Dialogical reflection on the nature of climate science : the teacher as facilitator

How can learners develop a more critical attitude towards climate-related misinformation? Helping learners to reflect about science in general and upon the construction of scientific knowledge about climate in particular is promising. After all, a focus on the epistemological aspects of climate science can stimulate learnersu8217 critical thinking and (informed) decision-making skills. One of the ways to strengthen learner reflection about science is by turning (student-)teachers into dialogue facilitators in reflective dialogues. The aim of this study is to examine the opportunities and challenges encountered by (student-)teachers and their experiences when engaging in the role of facilitator during these reflective dialogues about (climate) science with learners (14-18y). Through an Educational Design Research (2022-2024), we develop, implement, and evaluate a dialogical teaching method in several research cycles, together with a Professional Learning Community (PLC). This process resulted in the development of a guide with class activities for implementing the dialogical teaching method. Interviews with Flemish (student-)teachers demonstrate that this approach is both relevant and challenging: (student-)teachers feel supported by the didactic learning activities and the associated guidelines to facilitate open dialogues about climate misinformation. On the other hand, teachers feel uncertain about how to support reflective dialogues and find it hard to balance their role of facilitator with their role of expert.How can learners develop a more critical attitude towards climate-related misinformation? Helping learners to reflect about science in general and upon the construction of scientific knowledge about climate in particular is promising. After all, a focus on the epistemological aspects of climate science can stimulate learnersu8217 critical thinking and (informed) decision-making skills. One of the ways to strengthen learner reflection about science is by turning (student-)teachers into dialogue facilitators in reflective dialogues. The aim of this study is to examine the opportunities and challenges encountered by (student-)teachers and their experiences when engaging in the role of facilitator during these reflective dialogues about (climate) science with learners (14-18y). Through an Educational Design Research (2022-2024), we develop, implement, and evaluate a dialogical teaching method in several research cycles, together with a Professional Learning Community (PLC). This process resulted in the development of a guide with class activities for implementing the dialogical teaching method. Interviews with Flemish (student-)teachers demonstrate that this approach is both relevant and challenging: (student-)teachers feel supported by the didactic learning activities and the associated guidelines to facilitate open dialogues about climate misinformation. On the other hand, teachers feel uncertain about how to support reflective dialogues and find it hard to balance their role of facilitator with their role of expert.

Solvent‐free synthesis of Pd‐modified zeolitic imidazolate framework nanocomposites for competitive arylation and carbon–carbon coupling reactions

Over an extended period, identifying effective approaches for achieving versatile arylations has presented a notable synthetic challenge. In our research, we have successfully fabricated nanocomposites of zeolitic imidazole frameworks, specifically Pd-ZIF-8 and Pd-ZIF-67, using an in situ thermal (IST) approach. These compounds have exhibited high catalytic activity as heterogeneous catalysts in carbon–carbon coupling processes mediated by palladium, such as the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction (which involves aryl halides and aryl boronic acids) and the Mizoroki–Heck reaction (which involves aryl halides and olefins). In comparison to previously published research, the IST technique has a number of benefits; these features include the removal of solvents and additives, a low reaction temperature, a single-step process, no need for activation, and the use of the smallest possible precursor ratio (M/L). This accomplishment was realized through the precise control of ligands and additives.Over an extended period, identifying effective approaches for achieving versatile arylations has presented a notable synthetic challenge. In our research, we have successfully fabricated nanocomposites of zeolitic imidazole frameworks, specifically Pd-ZIF-8 and Pd-ZIF-67, using an in situ thermal (IST) approach. These compounds have exhibited high catalytic activity as heterogeneous catalysts in carbon–carbon coupling processes mediated by palladium, such as the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction (which involves aryl halides and aryl boronic acids) and the Mizoroki–Heck reaction (which involves aryl halides and olefins). In comparison to previously published research, the IST technique has a number of benefits; these features include the removal of solvents and additives, a low reaction temperature, a single-step process, no need for activation, and the use of the smallest possible precursor ratio (M/L). This accomplishment was realized through the precise control of ligands and additives.A

Het toepassingsgebied van de beginselen van behoorlijk bestuur

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Buddhist monasticism

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The time beneath the concrete : Palestine between camp and colony /

