Morphological Alterations of the Rat Testicles Following Administration of Graded Doses of Leaves of Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) Aqueous Extract

The current study design to assess the dose-response effect of administering an aqueous extract of guava leaves on the microstructure of the testicles due to the growing use of this plant in complementary and alternative medicine practice. Twenty-four male albino Wistar rats with an average body weight of 160 g apportion to four groups (n=6 each). Group, I served as the control and received distilled water; group II gave a lower dose of 500 mg/kg body weight of guava leaf extract; group III received a medium dose of 750 mg/kg; while group IV administer a higher amount of 1000 mg/kg per day. Treatments were given once daily by gavage and lasted for 14 days, while the stock solution prepares by dissolving 50 g of the extract in 30 ml of water. The cervical dislocation method used to euthanize the rats, dissect the abdominopelvic region to obtain tissue specimens from the testes for histological processing. The outcome exhibited the extract to cause moderate to severe (dose-dependent) morphological alterations with the seminiferous tubules' fibrotic appearance, strict spermatogenic arrest, and necrosis of both the interstitial cells of Leydig and the Sertoli cells. The ingestion of guava leaves at the investigated concentration and doses is harmful to the testicle, the primary reproductive organ in males. It should therefore be consumed with caution when being used primarily in folklore-traditional medicine

Utilization of Health Facilities by Pregnant Women at Pekauman Community Health Center, Banjarmasin, Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the use of government health facilities with predisposing factors (preference and self-efficacy) and reinforcing factors (support) in pregnant women. This survey research with a cross-sectional study design was conducted in the Pekauman Community Health Center's working area in Banjarmasin, Indonesia, with 125 respondents who had babies aged ? six months who lived in the Pekauman Community Health Center's working area who visited the integrated service post in August 2017. The analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test. The results of the study 89 respondents (71.2%) made use of antenatal care facilities; 92 respondents (73.6%) chose health facilities; 88 respondents (70, 4%) have high self-efficacy; 78 respondents (62.4%) received support (family, friends, social groups). This research concludes that there is a relationship between the preferences of pregnant women (p= 0.025) with the use of antenatal services in government health facilities; There was no relationship between self-efficacy (p= 0.096); there is no relationship between family support, friends, social groups (p= 0.227) with the use of antenatal care for pregnant women in government health facilities. It is suggested to conduct further research on the relationship between antenatal services for pregnant women in government health facilities with the completeness of health facilities and the level of respondent satisfaction

Citrus hystrix D.C Juice Inhibits The Growth of Staphylococcus aureus

Citrus hystrix D.C. is a citrus-type citrus tribal plant, one of the most favored and developed fruits by the people of South Kalimantan Indonesia. Citrus hystrix D.C. contains useful chemical compounds, one of which is flavonoids, which function as antibacterial and play a critical role in inhibiting bacterial growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Citrus hystrix D.C. juice at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentration on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This research is experimental with Posttest Only Control Group Design. The material used was local Citrus hystrix D.C., fresh and clean green, obtained from the Astambul area, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Indonesia. The results showed that there was a zone of inhibition of Citrus hystrix D.C. juice on Staphylococcus aureus growth which began at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations of 13.75mm, 17.25mm, 19.75mm, and 21.75mm, so it can conclude that the juice of Citrus hystrix D.C. influences the growth of Staphylococcus aureus which has the largest inhibitory zone at a concentration of 100%

Ophthalmological Findings in Paediatric Non-Traumatic Coma in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria

The ophthalmological examination is a vital aspect of the central nervous system examination in comatose children. Several authors have documented different findings with disparities in their recommendations about making ophthalmological examination a routine in the management of the unconscious child. This study sought to evaluate the relevance of routine ophthalmological examination in the management of unconscious children admitted into the paediatric emergency room of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria. This was a prospective longitudinal study conducted from April 2018 to March 2019. Unconscious patients whose caregivers gave consent were recruited into the study. Traumatic causes of coma were excluded. Demographic features of the patients were obtained. The ophthalmologic examination and diagnoses were made by an ophthalmologist, while the emergency room pediatrician made clinical assessment and diagnoses. Sixteen unconscious children had ophthalmologic examinations done. The Glasgow coma scale scores ranged from 3 to 11, with a mean of 6.6±2.2. Thirteen (81.3%) of the children were classified as severe unconsciousness while the rest were moderate. The degree of unconsciousness was significantly associated with the outcome (?2 =16.0, P = 0.03). A total of six (37.5%) ophthalmologic diagnoses were made, which included cerebral malaria, degenerative myopia, orbital cellulitis, and exposure keratopathy. The presence of an abnormal ophthalmologic finding was not significantly associated with outcome (?2 =0.36, P = 0.55). Routine ophthalmologic examination may not be justified as a management protocol in unconscious children but may be considered in selected cases

Ethanol Extract Of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban Leaves Effectively Inhibit Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Invitro Test

Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are some of the causes of infectious diseases. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban has many benefits for humans, including overcoming fever, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to determine the inhibition of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves ethanol extract on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This research is the initial stage of the development of herbal medicines to treat Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The independent variable was the concentration of ethanol extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves and the dependent variable was the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The anti-bacterial activity test was carried out by the liquid dilution method. The concentrations used are 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%. 100% The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Streptococcus pyogenes: 40% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 40%. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) results for Streptococcus pyogenes: 60% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 60%. So it can be concluded that there is inhibition of the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban extract has potential as herbal medicine against bacterial infections but requires further research to determine its effect in vivo

Sleep Quality of Diabetic Patients with Metabolic Syndrome, is There a Difference?

