60 research outputs found

    Effects of feeding system for 50% Thai-native-anglo nubian crossbred does in late pregnancy on feed intake, milk yield, birth weight and pre-weaning growth of kids

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    āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļ™āļīāļžāļ™āļ˜āđŒ (āļ§āļ—.āļĄ. (āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ))--āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļŠāļ‡āļ‚āļĨāļēāļ™āļ„āļĢāļīāļ™āļ—āļĢāđŒ, 254

    āļœāļąāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ§āļĄāļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āļžāļ°āļ•āļ‡-āļžāļąāļ‡āļĨāļē

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    āļœāļąāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ§āļĄāļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āļžāļ°āļ•āļ‡-āļžāļąāļ‡āļĨāļē āļāļŽāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļœāļąāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ§āļĄāļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āļžāļ°āļ•āļ‡-āļžāļąāļ‡āļĨāļē āļž.āļĻ. 254

    Effect of activation protocol after intracytoplasmic sperm injection on the embryo development and pregnancy after transfer embryo in cattle.

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    āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļļāļ”āļŦāļ™āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļˆāļēāļāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļŠāļļāļĢāļ™āļēāļĢ

    āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĒāļļāļāļ•āđŒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļŠāļļāļāļĢāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒāļĨāļđāļāļœāļŠāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒ (APPLICATION OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS TO FORECAST CROSSBRED SWINE PRICE IN THAILAND)

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    āļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļšāļšāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļŠāļļāļāļĢāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒāļĨāļđāļāļœāļŠāļĄāļĢāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļēāļ‡āđāļœāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļ­āļ”āļ„āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļąāļ™āļœāļ§āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļŠāļļāļāļĢ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļˆāļēāļāļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļĐāļ•āļĢ āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļĄāļāļĢāļēāļ„āļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2551 āļ–āļķāļ‡ āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļ˜āļąāļ™āļ§āļēāļ„āļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2562 āļĄāļēāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļšāļšāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” 3 āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļ„āđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ‚āļŠāļĩāđ‰āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ§āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļšāļšāļšāļ§āļ āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļšāļ­āļāļ‹āđŒ-āđ€āļˆāļ™āļāļīāļ™āļŠāđŒ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļĢāļ§āļĄ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļ„āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ‹āđ‡āļ™āļ•āđŒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļĨāļēāļ”āđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļŠāļąāļĄāļšāļđāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ€āļ‰āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āđˆāļēāļĢāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļĨāļēāļ”āđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļŠāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‰āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļąāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļĨāļēāļ”āđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ“āđŒ āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļē āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āļĒāļģāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļĢāļ§āļĄ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ„āđˆāļēāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļĄāļāļĢāļēāļ„āļĄ āļ–āļķāļ‡ āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļ˜āļąāļ™āļ§āļēāļ„āļĄ āļ›āļĩ āļž.āļĻ. 2563-2564 āļˆāļēāļāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ§āđˆāļē āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļŠāļļāļāļĢāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒāļĨāļđāļāļœāļŠāļĄāđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļžāļĪāļĐāļ āļēāļ„āļĄ āļ–āļķāļ‡ āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļŠāļīāļ‡āļŦāļēāļ„āļĄāļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļŠāļđāļ‡ āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡ 67.06-68.47 āļšāļēāļ—āļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļīāđ‚āļĨāļāļĢāļąāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļ˜āļąāļ™āļ§āļēāļ„āļĄ āļ–āļķāļ‡ āļĄāļāļĢāļēāļ„āļĄāļĄāļĩāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļ•āđˆāļģ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡ 60.47-60.80 āļšāļēāļ—āļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļīāđ‚āļĨāļāļĢāļąāļĄ āļˆāļēāļāļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ€āļāļĐāļ•āļĢāļāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļēāļ‡āđāļœāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļŠāļļāļāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļ­āļ”āļ„āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļ•āđˆāļģāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ„āļģāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ: āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļŠāļļāļāļĢāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒāļĨāļđāļāļœāļŠāļĄ  āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ“āđŒ  āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ§āļīāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒ  āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļĢāļ§āļĄThe aim of the study was to develop forecasting model for crossbred swine price in Thailand. The results can be database in production planning to correspond with variation of swine price. The data was collected from Office of Agricultural Economics over consecutive months from the period January 2008 – December 2019. There are three forecasting models considering to be fitted with the data such as Winter’s additive exponential smoothing method, Box-Jenkins method and combined forecasting method. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) were used to compare accuracy of model. The result showed that the most appropriated model was combined forecasting method. The forecasting values in January to December 2020-2021 from this model showed that the highest crossbred swine price would be in May to August period (67.06-68.47 baht per kilogram) and the lowest crossbred swine price would be in December to January period (60.47-60.80 baht per kilogram). Farmers can apply these forecasts for planning in swine production in accordance to low and high price period.Keywords: Crossbred Swine Price, Forecasting, Winter’s Method, Combined Forecastin

