Diete Sane e Sostenibili nella Popolazione Adolescenziale: uno Studio Grounded Theory Mixed-Method (Studio LET’s EAT)

Background: More than half of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals are related to food, both in terms of its impact on health and on the environment. The eating habits of the population are a determining factor in both of these areas. In order to promote the adoption of healthy and ecologically sustainable diets in young people, it is necessary to recognise and promote their agency, give space to their voices and expectations, and involve them in current and future research. The aim of this thesis is therefore to promote young people's agency by understanding their beliefs and practices in the area of nutrition in order to guide the design of educational interventions aimed at and with young people in the area of nutrition. Objectives: The objective is to develop a theoretical model, based on qualitative and quantitative data, of the adolescents' decision-making process for adopting healthy and environmentally sustainable diets and the factors and mechanisms involved. Methods: The study had an exploratory-confirmative Mixed Method-Grounded Theory (MM-GT) design. The quantitative part consisted of an observational cross-sectional study that used an online survey and supported the qualitative part, a Grounded Theory (GT). The GT used semi-structured in-depth interviews and participant observations and data were collected until saturation was reached. The methodological rigour of the study was ensured by credibility, confirmability, saturation and transferability. Qualitative and quantitative data were integrated to develop the theoretical model. The study also included the active involvement of student representatives from the schools in which it took place as advisors to the research process, forming a local Youth Advisory Council (YAC). Results: The process of decision-making by young people regarding their nutrition was found to be a complex social process. In this process, young people are influenced at different levels: individual, family, social, contextual and environmental. At the same time, young people themselves influence the people with whom they interact and their own context, make deliberate food choices and reason and interpret their own reality. The result of this process can be of two types: eating habits; and variations from one's own habits. Conclusions: This study produced important results with regard to understanding young people's views on food and its impact on health and the environment. The results of this study emphasise the complexity of the eating process in young people, highlighting the need to actively involve them in decision-making in this area and in the future development of strategies to promote healthy and sustainable diets, a key element in health promotion and prevention

Topological coordination numbers and coordination reciprocity from electron-density distributions

Triangulated surface data sets of quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) interatomic surfaces have been employed to calculate solid angles subtended at the nuclear positions by each diatomic contact surface. On this basis, topological effective coordination numbers were evaluated. This corresponds to a generalization of the established Voronoi–Dirichlet partitioning (VDP) based procedure. The topological coordination number (tCN) approach developed includes coordination reciprocity requirements necessary to extract coordination-consistent sub-coordination scenarios for identification of chemically meaningful coordination numbers. The ranking between different sub-coordination scenarios is accomplished by weighting functions derived from purely geometrical properties of square and semicircle areas. Exemplary cases analyzed using theoretical electron-density distributions span the range from the face centered cubic, body centered cubic, hexagonal close packed and diamond types of element structures, to rocksalt, CsCl and zincblende types of structures, to compounds of the TiNiSi structure type. An important difference compared with VDP-based coordination numbers arises from the natural inclusion of the effect of different atomic sizes in the tCN approach. Even in highly symmetrical element structures, differences between VDP and tCN results are obtained as an effect of atomic electron-density decay utilizing still available degrees of freedom in the crystal structure. Especially in the TiNiSi type of examples, the advantage of numerically ranking between different sub-coordination scenarios of similar importance emerges. Instead of being obliged to choose only one of them, a more precise characterization contains a listing of different scenarios with their relative weights and associated effective coordination numbers. This seems to be generally the more appropriate way to analyze atomic coordination, especially in more complex structures such as intermetallic phases, opening up its possible use as input for AI applications on structure–property relationships

L’integrazione tra pubblico e privato per la tutela dei diritti umani sul lavoro: considerazioni sulla Direttiva UE n. 2024/1760

