Resonant Production of Color Octet Electron at the LHec

In composite models with colored preons leptogluons (l_(8)) has a same status with leptoquarks, excited leptons and quarks etc. We analyze resonant production of color octet electron (e_(8)) at QCD Explorer stage of the Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC). It is shown that the e_(8) discovery at the LHeC will simultaneously determine the compositeness scale.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, 5 table

Electronic and Vibrational Properties of PbI 2 : From Bulk to Monolayer

Using first-principles calculations, we study the dependence of the electronic and vibrational properties of multi-layered PbI 2 crystals on the number of layers and focus on the electronic-band structure and the Raman spectrum. Electronic-band structure calculations reveal that the direct or indirect semiconducting behavior of PbI 2 is strongly influenced by the number of layers. We find that at 3L-thickness there is a direct-to-indirect band gap transition (from bulk-to-monolayer). It is shown that in the Raman spectrum two prominent peaks, A 1g and E g , exhibit phonon hardening with increasing number of layers due to the inter-layer van der Waals interaction. Moreover, the Raman activity of the A 1g mode significantly increases with increasing number of layers due to the enhanced out-of-plane dielectric constant in the few-layer case. We further characterize rigid-layer vibrations of low-frequency inter-layer shear (C) and breathing (LB) modes in few-layer PbI 2 . A reduced mono-atomic (linear) chain model (LCM) provides a fairly accurate picture of the number of layers dependence of the low-frequency modes and it is shown also to be a powerful tool to study the inter-layer coupling strength in layered PbI 2 .Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev.

The view of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in eastern Turkey

The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of complementary and alternative medicine usage in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients living in the eastern part of Turkey. In this study a  descriptive design was used. The study was conducted with 216 patients who were present at the clinic. Data were gathered by the researchers in a  comfortable setting through questionnaire method using the data collection form developed by the researcher. Individualised questionnaire-based interviews were also conducted among the 216 adult patients. The  questionnaire included demographic information, clinical information, use of conventional therapies, and complementary and alternative therapy. According to the findings obtained in this research, the frequency of CAM use among Turkish COPD patients (72.1%) was close to the highest levels reported in the literature.Key words: Complementary and alternative therapy, COPD, Turke