    Dry matter yield and quality of forages derived from three grass species with and without legumes using organic production methods

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    This study was the second year of an experiment which was carried out to investigate the use of forage grass species with and without legumes using organic production methods to produce forages for optimal dry matter yield and quality in Korat soil series (Oxic Paleustults). A field investigation was conducted from April 2007 to April 2008 at Khon Kaen University Experimental Farm, Northeastern Thailand. The experiment was a 3 x 4 factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The 12 treatment combinations consisted of 3 species of grass (G), viz., (1) Ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), (2) purple Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. TD 58), and (3) Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan); and 4 organic production methods (PMs), viz., (1) control (no fertilizer application, no legume mixture), (2) cattle manure (CM) at the rate of 25 tons/ ha, and broadcast seeds of (3) Verano stylo (Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano) and (4) Wynn cassia (Chamaecrista rotundifolia cv. Wynn) for grass-legume mixtures. The results showed that G and PMs produced significantly different (p0.05), but both produced significantly higher g+l than Napier+l. G-Verano stylo and G-Wynn cassia mixtures produced no significant difference in g+l. Interactions (p<0.01) between G and PM were found in g, g+l and dry matter yield of weed. Purple Guinea with CM produced the highest g (15,591 kg/ha) of purple Guinea alone. Napier with Verano stylo mixture tended to produce higher g+l than Ruzi and purple Guinea with Verano stylo or with Wynn cassia mixture. Napier with CM produced the highest dry matter yield of weed while the lowest was with Ruzi-Wynn cassia mixture. There were significant effects (P<0.01) of G on CP, NDF, ADF, ash and DMD; and on ADL (P<0.05) of grass plus legumes where Napier gave the highest CP, ADL and ash contents. On the other hand, Napier plus legumes gave the lowest NDF and ADF contents. Ruzi plus legumes gave the highest DMD. There were significant effects (P<0.01) of PMs on CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, ash and DMD of grass plus legumes. G-Verano stylo mixture gave the highest value of CP (12.09%), the lowest NDF and ADF contents, and the highest DMD value (78.75%) of grass plus VeranoPeer reviewedFinal Published versio

    āļœāļąāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ§āļĄāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļžāļąāļ—āļĨāļļāļ‡

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    āļœāļąāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ§āļĄāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļžāļąāļ—āļĨāļļāļ‡ āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāđāļĢāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻ 1.āļāļŽāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡ āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆ 25 (āļž.āļĻ. 2529) āļ­āļ­āļāļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļœāļąāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļž.āļĻ. 2518 2.āļāļŽāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡ āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆ 337 (āļž.āļĻ. 2540) āļ­āļ­āļāļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļœāļąāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļž.āļĻ. 2518 3.āļāļŽāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļœāļąāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ§āļĄāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļžāļąāļ—āļĨāļļāļ‡ āļž.āļĻ. 254