Il saggio commenta la Direttiva UE n. 2024/1760, alla luce della più ampia discussione in merito alla gestione degli impatti negativi delle attività economiche globalizzate sulle condizioni di lavoro lungo le catene globali. Ponendo particolare attenzione al ruolo chiave giocato dalle società multinazionali, l’Autrice suggerisce che lo scopo, di natura pubblicistica, di promuovere attività socialmente sostenibili, debba essere compreso alla luce del diritto internazionale dei diritti umani. La Direttiva UE n. 2024/1760 è presa ad esempio di un’evoluzione ancora in via di perfezionamento. Essa esemplifica l’introduzione di limiti all’attività d’impresa attraverso la legge statale allo scopo di proteggere i diritti umani al di fuori della giurisdizione dello Stato. Alcune considerazioni finali sugli strumenti coercitivi tracciano una linea di demarcazione tra la responsabilizzazione volontaria dell’impresa ad obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile ed il rispetto di obblighi giuridicamente vincolanti aventi lo scopo di prevenire la determinazione di impatti negativi extraterritoriali sulle condizioni di lavoro. The essay comments on EU Directive No. 2024/1760, taking into account the broader discussion on the management of negative impacts of global business operations on working conditions across global value chains. Focusing on multinational corporations’ key role in the transnational labour governance, the Author suggests that the public aim to promote socially sustainable business bust be interpreted in the light of international human rights law. Thus, EU Directive No. 2024/1760 is taken as example of an imperfect but still remarkable development. It exemplifies limitations to business conducts established through statutory law with respect to the protection of human rights outside the State’s jurisdiction. Some final remarks on the enforcement of these obligations draw a line between the voluntary trend towards sustainable development and the respect of binding duties aiming to prevent the negative impacts of business operations on extraterritorial working conditions

Kate Chopin’s Desirée’s Baby in Contemporary High School Classes: Challenging Prejudice

Abstract - breve descrizione dei contenuti Il contributo presenta un’analisi del racconto Désirée’s Baby di Kate Chopin nell’intento di condividere parte dell’esperienza del novembre 2023 di un corso di aggiornamento per docenti della scuola secondaria di secondo grado con oggetto la letteratura anglo-americana. Con la sua svariata offerta di approcci innovativi e avvincenti, la letteratura si rivela strumento efficace nella formazione di cittadini attivi e consapevoli, obiettivo della legge 92 del 2019 che ha istituzionalizzato l’insegnamento dell’educazione civica nella scuola italiana. Il saggio ha anche lo scopo di fornire ai docenti percorsi che possano essere utilizzati in classe in quanto appositamente pensati per studenti delle superiori. Grazie alla perfetta costruzione narrativa e alla ricchezza semantica, Désirée’s Baby aiuta a indagare questioni di rilievo della contemporaneità, quali la manipolazione della realtà, le problematiche legate all’identità, e il difficile rapporto con le tradizioni culturali.Abstract Centring on an analysis of Kate Chopin’s Desirée’s Baby, this contribution aims to share part of the experience from a training course on US literature for high school teachers organized in November 2023. It demonstrates how literature and literary studies can offer engaging, innovative, and diverse approaches to fulfil the objective of forming responsible and active citizens, a goal introduced with the study of Civic Education in Italian schools in 2019. Additionally, this contribution provides teachers with ready-made materials for students to use in their classes. In its ambiguity and perfect construction, Désirée’s Baby exemplifies Chopin’s ambivalence and multivocality. It is an excellent text for exploring intricate issues such as the manipulation of facts, identity, and cultural traditions, all resonating with contemporary societal challenges

Robust Bayesian inference for moving horizon estimation

The accuracy of moving horizon estimation (MHE) suffers significantly in the presence of measurement outliers. Existing methods address this issue by treating measurements leading to large MHE cost function values as outliers and subsequently discarding them, which may lead to undesirable removal of uncontaminated data. Also, these methods are solved by combinatorial optimization problems, restricted to linear systems to guarantee computational tractability and stability. Contrasting these heuristic approaches, our work reexamines MHE from a Bayesian perspective, revealing that MHE's sensitivity to outliers results from its reliance on the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, where both outliers and inliers are equally considered. To tackle this problem, we propose a robust Bayesian inference framework for MHE, integrating a robust divergence measure to reduce the impact of outliers. Specifically, the proposed approach prioritizes the fitting of uncontaminated data and lowers the weight of outliers, instead of directly discarding all potential outliers. A tuning parameter is incorporated into the framework to adjust the degree of robustness, and the classical MHE can be regarded as a special case of the proposed approach as the parameter converges to zero. Our method involves only minor modification to the classical MHE stage cost, thus avoiding the high computational complexity associated with previous outlier-robust methods, making it inherently suitable for nonlinear systems. Additionally, it is proven to have robustness and stability guarantees, which are often missing in other outlier-robust Bayes filters. The effectiveness of the proposed method is finally demonstrated in a vehicle localization experiment. (c) 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies

