Effects of buoyancy aids on heart rate and swimming performance in beginning swimmer

Swimming is an exercise in which one’s body moves above or under water. Additionally, it is affected by buoyancy and gravity because the swimmer moves horizontally. If the distance between the center of buoyancy and gravity increases, underwater torque generates, sinking the legs; thus, swimming performance is reduced. Therefore, beginner swimmers allow their legs sink. In this study, technical training was provided for beginner swimmers wearing buoyancy aids that bring the center of buoyancy closer to the center of gravity to determine the effects of wearing buoyancy aids on the heart rate, swimming performance, and perceived exercise intensity in measuring swimming performance. Buoyancy aids, such as a pool helper (N) and swim balancer (N), which are often used in the early stages of swimming instruction, were used. The paired t-test showed no statistically significant differences between the two aids. Although some articipants were unable to swim 25 m, they did not stop swimming, suggesting that the buoyancy aids may have contributed in improving the swimming ability. The study results suggest that buoyancy aids may help improve the swimming ability of beginner swimmers, although there was no difference in physiological and wimming performances between the two buoyancy aids

1920年代の学校における身体教育の改革構想，学校体育強化のための改革努力および体育教師養成の問題について : 『改革教育運動当時の学校における身体教育』より

Der Zweck der Forschung ist es, eine Hilfe zum Nachdenken über die Gymnastikbewegung in der reformpädagogischen Bewegung zu ergründen. Dafür versuche ich eine Übersetzung des zweiten Teils des Kapitels“Didaktische Reformkonzeptionen der körperlichen Erziehung in den Schulen der zwanziger Jahre”, des dritten Teils des Kapitels“Reformbestrebungen zur Intensivierung der schulischen Leibesübungen” und des vierten Teils des Kapitels“Reformprobleme der Turnlehrerausbildung” aus der Einleitung zu Alfred Geißlers“Die Körpererziehung in der Schule zur Zeit der reformpädagogischen Bewegung”

Importance of Environmental Sciences and the Construction of Exercise Hygiene or Environmental Health Science of Sport Medicine

Our Environment changes on heath increased at risk. Effects of climate change on health will affect most populations in the next decades and put the lives and well-being of billions of people at increased risk by The Lancet Commissions, 2009. While we must resolve the key issues, we should acknowledge the relationship between sport environment and health, ageing. On sport activity like climbing of the elderly we have increased at risk because Japan is nearly soon coming into the aged society in the population. For the sake of management of the increased health risk, Exercise Hygiene or Environmental Health Science of Sport Medicine build newly is needed. There are discussed on their science on the focus of Hypothermia in the case of distress on climbing of the elderly due to exposure of cold

Transformation of Learning Posture by“ Cooperative Learning” : Practical Research that Aims at Promoting Students who Learn Independent

Recently teachers are required to be“ learning professional” at the same time as“ teaching professional”. But in the university class that bears teacher training, unidirectional class is given, therefore students independent learning is hardly seen. In this study, the factors to incorporate transformation of posture of learning was examined. To train “ learning professional”, in the class, Cooperative Learning was undertaken and the class was developed. It was decided that Group Investigation was to be used in the Cooperative Learning technique with a selected number. Group Investigation is a method of deepening learning through the process of planning, discussing, and reporting in the group. The compulsory subject was Educational Methodology for teaching. It was clarifi ed that 1） Learning environment in which one is interested in, 2） Transformation of learning objective, and 3） The learner’s interstimulation action were especially important as the factors to transform the posture of learning by developing the class in which this technique was undertaken. Cooperative Learning is thought to be a very effective method to promote learning in the university class. However, enormous diffi culties were discovered at the same time, and a suitable method of solving these will have to be devised