaert &amp; Huyse, 2011, and seven species of Dactylogyridae. Four are described herein: Cichlidogyrus pseudodossoui n. sp., Cichlidogyrus nyanza n. sp., Cichlidogyrus furu n. sp., and Cichlidogyrus vetusmolendarius n. sp. Another Cichlidogyrus species is reported but not formally described (low number of specimens, morphological similarity with C. furu n. sp.). Two other species are redescribed: C. bifurcatus Paperna, 1960 and C. longipenis Paperna &amp; Thurston, 1969. Our results confirm that the monogenean fauna of Victorian littoral cichlids displays lower species richness and lower host-specificity than that of Lake Tanganyika littoral cichlids. In C. furu n. sp., hooks V are clearly longer than the others, highlighting the need to re-evaluate the current classification system that considers hook pairs III–VII as rather uniform. Some morphological features of C. bifurcatus, C. longipenis, and C. nyanza n. sp. suggest that these are closely related to congeners that infect other haplochromines. Morphological traits indicate that representatives of Cichlidogyrus colonised Lake Victoria haplochromines or their ancestors at least twice, which is in line with the Lake Victoria superflock being colonised by two cichlid tribes (Haplochromini and Oreochromini).</p

Conspiratorial medievalism:History and hyperagency in the far-right Knights Templar security imaginary

Imagery associated with the Knights Templar appears in the public discourse and symbolism of many white supremacist and white nationalist groups. The 2011 Norwegian mass murderer cited the Templars in his manifesto, as did the 2019 New Zealand shooter. Templar crosses were on display at the 2017 white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, North Carolina. To understand the security imaginary behind these racialised medievalisms and their contemporary animation within right-wing extremism, this article develops the concept of “conspiratorial medievalism”. The Knights Templar imaginary blends a specific, racialised and romanticised vision of history with the grammar of conspiracy theory. This is characterised by a) a belief in the racialised decline and victimisation of a “righteous” White Christendom; b) a sense of threat posed by racialised Others and betrayal by insiders; and c) an anachronistic view of near-omnipotent individual agency. Significantly, conspiratorial medievalism demonstrates an aspiration to not merely combat ‘undue’ agency of racialised Others, but to reclaim and perform extreme agency themselves. Agency is cast in the idiom of medieval chivalry, and framed as the moral obligation of righteous White men. Though Knights Templar imagery may appear superficial, this article finds it is an important justificatory and enabling discourse for racist violence

What we learned from the Covid-19 first wave:a survey from Young Pediatric Urology Committee (YPUC) from ESPU

BACKGROUND: The Corona virus still has a big impact on medical work. All medical specialties have been called to confront this unexpected event, even pediatric surgery. The objective of this study is to highlight the effect of pandemic on daily work of young pediatric surgeons during the Covid-19 first wave.METHODS: An online survey was sent via email by the Scientific Committee of YPUC in April 2020. The impact of Covid-19 was invested, by analyzing the results of answers received. The difference between young consultants and trainees (C and T) were examined to assess the effect of pandemic in 2 different categories.RESULTS: A total of 88 participants filled out the questionnaire. Guidelines around surgeries were well arranged: clear for 98% concerning triage with no difference between T and C; clear for 84% concerning pre-operative screening and for 81% concerning surgical dressing with a significance difference between T and C in understanding (p=0.07 and p=0.06). Forty-two respondents (48%) tested all surgical patients and the 20% operated patients positive for COVID-19. Thirteen (15%) were relocated to work in other divisions on different tasks, 12 were C. 86% of T did not participate in surgeries as much as before.CONCLUSIONS: The impact of the pandemic has been very significant for pediatric urologists and the difference between C and T confirm that the training could be impacted. After the first wave we should be careful on PPE, on pre-operative screening of surgical patients and we should protect the trainee learning curve.</p

The interaction between wheelchair configuration and wheeling performance in wheelchair tennis:a narrative review

The number of wheelchair tennis players is rising internationally, yet from a scientific perspective little is known about wheelchair tennis performance. Wheelchair tennis is more complex compared to other wheelchair court sports, due to the wheelchair/racket interaction. The purpose of this narrative review was to gain insight into the influence of wheelchair configuration, i.e., the individual set-up of a wheelchair, on wheelchair tennis performance, more specifically on wheelchair mobility performance and propulsion technique. Wheelchair propulsion while holding a racket has had little attention in both the wheelchair mobility performance and wheelchair propulsion technique area. It is shown that the propulsion technique and wheelchair mobility performance are negatively affected by the racket. Based on the current literature, the influence of wheelchair configuration on wheeling performance in wheelchair tennis can mainly be described from a broader wheelchair court sport perspective, due to the lack of specific publications about wheelchair tennis. In the future more research should be conducted on wheeling performance and wheelchair configuration in wheelchair tennis, to attain a more proper scientific foundation for optimising wheelchair tennis performance.</p