Miss Impossible: negoziare modelli di genere per la GenZ, tra musica trap e social platform. Il caso di Anna Pepe

Among the main symbolic referents for Italian Gen Z identified in the literature, trap music and digital platforms emerge as particularly prominent. Trap, the most listened-to musical genre among Italian Gen Z and characterized by the youngest average age of artists in the history of recorded music, conveys complex meanings that require analysis through a trans- and cross-media lens. As a generational response to historical, political, economic, and media transformations, trap music reappropriates and reconfigures elements of hip-hop—especially gangsta rap—emphasizing success, power, and violence as markers of competence traditionally linked to hegemonic masculinity. However, trap culture also constitutes a space in which a number of female artists are currently gaining visibility and engaging in self-representation to an extent previously unseen in the history of Italian hip-hop. Building on this premise, the present contribution explores the trap scene as a gendered space, examining the negotiations, continuities, and ruptures of gender norms enacted within it by female artists. In particular, the analysis will focus on the figure of Anna Pepe, currently the most followed and listened-to female artist on the main digital platforms, and the subject of the highest number of post

Food Ice Hygienic Quality Investigation from Public and Collective Catering

In recent years, the global demand for food ice cubes has increased. The aim of the study was to evaluate the hygienic quality of both ice and water used for its production. During January–October 2023, 108 ice and water samples were collected in catering locations in Apulia Region and examined for Escherichia coli, Enterococci, total bacterial count (TBC) and fungi. Median counts of E. coli, Coliforms and Enterococci were 0 CFU/100 mL both for ice and water samples, collected in bars (n = 78) and restaurants (n = 30). The median TBCs in ice and water samples were 175 and 43 CFU/mL (p < 0.0001) at 22 °C, and 80 and 30 CFU/mL (p < 0.0001) at 36 °C. Total fungi counts were 4 and 0 CFU/mL for ice and water (p < 0.0001). In restaurants, differences were found between ice and water only for fungal contamination, whereas for bars, a difference was found between ice and water for Coliforms, Enterococci, TBC at 22 °C and fungi. The only statistically significant difference between bars and restaurants was observed for the TBCs at 22 °C (p = 0.017) and 36 °C (p = 0.036). Ice contamination does not appear to be directly related to the hygienic quality of water, but likely linked to the production, storage and maintenance of ice machines

REUSO DE LOS PAISAJES DE LA ELECTRICIDAD El sistema de las centrales eléctricas Enel: el caso de la Central Termoeléctrica del Puerto de Génova

