First-in-human administration of terbium-161-labelled somatostatin receptor subtype 2 antagonist ([¹⁶¹Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3) in a patient with a metastatic neuroendocrine tumour of the ileum

ISSN:1619-7070ISSN:1619-708

Magma Differentiation in Dynamic Mush Domains From the Perspective of Multivariate Statistics: Open- Versus Closed-System Evolution

Open-conduit conditions characterize several of the most hazardous and active volcanic systems of basaltic composition worldwide, persistently refilled by magmatic inputs. Eruptive products with similar bulk compositions, chemically buffered by continual mafic inputs, nevertheless exhibit heterogeneous glass compositions in response to variable magma mixing, crystallization, and differentiation processes within different parts of the plumbing system. Here, we document how multivariate statistics and magma differentiation modeling based on a large data set of glass compositions can be combined to constrain magma differentiation and plumbing system dynamics. Major and trace elements of matrix glasses erupted at Stromboli volcano (Italy) over the last 20 years provide a benchmark against which to test our integrated petrological approach. Principal component analysis, K-means cluster analysis, and kernel density estimation reveal that trace elements define a multivariate space whose eigenvectors are more readily interpretable in terms of petrological processes than major elements, leading to improved clustering solutions. Comparison between open- and closed-system differentiation models outlines that steady state magma compositions at constantly replenished and erupting magmatic systems approximate simple fractional crystallization trends, due to short magma residence times. Open-system magma evolution is associated with magma storage crystallinities that are lower than those associated with closed-system scenarios. Accordingly, open-system dynamics determine the efficient crystal-melt separation toward the top of the reservoir, where eruptible melts continuously supply the ordinary activity. Conversely, a mush-like environment constitutes the bottom of the reservoir, where poorly evolved magmas result from mixing events between mush residual melts and primitive magmas injected from deeper crustal levels.ISSN:1525-202

Building Long-Term Human–Robot Relationships: Examining Disclosure, Perception and Well-Being Across Time

While interactions with social robots are novel and exciting for many people, one concern is the extent to which people’s behavioural and emotional engagement might be sustained across time, since during initial interactions with a robot, its novelty is especially salient. This challenge is particularly noteworthy when considering interactions designed to support people’s well-being, with limited evidence (or empirical exploration) of social robots’ capacity to support people’s emotional health over time. Accordingly, our aim here was to examine how long-term repeated interactions with a social robot affect people’s self-disclosure behaviour toward the robot, their perceptions of the robot, and how such sustained interactions influence factors related to well-being. We conducted a mediated long-term online experiment with participants conversing with the social robot Pepper 10 times over 5 weeks. We found that people self-disclose increasingly more to a social robot over time, and report the robot to be more social and competent over time. Participants’ moods also improved after talking to the robot, and across sessions, they found the robot’s responses increasingly comforting as well as reported feeling less lonely. Finally, our results emphasize that when the discussion frame was supposedly more emotional (in this case, framing questions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic), participants reported feeling lonelier and more stressed. These results set the stage for situating social robots as conversational partners and provide crucial evidence for their potential inclusion in interventions supporting people’s emotional health through encouraging self-disclosure.ISSN:1875-4791ISSN:1875-480

Editorial: T cell specificity and cross-reactivity - implications in physiology and pathology

ISSN:1664-322

Probing light dark matter with positron beams at NA64

We present the results of a missing-energy search for light dark matter which has a new interaction with ordinary matter transmitted by a vector boson, called dark photon A′. For the first time, this search is performed with a positron beam by using the significantly enhanced production of A′ in the resonant annihilation of positrons with atomic electrons of the target nuclei, followed by the invisible decay of A′ into dark matter. No events were found in the signal region with (10.1 ± 0.1) × 10⁹ positrons on target with 100 GeV energy. This allowed us to set new exclusion limits that, relative to the collected statistics, prove the power of this experimental technique. This measurement is a crucial first step toward a future exploration program with positron beams, whose estimated sensitivity is here presented.ISSN:1550-7998ISSN:0556-2821ISSN:1550-236

Assessment of Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Models for Ocean Carbon Sink Estimates in RECCAP2 and Recommendations for Future Studies

The ocean is a major carbon sink and takes up 25%–30% of the anthropogenically emitted CO₂. A state-of-the-art method to quantify this sink are global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs), but their simulated CO₂ uptake differs between models and is systematically lower than estimates based on statistical methods using surface ocean pCO₂ and interior ocean measurements. Here, we provide an in-depth evaluation of ocean carbon sink estimates from 1980 to 2018 from a GOBM ensemble. As sources of inter-model differences and ensemble-mean biases our study identifies (a) the model setup, such as the length of the spin-up, the starting date of the simulation, and carbon fluxes from rivers and into sediments, (b) the simulated ocean circulation, such as Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and Southern Ocean mode and intermediate water formation, and (c) the simulated oceanic buffer capacity. Our analysis suggests that a late starting date and biases in the ocean circulation cause a too low anthropogenic CO₂ uptake across the GOBM ensemble. Surface ocean biogeochemistry biases might also cause simulated anthropogenic fluxes to be too low, but the current setup prevents a robust assessment. For simulations of the ocean carbon sink, we recommend in the short-term to (a) start simulations at a common date before the industrialization and the associated atmospheric CO₂ increase, (b) conduct a sufficiently long spin-up such that the GOBMs reach steady-state, and (c) provide key metrics for circulation, biogeochemistry, and the land-ocean interface. In the long-term, we recommend improving the representation of these metrics in the GOBMs.ISSN:1942-246

Multiscale Supercrystal Meta-atoms

ISSN:1530-6984ISSN:1530-699