L’exigence de la majorité des voix pour l’adoption des décisions collectives au sein d’une SAS (Cass. ass. plén., 15 novembre 2024, n° 23-16.670)

Il se déduit des articles 1844, alinéa 1er et 1844-10, alinéas 2 et 3, du Code civil et L. 227-9 du Code de commerce, que la décision collective d'associés d'une société par actions simplifiée, prévue par les statuts ou imposée par la loi, ne peut être valablement adoptée que si elle réunit au moins la majorité des voix exprimés, toute clause statutaire contraire étant réputée non écrite

Association : formalisme relatif à l'exclusion d’un sociétaire (Cass. 3e civ., 5 décembre 2024, n° 23-17.617)

La convocation adressée par une association à l'un de ses membres en vue de son exclusion doit indiquer précisément les griefs qui lui sont reprochés afin qu'il puisse utilement présenter sa défense, sous peine d'annulation de la décision d'exclusio

The Electoral Effects of State-Sponsored Homophobia

Do strategies of state-sponsored homophobia translate into electoral gains?While a growing body of literature documents the increasing politicization of LGBTQ- and gender-related issues by illiberal elites, little is known about the electoral effects of these strategies. We address this important question by studying whether anti-LGBTQ mobilization pays off electorally for the initiating party. Empirically, we study the adoption of anti-LGBTQ resolu-tions in many Polish municipalities prior to the 2019 parliamentary election. Using a synthetic difference-in-differences design, we find that these resolu-tions significantly depressed turnout in affected municipalities, with oppo-sition parties showing less mobilization capacity. By contrast, turnout for the incumbent Law and Justice Party increased substantially. Overall, this study’s findings are relevant for understanding the electoral consequences of both elite-led mobilization against stigmatized and discriminated groups, and policies of subnational democratic backsliding

L'épilogue prévisible d'une "affaire de corruption"

L'arrêt du 18 décembre 2024 émanant de la chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation fera date. Non point en ce qui concerne « l'affaire des écoutes », dont le traitement va devoir encore se poursuivre devant la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme, mais à propos de la définition donnée aux faits de corruption et de trafic d'influence intéressant, en l'espèce, un ancien président de la République, son avocat et un premier Avocat général près la Cour de cassation

L’écrou extraditionnel : entre exigence d’unité formelle et spécificité du régime (chambre criminelle le 19 mars 2025, n° 25-80.129)

Si l’écrou extraditionnel obéit à une procédure particulière, elle demeure soumise au formalisme exigé devant la chambre de l’instruction. Dès lors, l’absence de dépôt des réquisitions du procureur général au plus tard la veille de l'audience « porte nécessairement atteinte aux droits de la défense, peu important que des réquisitions aient été déposées le jour de l'audience ». L’individu recherché a donc été mis en liberté et placé sous contrôle judiciaire

Nonuniversality of inflammaging across human populations

Inflammaging, an age-associated increase in chronic inflammation, is considered a hallmark of aging. However, there is no consensus approach to measuring inflammaging based on circulating cytokines. Here we assessed whether an inflammaging axis detected in the Italian InCHIANTI dataset comprising 19 cytokines could be generalized to a different industrialized population (Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study) or to two indigenous, nonindustrialized populations: the Tsimane from the Bolivian Amazon and the Orang Asli from Peninsular Malaysia. We assessed cytokine axis structure similarity and whether the inflammaging axis replicating the InCHIANTI result increased with age or was associated with health outcomes. The Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study was similar to InCHIANTI except for IL-6 and IL-1RA. The Tsimane and Orang Asli showed markedly different axis structures with little to no association with age and no association with age-related diseases. Inflammaging, as measured in this manner in these cohorts, thus appears to be largely a byproduct of industrialized lifestyles, with major variation across environments and populations

From Doctrine to Data: Towards an Empirical Turn in European Legal Scholarship?

Empirical Legal Research (ELR) can be defined as the systematic collec-tion and analysis of data on legal phenomenon, in a way that is verifia-ble, reproducible and falsifiable. Europe is a good case to study the de-velopment of ELR, notably given the long tradition of unity in legal scholarship. Of course, this tradition is that of doctrinal scholarship but, at the turn of the 20th century, it was partially challenged by the emer-gence of new social sciences. Nowadays, ELR implicitly challenges the division of labour that resulted from this period, by using social science methods to grasp legal objects. It thus challenges normativist dogma and goes beyond legal realism. If there were any doubt about that, ELR can be considered “legal” research, notably because, at least in some cases, its object is purely legal. However, this does not mean that ELR answers the same questions as doctrinal approaches. Although ELR seems to be developing in Europe, some countries are lagging behind, for example France where interest in ELR has only been growing in re-cent years. At the European level, signs of growth are more tangible. This raises questions regarding the structuring of this field of research. This special issue aims to answer them