INTRODUZIONE E OBIETTIVI La tesi si colloca nell’ambito dell’Archeologia Industriale, intesa come disciplina che approfondisce la conoscenza della storia industriale attraverso un metodo interdisciplinare, che studia i processi materiali e immateriali, diretti e indiretti. Nella ricerca si vuole adattare e utilizzare gli stessi processi, propri dell’Archeologia Industriale, per raggiungere le conoscenze necessarie: lo studio del luogo, la tecnologia dei processi produttivi/costruttivi, le tracce archeologiche da essi generate, i mezzi e le macchine attraverso cui tali processi sono stati realizzati, i prodotti di questi processi, la documentazione scritta, le fotografie, il sapere orale e i paesaggi segnati da questi processi, ovvero i paesaggi industriali. Nel corso degli anni ci sono stati diversi approcci agli edifici e agli spazi industriali abbandonati. Un approccio prevede interventi completamente nuovi a partire da una situazione di tabula rasa, senza considerare le preesistenze; un altro approccio consiste nello studio delle preesistenze, cercando di valorizzare e preservare non solo il valore architettonico intrinseco, ma anche il valore storico e sociale. Si ritiene che, in linea generale e nella misura del possibile, sia importante mantenere le preesistenze industriali e proporne il riuso per preservare il paesaggio che, nel suo significato più ampio, è frutto di un insieme di fattori fisici, antropici e biologici che, nel loro insieme, hanno influenzato in modo decisivo quel luogo. L’importanza architettonica non è l’unico fattore determinante; anzi, può risultare marginale nei casi in cui la relazione che l’edificio instaura con la città non sia solo fisica, ma anche temporale, esprimendo ciò che l’edificio stesso, e di conseguenza la città, rappresentava in un determinato momento storico. Come afferma Joseph Rykwert, “La storia e il patrimonio sono ineluttabilmente legati e fanno parte del vivere in una società”. La ricerca si inserisce inoltre in un dibattito molto attuale sulla rigenerazione dello spazio pubblico attraverso il riuso di edifici industriali abbandonati o in fase di cessazione dell’attività produttiva. In questo contesto, abbiamo deciso di concentrare la ricerca sulla tipologia delle centrali elettriche, il cui smantellamento è dovuto a circostanze particolari di ciascuna, ma che in generale è legato alla diminuzione del consumo energetico nei Paesi industrializzati, causata dalla crisi economica, che ha comportato una minore domanda da parte del settore industriale, nonché all’incremento dell’efficienza energetica, alle innovazioni tecnologiche nelle centrali elettriche, nelle reti di distribuzione e alla crescente attenzione alla riduzione degli sprechi di risorse e dei costi da parte di cittadini, imprese e amministrazioni pubbliche. Il caso delle centrali elettriche è emblematico, poiché spesso nascono in realtà extra-urbane o peri-urbane, vicine al centro, e che, con il progressivo ampliamento della città consolidata, finiscono per essere inglobate in tessuti o contesti urbanizzati per i quali non erano state progettate né a livello funzionale né per quanto riguarda le connessioni sociali e fisiche. Per garantire una fornitura di energia continua e sicura, devono essere efficienti sia dal punto di vista tecnico che economico e ambientale. Tuttavia, con il passare del tempo, alcune di esse sono diventate obsolete e inadeguate, principalmente a causa dei cambiamenti operati nell’ambiente circostante, e si è posta la questione della loro chiusura. Questa nuova condizione può provocare fratture nel territorio e, nei casi peggiori, situazioni di estremo degrado, ma allo stesso tempo offre l’opportunità di grandi cambiamenti e possibilità. La scelta di studiare questo tema deriva dall’opportunità di analizzare casi concreti, grazie all’avvio, nel 2015, del progetto Futur-E di Enel (Ente Nazionale per l’Energia Elettrica), multinazionale italiana produttrice e distributrice di energia elettrica e gas, che prevede la chiusura di 23 centrali elettriche sul territorio italiano, le quali hanno esaurito il loro ciclo vitale e la loro funzione. In questi anni, dal 2015 a oggi, abbiamo potuto osservare le strategie adottate per il riuso in situazioni diverse, e metterle a confronto con altri esempi emblematici di riuso di centrali elettriche, a livello internazionale, che abbiamo studiato dal punto di vista tipologico e spaziale, per individuare le criticità e le potenzialità. La tesi si propone di formulare metodologie d’intervento, cercando similitudini e differenze tra i vari esempi, analizzando sia gli aspetti tipologici sia le loro relazioni con l’ambiente fisico e sociale, con l’obiettivo di creare “famiglie” che facilitino lo sviluppo di tali metodologie. Si analizzano esperienze passate, strategie e risultati raggiunti in interventi simili, valutando nuovi usi e metodi applicabili ai diversi contesti. L’obiettivo è dimostrare come il patrimonio industriale delle centrali elettriche possa avere un potenziale straordinario per essere valorizzato. In questa ricerca metodologica, si vogliono analizzare le potenzialità del patrimonio industriale, intrinseche a ogni “oggetto architettonico”, ma anche quelle dei loro contesti urbanistici, paesaggistici e di riqualificazione del suolo, così come gli aspetti sociali, territoriali e simbolici. Infine, si cerca di applicare queste metodologie