"The Time beneath the Concrete tells the story of the settler colonial conquest of Palestine by telling the story of its camps. This is both a way to acknowledge that all Palestinians-whether they live in formal refugee camps, marginalized in Israel, besieged in the Gaza Strip, or in exile-are in some way encamped, and an insistence that the story of Palestine remains a story of colonial dispossession. Further, with the camp comes camp time, the permanent temporariness of dislocation and vulnerability. The issue of Palestine is a struggle over not only land but also historical time. Nasser Abourahme demonstrates that settler colonialism is as much about new beginnings as new land, and resistance is about finding new temporal rhythms as well as recovering the temporal order displaced by settlements-the time beneath the concrete. Abourahme tells the story of the Palestinian question by telling the story of the Palestinian refugee camp as a political object. We come to see the Palestinian insistence on return as a refusal to abide by the closure of the past into settler futurity. Palestinian struggle does not just happen in the open time of dispossession, it happens over this time. A form of anticolonial refusal that draws its power not from any decisive finality, but precisely from irresolution and keeping time open. This inherent entanglement of settler colonialism, camp, time and history has implications beyond Palestine"--Includes bibliographical references and index.The camp, inevitable : technomorality and racialization in the prehistory of the camp regime -- The camp, formalized : authority and the built in the management of the interim -- The camp, overcome : revolution and movement in the impossible present -- The camp, undone : negation and return in the vanishing horizon of settler permanence."The Time beneath the Concrete tells the story of the settler colonial conquest of Palestine by telling the story of its camps. This is both a way to acknowledge that all Palestinians-whether they live in formal refugee camps, marginalized in Israel, besieged in the Gaza Strip, or in exile-are in some way encamped, and an insistence that the story of Palestine remains a story of colonial dispossession. Further, with the camp comes camp time, the permanent temporariness of dislocation and vulnerability. The issue of Palestine is a struggle over not only land but also historical time. Nasser Abourahme demonstrates that settler colonialism is as much about new beginnings as new land, and resistance is about finding new temporal rhythms as well as recovering the temporal order displaced by settlements-the time beneath the concrete. Abourahme tells the story of the Palestinian question by telling the story of the Palestinian refugee camp as a political object. We come to see the Palestinian insistence on return as a refusal to abide by the closure of the past into settler futurity. Palestinian struggle does not just happen in the open time of dispossession, it happens over this time. A form of anticolonial refusal that draws its power not from any decisive finality, but precisely from irresolution and keeping time open. This inherent entanglement of settler colonialism, camp, time and history has implications beyond Palestine"-

Commentaar bij artikel 7:159 WVV

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Atypical spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomatous tumors harbor TP53 deletions in contrast with conventional spindle cell lipomas

BackgroundAtypical spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomatous tumor (ASPLT) is a benign adipocytic neoplasm. A definitive diagnosis is often challenging due to the overlap of clinicopathological features with spindle cell lipoma and, to a lesser extent, with atypical lipomatous tumor. Our aim was to investigate the value of DNA methylation profiling and copy number analysis in distinguishing ASPLT from its mimickers.DesignWe collected a pilot cohort of ASPLTs (n = 7) and spindle cell lipomas (n = 8) with available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded or fresh frozen tumor tissue. Genome-wide DNA methylation and copy number variation data were generated using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC v2.0 BeadChips. DNA methylation patterns of ASPLTs were compared with other adipocytic tumors, including ordinary lipomas (n = 14), spindle cell lipomas (n = 23), atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas (n = 21), dedifferentiated liposarcomas (n = 25), pleiomorphic liposarcomas (n = 19), and myxoid liposarcomas (n = 24).ResultsUnsupervised clustering and dimensionality reduction (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) revealed that ASPLTs did not form a distinct DNA methylation class but partially clustered with spindle cell lipomas and well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Copy number profiling showed deletions of 13q14, encompassing RB1, in four ASPLTs (57%) and deletions of TP53 in five cases (71%), compared with no loss of TP53 in spindle cell lipomas and MDM2 amplification in well-differentiated liposarcomas. Additional methylation and copy number alteration data of extra samples will follow soon.ConclusionsOur preliminary results indicate that copy number profiling of regions encompassing TP53, MDM2, and RB1, rather than methylation profiling, may be used as an additional diagnostic tool to distinguish ASPLT from spindle cell lipoma.BackgroundAtypical spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomatous tumor (ASPLT) is a benign adipocytic neoplasm. A definitive diagnosis is often challenging due to the overlap of clinicopathological features with spindle cell lipoma and, to a lesser extent, with atypical lipomatous tumor. Our aim was to investigate the value of DNA methylation profiling and copy number analysis in distinguishing ASPLT from its mimickers.DesignWe collected a pilot cohort of ASPLTs (n = 7) and spindle cell lipomas (n = 8) with available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded or fresh frozen tumor tissue. Genome-wide DNA methylation and copy number variation data were generated using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC v2.0 BeadChips. DNA methylation patterns of ASPLTs were compared with other adipocytic tumors, including ordinary lipomas (n = 14), spindle cell lipomas (n = 23), atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas (n = 21), dedifferentiated liposarcomas (n = 25), pleiomorphic liposarcomas (n = 19), and myxoid liposarcomas (n = 24).ResultsUnsupervised clustering and dimensionality reduction (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) revealed that ASPLTs did not form a distinct DNA methylation class but partially clustered with spindle cell lipomas and well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Copy number profiling showed deletions of 13q14, encompassing RB1, in four ASPLTs (57%) and deletions of TP53 in five cases (71%), compared with no loss of TP53 in spindle cell lipomas and MDM2 amplification in well-differentiated liposarcomas. Additional methylation and copy number alteration data of extra samples will follow soon.ConclusionsOur preliminary results indicate that copy number profiling of regions encompassing TP53, MDM2, and RB1, rather than methylation profiling, may be used as an additional diagnostic tool to distinguish ASPLT from spindle cell lipoma.C