    Comparative Study of Islamic Law on Halal Food

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    āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļ™āļīāļžāļ™āļ˜āđŒ (āļ›āļĢ.āļ”.(āļ­āļīāļŠāļĨāļēāļĄāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē))--āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļŠāļ‡āļ‚āļĨāļēāļ™āļ„āļĢāļīāļ™āļ—āļĢāđŒ, 2561āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļšāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ­āļīāļŠāļĨāļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļŪāļēāļĨāļēāļĨ āļĄāļĩāļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļšāļ—āļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ­āļīāļŠāļĨāļēāļĄāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļŪāļēāļĨāļēāļĨāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ”āļīāļš āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļšāļ—āļąāļĻāļ™āļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĄāļąāļĐāļšāļŪāļąāļšāđƒāļ™āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ­āļīāļŠāļĨāļēāļĄāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ”āļīāļš āļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļœāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ™āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļŪāļēāļĢāļ­āļĄāđƒāļ™āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ„āļąāļšāļ‚āļąāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ—āļąāļĻāļ™āļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļąāļĐāļšāļŪāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļžāļēāļ“āļīāļŠāļĒāđŒāđƒāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļĄāļļāļŠāļĨāļīāļĄ āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ„āļļāļ“āļ āļēāļž āđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļĢāļ§āļšāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢ āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļžāļĢāļĢāļ“āļ™āļē āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ™āļēāļ­āļīāļŠāļĨāļēāļĄāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡ āļĄāļĩāļ­āļēāļĒāļ°āļŪāđŒāļ­āļąāļĨāļāļļāļĢāļ­āļēāļ™ āļŪāļ°āļ”āļĩāļĐ āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļģāļĢāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļīāļŠāļĨāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĄāļēāļĒāļŠāļēāļ˜āļĒāļēāļĒāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ•āļĢāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ­āđ‰āļ­āļĄ āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāđŒāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļĄāļīāļ•āļīāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ‚āļĨāļāđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ āđ‚āļĨāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āđ‚āļĨāļāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļē āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āļ­āļīāļŠāļĨāļēāļĄāļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļļāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļŦāļĨāļąāļ 2 āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ·āļ­ āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡ āļŪāļēāļĨāļēāļĨ āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ–āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļī āļŠāļ­āļ‡ āļāļ­āļĒāļĒāļīāļš āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ”āļĩāļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļŠāļ°āļ­āļēāļ” āļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒ āļĄāļĩāļ„āļļāļ“āļ„āđˆāļēāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ‚āļ āļŠāļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒ āđāļŦāļĨāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ„āļ·āļ­āļžāļ·āļŠāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒ āļ•āļąāļ§āļšāļ—āļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ­āļīāļŠāļĨāļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ”āļīāļšāļ”āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļ”āļīāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩ 3 āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āļ„āļ·āļ­ 1. āļ•āļąāļ§āļšāļ—āļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļ§āđˆāļēāļŪāļēāļĨāļēāļĨ 2. āļ•āļąāļ§āļšāļ—āļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļ§āđˆāļēāļŪāļēāļĢāļ­āļĄāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļī 3. āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ•āļąāļ§āļšāļ—āļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđƒāļ” āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ”āļīāļĄāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ—āļļāļāļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļīāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„ āļĒāļāđ€āļ§āđ‰āļ™āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ•āļąāļ§āļšāļ—āļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄāļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„ āđƒāļ™āļ­āļąāļĨāļāļļāļĢāļ­āļēāļ™āļĄāļĩāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒ 10 āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄāļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāļ•āļēāļĒāđ€āļ­āļ‡ āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ” āļŦāļĄāļđ āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļžāļĨāļĩāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđāļāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ­āļąāļĨāļĨāļ­āļŪāļš āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļĢāļąāļ”āļ„āļ­āļ•āļēāļĒ āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ•āļĩāļˆāļ™āļ•āļēāļĒ āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļāļĄāļēāļ•āļēāļĒ āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ‚āļ§āļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĒ āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāļĢāđ‰āļēāļĒāļāļąāļ”āļāļīāļ™āļˆāļ™āļ•āļēāļĒ āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļšāļđāļŠāļēāļĒāļąāļ āļŪāļ°āļ”āļĩāļĐāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄāļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāļšāļēāļ‡āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļĨāļēāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™ āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāļ›āļĩāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļ‡āđ€āļĨāđ‡āļšāđāļŦāļĨāļĄāļ„āļĄ āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāļ”āļļāļĢāđ‰āļēāļĒāļĄāļĩāđ€āļ‚āļĩāđ‰āļĒāļ§ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļīāļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļāļ›āļĢāļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļŦāļĨāļąāļ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™ āļĄāđ‰āļē āļāļĢāļ°āļ•āđˆāļēāļĒ āļāļĢāļ°āļĢāļ­āļ āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāļ™āđ‰āļģāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļēāļĒ āđ€āļ•āđˆāļē āļ•āļ°āļžāļēāļšāļ™āđ‰āļģ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļĄāļ‡āļ”āļē āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ āļŪāļēāļĨāļēāļĨāļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„āļ•āļēāļĄāļ—āļąāļĻāļ™āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ™āđ‰āļģāļŦāļ™āļąāļāļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē āļžāļ·āļŠāļ—āļļāļāļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĢāļ§āļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļīāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āļĒāļāđ€āļ§āđ‰āļ™āļžāļ·āļŠāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļāļ›āļĢāļ āļžāļ·āļŠāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ‚āļ—āļĐāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļžāļīāļĐāļ āļąāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļ·āļŠāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļķāļ™āđ€āļĄāļē āļšāļāļžāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŠāļ•āļī āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ„āļąāļšāļ‚āļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ„āļ·āļ­ āļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļąāļšāļ‚āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļēāļāđ„āļĄāđˆāļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢ āļŪāļēāļĢāļ­āļĄāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļˆāļ°āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļž āļĢāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ–āļķāļ‡āđāļāđˆāļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āļšāļ—āļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ­āļīāļŠāļĨāļēāļĄāļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĨāļļāļĄāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ„āļąāļšāļ‚āļąāļ™āļ—āļļāļāļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ— āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļŪāļēāļĢāļ­āļĄāđƒāļ™āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ„āļąāļšāļ‚āļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ§āļēāļāļīāļš āļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ„āļąāļšāļ‚āļąāļ™āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ‚āļēāļ”āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĨāļļāļĄāļāļ§āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ§āļēāļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļˆāļ™āļ­āļīāđˆāļĄāđ„āļ”āđ‰ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ„āļąāļšāļ‚āļąāļ™āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ‚āļēāļ”āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĨāļļāļĄāļāļ§āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ§āļēāļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ āļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢ āļŪāļēāļĢāļ­āļĄāļ›āļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļ“āļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ—āļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ• āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļŪāļēāļĢāļ­āļĄāđ€āļāļīāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āļīāđˆāļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ“āļĩ āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ—āļļāļāļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ—āļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āđƒāļ™āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ„āļąāļšāļ‚āļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„ āļĒāļāđ€āļ§āđ‰āļ™āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāđŒ āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļœāļĨāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāđ‚āļ āļ„āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļŪāļēāļĢāļ­āļĄāđƒāļ™āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ„āļąāļšāļ‚āļąāļ™āļ„āļ·āļ­āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‚āļˆāļąāļ”āļ­āļąāļ™āļ•āļĢāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ This study, a comparative study of Islamic Law on Halal food, aims at examining the Islamic Law related to Halal food ingredients and comparing the views on Halal food ingredients within the framework of the four Sunni Islamic schools of thought. The study also explores the flexibility of food consumption in critical conditions and the views of the four schools of thought that can be used commercially in Muslim countries. Data were collected from various sources of document. Descriptive analysis was used in data analysis. The findings in this study show that Islam emphasizes on various aspects of food. Quranic verses, Ahadith and other Islamic texts have directly and indirectly provided explanations on this subject. This is because food is important to human lives: on worldly and religious dimensions; and in this world and the hereafter. According to Islamic principles, food must have two main features i. e. Halal and Tayyib. Halal means lawful or permitted. Tayyib means healthy, benefits, clean, safe and nutritious, including supplements and patient foods. Sources of food include plants and animals. Islamic principles state that original raw materials can be classified into 3 features: 1) the halal/lawful, 2) the haram or forbidden, and 3) no specific provision/neither halal nor haram. The Islamic principles provide that all types of food are lawful, unless proven otherwise. Quran has specified 10 animals that are forbidden for consumption i. e. any animal that dies a natural death and is not slaughtered, blood, swine (pork), any animal on whom the name of anyone other than Allah is invoked, any animal killed by jerk, any animal being beaten to death, any animals fell death, any animals killed gore, any animals eaten by beast to death, and any animals being sacrificed. The Hadith prohibited some other animals, including donkey, any birds with sharp claws, any feral animals with fangs, and any animals that eat dirt as staple food. In addition, horse, rabbit, squirrel, dead aquatic animals, turtle, soft shell turtle, and water bug are Halal in the views of majority of the Muslim scholars. All types of plants are legal, except dirty plants, plants that harm, intoxicated plants, and any plants impaired consciousness and mental breakdown. This study showed that critical time in the context of the diet, are the time in which abstaining from consuming forbidden food will harm one’s health or body or cause death. The provisions of Islamic law on this issue cover all critical time and the law provides that consuming haram food in a critical time is compulsory. Islamic Law allows those who suffer from a long-term and wide spread critical time due to lack of food to continue consuming haram food until full enjoyment. In the event of a critical time due to lack of food which is not wide spread and continuous, one is allowed to consume a sufficient amount of haram food to sustain life. In both cases, all kinds of food, except human flesh are allowed. The rationale behind allowing the consumption of haram food in Islamic Law is to eliminate any possible harmfulnes
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