al caso studio della centrale elettrica a carbone del Porto di Genova, inclusa nel progetto Futur-E, che nel frattempo ha cessato la sua attività a causa delle problematiche ambientali legate a questo tipo di infrastruttura in contesti urbani. CONCLUSIONI FINALI La tesi ha dimostrato come il riuso delle centrali elettriche non rappresenti solo una sfida progettuale, ma un'opportunità per ridefinire il ruolo di queste infrastrutture industriali all’interno del tessuto urbano e sociale. Il caso della Centrale Termoelettrica del Porto di Genova ha evidenziato come la conoscenza approfondita del contesto storico, architettonico e territoriale sia una condizione imprescindibile per formulare strategie di rigenerazione sostenibili e capaci di rispondere alle esigenze specifiche del territorio. Tuttavia, l’analisi condotta dimostra che il valore delle centrali elettriche non risiede unicamente nella loro dimensione materiale, ma anche nella capacità di attivare processi virtuosi di partecipazione, innovazione e inclusione. Lo strumento metodologico sviluppato costituisce un punto di partenza fondamentale per affrontare interventi su manufatti industriali dismessi, ma non può essere considerato un modello rigido o standardizzabile. L’apertura di questo metodo, che permette di adattarsi ai contesti e integrare conoscenze sempre nuove, rappresenta la sua principale forza. In questa prospettiva, la centralità del confronto tra casi studio internazionali e nazionali si pone come elemento cruciale per evitare errori passati e costruire soluzioni progettuali basate su percorsi consolidati, ma al contempo aperte all’innovazione. Il futuro del riuso delle centrali elettriche richiede di abbracciare pienamente la complessità delle sfide contemporanee, dalle esigenze di sostenibilità ambientale alla rigenerazione sociale ed economica.INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES This dissertation is situated within the field of Industrial Archaeology, understood as a discipline that deepens the understanding of industrial history through an interdisciplinary approach, examining both material and immaterial processes, whether direct or indirect. The research aims to adapt and apply the methodological processes intrinsic to Industrial Archaeology in order to acquire the necessary knowledge: the study of the site, the technology of production and construction processes, the archaeological traces generated by these processes, the tools and machinery through which they were carried out, the resulting products, written documentation, photographs, oral knowledge, and the landscapes shaped by these processes, known as industrial landscapes. Over the years, various approaches have emerged in relation to abandoned industrial buildings and spaces. One approach involves entirely new interventions, starting from a tabula rasa and disregarding pre-existing structures; another focuses on studying such pre-existences with the aim of valuing and preserving them—not only for their intrinsic architectural value, but also for their historical and social significance. It is argued that, generally and whenever possible, it is important to preserve industrial pre-existences and propose their adaptive reuse, in order to safeguard the landscape—broadly understood as the result of a combination of physical, human, and biological factors which, through their interaction, have decisively shaped a given place. Architectural value alone is not the sole determining factor; in fact, it may be secondary in cases where the building’s relationship with the city is not only physical but also temporal, expressing what the building—and therefore the city—represented at a specific historical moment. As Joseph Rykwert states, “History and heritage are ineluctably connected and are part of living in a society.” The research also engages with a highly relevant contemporary debate on the regeneration of public space through the reuse of abandoned or decommissioned industrial buildings. Within this context, the investigation focuses on the typology of power plants, whose dismantlement results from circumstances particular to each case but which, in general, is linked to the decline in energy consumption in industrialized countries. This decline stems from the economic crisis—leading to reduced industrial demand—as well as improvements in energy efficiency, technological innovation in power plants and distribution networks, and a growing commitment by citizens, businesses, and public administrations to reduce resource waste and costs. The case of power plants is emblematic, as they are often located in peri-urban or extra-urban areas, close to city centers, and with the gradual expansion of the consolidated city, these plants are eventually absorbed into urbanized contexts for which they were neither functionally designed nor socially or physically connected. To ensure continuous and secure energy supply, such plants must meet technical, economic, and environmental efficiency standards. However, over time, some have become obsolete and inadequate—primarily due to changes in their surroundings—leading to their closure. This new condition may result in territorial fragmentation and, in the worst cases, extreme degradation, but it also presents an opportunity for significant transformation and potential. The decision to study this subject stems from the opportunity