Evaluating case definitions of respiratory disease in dairy calves : a scoping review

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common diseases observed in dairy calves in both the pre- and post-weaning periods. Despite its common occurrence, there has been no formal synthesis (e.g., scoping review) of the scientific literature surrounding diagnosing BRD in dairy calves. As such, the objective of this scoping review was to describe what case definitions for diagnosing BRD in dairy calves have been used in research. An initial search of peer-reviewed journals and the gray literature yielded 12,001 unique articles, of which 307 records containing 358 case definitions were included. Seven categories of diagnostic methods were used to categorize case definitions: (1) clinical scoring systems alone were the most used diagnostic method (n = 148, 41%) followed by (4) physical exam parameters alone (i.e., the study did not provide a detailed description of how the calf was assessed for each component of the physical exam [i.e., no description or scoring options reported]), n = 91, 25%), (5) physical exam parameters in combination with other diagnostic methods (n = 40, 11%), (6) thoracic ultrasound alone (n = 31, 9%), (2) clinical scoring system in combination with other diagnostic methods (n = 23, 7%), (3) clinical scoring system in combination with thoracic ultrasound (n = 10, 3%), and (7) other diagnostic methods (n = 15, 4%). Only 2-thirds of publications provided a citation for their case definition (n = 230, 64%), of which the Wisconsin clinical scoring system was most referenced (n = 100, 43%), followed by the California clinical scoring system (n = 19, 8%). An attempt was made to compare entire case definitions within each diagnostic method; however, they displayed substantial diversity which limited the ability to compare them at this level. Instead, counts of individual factors within each case definition (e.g., individual clinical signs) were reported for each diagnostic method. From all case definitions across the 7 diagnostic method categories (n = 358), common factors assessed included cough (n = 224, 63%), nasal discharge (n = 213, 60%), and body temperature (n = 142, 54%).Across all case definitions, additional parameters such as validity were frequently not reported – only 4 (1.1%) were referred to as validated, 9 (2.5%) were being validated in the study, and 28 (7.8%) modified existing case definitions. Additionally, assessment of severity of disease when present (e.g., mild, moderate or severe) was frequently not reported (n = 336, 93.9%). Further, 106 (29.0%) reported assessments of accuracy, 66 (18.4%) of which were reports of qualitative oversight (e.g., training of assessors) and 40 (11.1%) of which were related to a quantitative assessment of accuracy (e.g., sensitivity and specificity). Parameters surrounding conducting the assessment were also extracted, for example how often (most common: at least daily, n = 120, 33.5%) and who conducted it (most common: information not reported, n = 144, 40.2%). The findings of this scoping review highlighted the need for a validated, standardized set of criteria for BRD diagnosis in dairy calves, achievable through following the methodology of developing a core outcome set.Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common diseases observed in dairy calves in both the pre- and post-weaning periods. Despite its common occurrence, there has been no formal synthesis (e.g., scoping review) of the scientific literature surrounding diagnosing BRD in dairy calves. As such, the objective of this scoping review was to describe what case definitions for diagnosing BRD in dairy calves have been used in research. An initial search of peer-reviewed journals and the gray literature yielded 12,001 unique articles, of which 307 records containing 358 case definitions were included. Seven categories of diagnostic methods were used to categorize case definitions: (1) clinical scoring systems alone were the most used diagnostic method (n = 148, 41%) followed by (4) physical exam parameters alone (i.e., the study did not provide a detailed description of how the calf was assessed for each component of the physical exam [i.e., no description or scoring options reported]), n = 91, 25%), (5) physical exam parameters in combination with other diagnostic methods (n = 40, 11%), (6) thoracic ultrasound alone (n = 31, 9%), (2) clinical scoring system in combination with other diagnostic methods (n = 23, 7%), (3) clinical scoring system in combination with thoracic ultrasound (n = 10, 3%), and (7) other diagnostic methods (n = 15, 4%). Only 2-thirds of publications provided a citation for their case definition (n = 230, 64%), of which the Wisconsin clinical scoring system was most referenced (n = 100, 43%), followed by the California clinical scoring system (n = 19, 8%). An attempt was made to compare entire case definitions within each diagnostic method; however, they displayed substantial diversity which limited the ability to compare them at this level. Instead, counts of individual factors within each case definition (e.g., individual clinical signs) were reported for each diagnostic method. From all case definitions across the 7 diagnostic method categories (n = 358), common factors assessed included cough (n = 224, 63%), nasal discharge (n = 213, 60%), and body temperature (n = 142, 54%).Across all case definitions, additional parameters such as validity were frequently not reported – only 4 (1.1%) were referred to as validated, 9 (2.5%) were being validated in the study, and 28 (7.8%) modified existing case definitions. Additionally, assessment of severity of disease when present (e.g., mild, moderate or severe) was frequently not reported (n = 336, 93.9%). Further, 106 (29.0%) reported assessments of accuracy, 66 (18.4%) of which were reports of qualitative oversight (e.g., training of assessors) and 40 (11.1%) of which were related to a quantitative assessment of accuracy (e.g., sensitivity and specificity). Parameters surrounding conducting the assessment were also extracted, for example how often (most common: at least daily, n = 120, 33.5%) and who conducted it (most common: information not reported, n = 144, 40.2%). The findings of this scoping review highlighted the need for a validated, standardized set of criteria for BRD diagnosis in dairy calves, achievable through following the methodology of developing a core outcome set.A