Poor sleep quality is a prevalent health problem among patients with diabetes. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is common in type 2 diabetic patients and associated with morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate sleep quality among type 2 diabetes patients according to their metabolic syndrome status. This was an analysis of data collected from 189 adult type 2 diabetic patients. The patients divided into two groups (metabolic and non-metabolic) based on the presence of MetS. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and serum glucose, lipid levels were collected. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) calculated for all patients. There was no significant difference in subjective sleep quality scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in sleep latency scores between the two groups; the scores of patients with MetS were lower than those of patients without MetS (p = 0.010, p < 0.05).Sleep quality was low in 57.1% (n = 108) of patients with diabetes. Poor sleep is common among diabetic patients, but in this study, metabolic syndrome existence not associated with sleep quality in type 2 diabetic patients

Investigation of Biliary Canal Variations as a Cause of Stone Formation in the Choledochal Canal

The present study aimed to investigate if there is an association between the diameter of the choledochal duct and choledochal duct stone formation. The present study consisted of 79 patients who had endoscopic interventions and MRCP procedure with surgery history. Some followed due to disorders of the liver, gall bladder, and biliary tract and some of whom presented hepatobiliary complaints between 2017 and 2019. The choledochal duct diameter measured from MRCP images and choledochal duct stone had examined; the type classified according to Huang classification. Among the cases classified, 29 patients, was Huang Type A1, 27 patients were Huang Type A2, 16 patients were Huang Type A3, and seven patients were Huang Type A4. There was not any statistically significant association in terms of choledochal diameter regarding the types. Choledochal duct diameter was statistically higher in female patients than male patients (p<0.05). According to the age group, a statistically significant difference detected for choledochal duct stone formation; individuals over 45 years of age present an increase for choledochal duct stone (p<0.05). The choledochal duct diameter was found higher in female patients compared with male patients; stone formation has found increased in both gender over 45 years of age. It should consider before surgical procedures and radiological tests

Awareness of Pregnant Women for COVID-19 Infection

Covid outbreak has been getting worse and spread affected all over the world. Pregnant patients are also vulnerable to respiratory diseases. We aimed to evaluate the awareness, emotional status, and behavior of pregnant during the COVID outbreak. This study's main benefit is to analyze the knowledge and understanding of pregnant women about the pandemic and draw attention to the prevention issues that need improvement. This research is a prospective observational study that 199 patients subjected to a questionnaire including 29 questions about patient characteristics, pregnancy information, knowledge about COVID19-infection, behavioral and emotional changes. 130 (65.3) of the patients stated an above-average knowledge level. Television was the most frequent information source (75.4%, n:150) and was the only information source for 90 (45.1%) of the patients. Sixty-nine patients used more than one information source. More than one prevention method uses by 149 (75%) of the patients. Washing hands (n:183, 92.0%) and cleaning the house (n:122, 61.3%) were the most preferred methods. Only 55 (27.6%) of the patients used a mask for prevention. 88(44.2%) of the patients stated that they preferred a shorter hospital stay, and 75 (37.7%) of the patients indicated that they postponed or avoided the pregnancy follow-up visits due to the COVID-19 issue. Pregnant women seem to be aware and stressed of COVID-19, but knowledge of what to do seems insufficient. Patients informed of risks of COVID infection, unplanned hospital admission, and chances of avoiding necessary visits and home birth demands

Z Plasty Single Center Results in The Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus Disease in Children: Z Plasty Results in the Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus Disease

Pilonidal sinus is a common chronic disease of the sacrococcygeal region. Treatment varies according to the clinical presentation of the disease. Although many surgical methods have proposed, the ideal approach is still lacking due to high recurrence rates. This study aimed to evaluate the role of Z-plasty in achieving primary recovery in pilonidal disease and morbidity and recurrence. Twenty-four patients (15 males and nine females) who underwent sinus excision and Z-plasty closure for the sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus included in this study. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 12 months. There were 15 males and nine females with a median age of 16 years. The mean hospital stay was two days. There was no recurrence, and all patients were satisfied with the cosmetics. Two patients (5%) had numbness on the flap. No flap necrosis observed in any patient. Only three patients had a wound infection (7.5%). Wound seroma developed in five patients (12.5%). Although some technical expertise is required, excision of sinus and Z-plasty provides superior results in terms of recurrence and hospitalization of pilonidal sinus patients during hospitalization

COL4A1 and COL4A2 Mutations Analyses with Perinatal Arterial ?schemic Stroke

Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) is one of the frequent causes of mortality and morbidity, but its etiology remains unclear. COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations are monogenetic causes of weakness of the basement vascular membranes resulting in cerebral small-vessel disease, cerebral hemorrhage, and porencephaly. We hypothesized that variations in the COL4A1 and COL4A2 genes cause PAIS and performed mutation screening of these genes in 17 PAIS patients by whole-exome sequencing. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory data of the 17 PAIS patients were obtained by evaluating hospital files retrospectively. Patients included in the study were invited to the clinic for COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutation analysis. Results: The patient group consisted of 13 females (76.5%) and four males (23.5%) with a mean age of 107.4 ± 11.5 months. Maternal/fetal and prothrombotic risk factors identified in 52.9% and 94.1% of the patients, respectively. Whole-exome sequencing analysis did not reveal COL4A1 and COL4A2 pathological mutations in any of the patients.  Although we did not find an association between PAIS and COL4A1 and COL4A2 variations, we believe that new studies with larger patient populations may reveal such a relationship