to analyze concrete cases made possible by the launch, in 2015, of Enel’s Futur-E project (Ente Nazionale per l’Energia Elettrica), an Italian multinational company producing and distributing electricity and gas. The project envisions the decommissioning of 23 power plants across Italy that have reached the end of their operational life. From 2015 to the present, we have been able to observe the strategies employed for their reuse in different contexts and to compare them with other emblematic examples of power plant reuse at the international level. These cases have been studied from a typological and spatial perspective in order to identify critical issues and opportunities. The thesis seeks to formulate intervention methodologies by identifying similarities and differences among various examples, analyzing both typological aspects and their relationships with the physical and social environment, with the aim of defining “families” that may support the development of such methodologies. Previous experiences, strategies, and outcomes of similar interventions are examined, evaluating new uses and methods applicable to diverse contexts. The goal is to demonstrate the extraordinary potential for valorization embedded in the industrial heritage of power plants. This methodological investigation aims to analyze the potential of industrial heritage, both intrinsic to each “architectural object” and within their broader urban, landscape, and land redevelopment contexts, alongside social, territorial, and symbolic dimensions. Finally, the methodologies developed are applied to a case study: the coal-fired power plant in the Port of Genoa, which is included in the Futur-E project and has since ceased operations due to environmental concerns associated with such infrastructure in urban settings. FINAL CONCLUSIONS This dissertation has demonstrated that the reuse of power plants represents not only a design challenge but also an opportunity to redefine the role of industrial infrastructure within the urban and social fabric. The case of the Thermoelectric Power Plant in the Port of Genoa revealed that a deep understanding of the historical, architectural, and territorial context is essential for formulating sustainable regeneration strategies capable of responding to the specific needs of the area. However, the analysis shows that the value of power plants lies not only in their material dimension but also in their capacity to catalyze virtuous processes of participation, innovation, and inclusion. The methodological tool developed provides a foundational starting point for addressing interventions on decommissioned industrial buildings, but it should not be seen as a rigid or standardizable model. Its openness—allowing for contextual adaptation and the integration of new knowledge—represents its greatest strength. From this perspective, the comparative analysis of national and international case studies emerges as a crucial element to avoid past mistakes and to construct design solutions based on established trajectories while remaining open to innovation. The future of power plant reuse must fully embrace the complexity of contemporary challenges, from environmental sustainability requirements to social and economic regeneration.INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS La tesis se inscribe en el ámbito de la Arqueología Industrial, entendida como una disciplina que profundiza en el conocimiento de la historia industrial a través de un enfoque interdisciplinar, estudiando los procesos materiales e inmateriales, directos e indirectos. La investigación busca adaptar y utilizar los mismos procesos propios de la Arqueología Industrial para alcanzar los conocimientos necesarios: el estudio del lugar, la tecnología de los procesos productivos y constructivos, las huellas arqueológicas generadas por ellos, los medios y las máquinas mediante los cuales se llevaron a cabo estos procesos, los productos resultantes, la documentación escrita, las fotografías, el conocimiento oral y los paisajes marcados por estos procesos, conocidos como paisajes industriales. A lo largo de los años, ha habido diferentes enfoques hacia los edificios y espacios industriales abandonados. Un enfoque implica intervenciones completamente nuevas que parten de una situación de tabula rasa, sin considerar las preexistencias; otro enfoque se centra en el estudio de estas preexistencias, buscando valorarlas y preservarlas no solo por su valor arquitectónico intrínseco, sino también por su valor histórico y social. Se considera que, en términos generales y en la medida de lo posible, es importante conservar las preexistencias industriales y proponer su reutilización para preservar el paisaje, entendido en su sentido más amplio como el resultado de un conjunto de factores físicos, humanos y biológicos que, en su interacción, han influido de manera decisiva en ese lugar. La importancia arquitectónica no es el único factor determinante; de hecho, puede resultar secundaria en aquellos casos donde la relación del edificio con la ciudad no sea solo física, sino también temporal, expresando lo que el edificio, y por ende la ciudad, representaron en un momento histórico determinado. Como afirma Joseph Rykwert, “La historia y el patrimonio están ineludiblemente conectados y forman parte de vivir en una sociedad”. La investigación también se inserta en