Spinal hyperexcitability in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain or headache as evidenced by alterations in the nociceptive withdrawal reflex : a systematic review and meta-analysis

The nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) is a spinal withdrawal reflex induced by painful stimulation. It is a measure of spinal hyperexcitability, which is believed to contribute to chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSKP) and headache. Previous syntheses of the evidence for alterations in the NWR in patients with chronic MSKP and headache needed a comprehensive update. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed after the Preferred Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies examining NWR-related outcome measures in patients with chronic MSKP and headache compared to pain-free controls were identified through electronic database searches and included after screening against predefined eligibility criteria. Standardized mean differences or mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Thirty-one studies were included in the systematic review and 25 in the meta-analysis. Moderate-quality evidence was found indicating lower NWR threshold (−3.68; 95% CI, −4.56 to −2.80; P < 0.001), larger NWR area (standardized mean difference = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.37-1.01; P < 0.001), and shorter NWR latency (mean difference = −13.68; 95% CI, −22.69, −4.67; P = 0.003) in patients compared to controls. These findings remained robust when performing meta-regressions based on subgroups (ie, headache, fibromyalgia, whiplash-associated disorder, and osteoarthritis). Low-quality evidence demonstrated facilitated temporal summation of NWR threshold (−2.48; 95% CI, −3.13 to −1.83; P < 0.001) in patients compared to controls. Spinal hyperexcitability as evidenced by lowered NWR threshold values and temporal summation of the NWR is present in patients with chronic MSKP and headache. No evidence was found for alterations in NWR duration and NWR magnitude. Future research is needed to address the gap in research on NWR-related outcome measures other than NWR threshold.The nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) is a spinal withdrawal reflex induced by painful stimulation. It is a measure of spinal hyperexcitability, which is believed to contribute to chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSKP) and headache. Previous syntheses of the evidence for alterations in the NWR in patients with chronic MSKP and headache needed a comprehensive update. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed after the Preferred Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies examining NWR-related outcome measures in patients with chronic MSKP and headache compared to pain-free controls were identified through electronic database searches and included after screening against predefined eligibility criteria. Standardized mean differences or mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Thirty-one studies were included in the systematic review and 25 in the meta-analysis. Moderate-quality evidence was found indicating lower NWR threshold (−3.68; 95% CI, −4.56 to −2.80; P < 0.001), larger NWR area (standardized mean difference = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.37-1.01; P < 0.001), and shorter NWR latency (mean difference = −13.68; 95% CI, −22.69, −4.67; P = 0.003) in patients compared to controls. These findings remained robust when performing meta-regressions based on subgroups (ie, headache, fibromyalgia, whiplash-associated disorder, and osteoarthritis). Low-quality evidence demonstrated facilitated temporal summation of NWR threshold (−2.48; 95% CI, −3.13 to −1.83; P < 0.001) in patients compared to controls. Spinal hyperexcitability as evidenced by lowered NWR threshold values and temporal summation of the NWR is present in patients with chronic MSKP and headache. No evidence was found for alterations in NWR duration and NWR magnitude. Future research is needed to address the gap in research on NWR-related outcome measures other than NWR threshold.A