Inertial measurement units to estimate drag forces and power output during standardised wheelchair tennis coast-down and sprint tests

The purpose of this study was to describe and explore an inertial measurement unit-based method to analyse drag forces and external power loss in wheelchair tennis, using standardised coast-down and 10 m sprint tests. Drag forces and power output were explored among different wheelchair-athlete combinations and playing conditions (tyre pressure, court-surface). Eight highly trained wheelchair tennis players participated in this study. Three inertial measurement units (IMUs) were placed on the frame and axes of the wheels of their wheelchair. All players completed a set of three standardised coast-down trials and two 10 m sprints with different tyre pressures on hardcourt surface. One athlete completed additional tests on a clay/grass tennis-court. Coast-down based drag forces of 4.8-7.2 N and an external power loss of 9.6-14.4 W at a theoretical speed of 2 m/s were measured on hardcourt surface. A higher tyre pressure led to lower drag forces during coast-down tests on hardcourt surface (Fr (4) = 10.7, p = 0.03). For the single athlete, there was an external power loss of 10.4, 15.6 and 49.4 W, respectively, for the hardcourt, clay and grass. The current prediction of power output was implemented during coast-down testing; unfortunately, the power prediction during 10 m sprints was difficult to accomplish.</p

Companions to new pathways. Intermediary organisations and the resilience of the Frisian dairy industry, 1950-1970

The dairy industry in Europe was faced with profound challenges in the post-war era, such as rising wage levels and increasing competition. A common response for companies was to adapt by means of scale expansion, mechanisation and automation of the production process. Between 1950 and 1970, dairy factories remained relatively small and were supported by organisations at the regional level. However, much is unknown about the contribution of regional sectoral actors to adaptation processes. By means of an in-depth analysis of the dairy processing industry in the Dutch province of Friesland, this article explores the mechanisms behind adaptation and thereby contributes to the understanding of regional economic resilience. The analysis benefits from the fields of economic geography and innovation studies, which have theorised about the role of regional actors in adaptation processes, and, in turn, illustrates how these fields can contribute to the field of business history.</p

Minimisation in Logical Form

Stone-type dualities provide a powerful mathematical framework for studying properties of logical systems. They have recently been fruitfully explored in understanding minimisation of various types of automata. In Bezhanishvili et al. (2012), a dual equivalence between a category of coalgebras and a category of algebras was used to explain minimisation. The algebraic semantics is dual to a coalgebraic semantics in which logical equivalence coincides with trace equivalence. It follows that maximal quotients of coalgebras correspond to minimal subobjects of algebras. Examples include partially observable deterministic finite automata, linear weighted automata viewed as coalgebras over finite-dimensional vector spaces, and belief automata, which are coalgebras on compact Hausdorff spaces. In Bonchi et al. (2014), Brzozowski's double-reversal minimisation algorithm for deterministic finite automata was described categorically and its correctness explained via the duality between reachability and observability. This work includes generalisations of Brzozowski's algorithm to Moore and weighted automata over commutative semirings.In this paper we propose a general categorical framework within which such minimisation algorithms can be understood. The goal is to provide a unifying perspective based on duality. Our framework consists of a stack of three interconnected adjunctions: a base dual adjunction that can be lifted to a dual adjunction between coalgebras and algebras and also to a dual adjunction between automata. The approach provides an abstract understanding of reachability and observability. We illustrate the general framework on range of concrete examples, including deterministic Kripke frames, weighted automata, topological automata (belief automata), and alternating automata

The Consolations of Travel:Reading Seneca's Ad Marciam vis-à-vis Paul of Tarsus

The chapter compares the use of travel vocabulary and imagery in Seneca, with a specific focus on the Ad Marciam, and Paul. It also discusses comparative methodology. Two extended travel narratives take a surprising space in Seneca’s Ad Marciam (nearly a fifth of the text), while there is a surprising scarcity of travel vocabulary in Paul. The chapter argues that we cannot explain this difference by interpreting Paul as mostly interested in the journeys of “the inner human being” and Seneca as mostly interested in the “superficially visible.” It explains the key role of the two travel narratives in the context of Seneca’s consolatory project, aimed at the spiritual transformation of his addressee. The chapter argues for a properly contextualized, bi-directional comparative strategy, which investigates not only the underpinning worldviews that might lead to contrasting motifs and concepts, but also how different concepts and theories fulfil comparable functions in the context of different worldviews. In this vein the chapter points to fundamental differences between Seneca and Paul regarding the nature and scope of cosmic permanence and human immortality, but also to differences between Seneca’s and Paul’s axiologies, as factors determining the relative neglect of travel motifs in Paul compared to Seneca. The structure of Paul’s overall theology and mission allow us to understand why he tends to avoid travel metaphors, since they aggregate positive and negative aspects of travel. Paul “offloads” the negative aspects of travelling on to the word field of “work,” and is thus able to address his communities with a more positive, flattering message than could be achieved with the word field of “travel.