un debate muy actual sobre la regeneración del espacio público a través de la reutilización de edificios industriales abandonados o en proceso de cierre de sus actividades productivas. En este contexto, se ha decidido enfocar la investigación en la tipología de las centrales eléctricas, cuyo desmantelamiento responde a circunstancias particulares de cada una, pero que, en general, está ligado a la disminución del consumo energético en los países industrializados. Esta disminución es consecuencia de la crisis económica, que ha provocado una menor demanda del sector industrial, así como del aumento de la eficiencia energética, las innovaciones tecnológicas en las centrales eléctricas y en las redes de distribución, y la creciente atención de ciudadanos, empresas y administraciones públicas a la reducción del desperdicio de recursos y los costos. El caso de las centrales eléctricas es emblemático, ya que a menudo se construyen en áreas extraurbanas o periurbanas, cercanas al centro, y que, con la progresiva expansión de la ciudad consolidada, terminan siendo absorbidas por tejidos o contextos urbanizados para los cuales no fueron diseñadas ni funcionalmente ni en términos de conexiones sociales y físicas. Para garantizar un suministro de energía continuo y seguro, deben ser eficientes desde el punto de vista técnico, económico y ambiental. Sin embargo, con el paso del tiempo, algunas de estas centrales se han vuelto obsoletas e inadecuadas, principalmente debido a los cambios en su entorno, lo que ha llevado a su cierre. Esta nueva condición puede generar fracturas en el territorio y, en los peores casos, situaciones de extremo deterioro, pero al mismo tiempo ofrece la oportunidad de grandes transformaciones y posibilidades. La decisión de estudiar este tema surge de la oportunidad de analizar casos concretos, gracias al inicio, en 2015, del proyecto Futur-E de Enel (Ente Nazionale per l’Energia Elettrica), una multinacional italiana productora y distribuidora de energía eléctrica y gas. Este proyecto contempla el cierre de 23 centrales eléctricas en el territorio italiano que han agotado su ciclo vital y su función. En estos años, desde 2015 hasta la actualidad, hemos podido observar las estrategias adoptadas para su reutilización en diferentes situaciones y compararlas con otros ejemplos emblemáticos de reutilización de centrales eléctricas a nivel internacional. Estos casos se han estudiado desde un punto de vista tipológico y espacial para identificar las problemáticas y las potencialidades. La tesis se propone formular metodologías de intervención, buscando similitudes y diferencias entre los distintos ejemplos, analizando tanto los aspectos tipológicos como sus relaciones con el entorno físico y social, con el objetivo de crear “familias” que faciliten el desarrollo de dichas metodologías. Se analizan experiencias previas, estrategias y resultados alcanzados en intervenciones similares, evaluando nuevos usos y métodos aplicables a diversos contextos. El objetivo es demostrar cómo el patrimonio industrial de las centrales eléctricas puede tener un extraordinario potencial para ser valorizado. En esta investigación metodológica se busca analizar las potencialidades del patrimonio industrial, intrínsecas a cada “objeto arquitectónico”, así como las de sus contextos urbanísticos, paisajísticos y de recalificación del suelo, junto con los aspectos sociales, territoriales y simbólicos. Por último, se intenta aplicar estas metodologías al estudio de caso de la central eléctrica de carbón del puerto de Génova, incluida en el proyecto Futur-E, que desde entonces ha cesado su actividad debido a los problemas medioambientales asociados a este tipo de infraestructuras en contextos urbanos. CONCLUSIONES FINALES La tesis ha demostrado cómo la reutilización de las centrales eléctricas no solo representa un desafío de diseño, sino también una oportunidad para redefinir el papel de estas infraestructuras industriales dentro del tejido urbano y social. El caso de la Central Termoeléctrica del Puerto de Génova evidenció cómo un conocimiento profundo del contexto histórico, arquitectónico y territorial es una condición imprescindible para formular estrategias de regeneración sostenibles y capaces de responder a las necesidades específicas del territorio. Sin embargo, el análisis realizado demuestra que el valor de las centrales eléctricas no reside únicamente en su dimensión material, sino también en su capacidad para activar procesos virtuosos de participación, innovación e inclusión. La herramienta metodológica desarrollada constituye un punto de partida fundamental para abordar intervenciones en edificios industriales desmantelados, pero no puede considerarse un modelo rígido o estandarizable. La apertura de este método, que permite adaptarse a los contextos e integrar conocimientos siempre nuevos, representa su principal fortaleza. Desde esta perspectiva, la centralidad de la comparación entre casos de estudio internacionales y nacionales se plantea como un elemento crucial para evitar errores del pasado y construir soluciones de diseño basadas en trayectorias consolidadas, pero a la vez abiertas a la innovación. El futuro de la reutilización de las centrales eléctricas requiere abrazar plenamente la complejidad de los desafíos contemporáneos, desde las exigencias de sostenibilidad ambiental hasta la regeneración social y e