To identify relatives at risk for Prolonged Grief Disorder symptomatology : a cross-sectional study

ContextWhile most bereaved can navigate a death-related loss, some face persistent and disabling challenges, a condition known as Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). Early identification of PGD can prevent adverse health outcomes. The effectiveness of healthcare providers’ clinical intuition versus relatives’ self-report surveys in estimating the risk of developing PGD remains uncertain.ObjectivesThe study evaluates the accuracy of healthcare providers’ subjective risk estimates and self-reported surveys from relatives, conducted close to the cancer patient's death, in predicting ICD-11 PGD symptomatology seven months postloss.MethodsThe study involved specialist palliative care healthcare providers and bereaved relatives of oncology patients in ten hospital and five home settings. Subjective risk estimates from healthcare providers (N = 75) and relatives’ self-report surveys (N = 75) using the PreLoss Grief-12 (PG-12) were compared with Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report Plus (TGI-SR+) total scores seven months postloss. Diagnostic efficacy was evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic and Area Under Curve.ResultsIn the sample of 75 relatives, 8% had ICD-11 PGD symptomatology. The Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis of the PG-12 (N = 75) yielded an Area Under Curve of 0.891, 95% CI [0.782–1], while the healthcare providers’ subjective estimates (N = 75) resulted in an Area Under Curve of 0.549, 95% CI [0.299–0.799]. The optimal PreLoss Grief-12 cut-off score for identifying relatives at risk for PGD was 30 with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 64.7%.ConclusionThe PG-12 accurately predicted PGD symptomatology seven months postloss, while clinical intuition did not perform better than chance. Future research should compare the predictive value of self-report data with clinical interviews.ContextWhile most bereaved can navigate a death-related loss, some face persistent and disabling challenges, a condition known as Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). Early identification of PGD can prevent adverse health outcomes. The effectiveness of healthcare providers’ clinical intuition versus relatives’ self-report surveys in estimating the risk of developing PGD remains uncertain.ObjectivesThe study evaluates the accuracy of healthcare providers’ subjective risk estimates and self-reported surveys from relatives, conducted close to the cancer patient's death, in predicting ICD-11 PGD symptomatology seven months postloss.MethodsThe study involved specialist palliative care healthcare providers and bereaved relatives of oncology patients in ten hospital and five home settings. Subjective risk estimates from healthcare providers (N = 75) and relatives’ self-report surveys (N = 75) using the PreLoss Grief-12 (PG-12) were compared with Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report Plus (TGI-SR+) total scores seven months postloss. Diagnostic efficacy was evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic and Area Under Curve.ResultsIn the sample of 75 relatives, 8% had ICD-11 PGD symptomatology. The Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis of the PG-12 (N = 75) yielded an Area Under Curve of 0.891, 95% CI [0.782–1], while the healthcare providers’ subjective estimates (N = 75) resulted in an Area Under Curve of 0.549, 95% CI [0.299–0.799]. The optimal PreLoss Grief-12 cut-off score for identifying relatives at risk for PGD was 30 with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 64.7%.ConclusionThe PG-12 accurately predicted PGD symptomatology seven months postloss, while clinical intuition did not perform better than chance. Future research should compare the predictive value of self-report data with clinical interviews.A