Equivalent Binary Quadratic Form and the Extended Modular Group

Extended modular group $\bar{\Pi}=$, where R:z\rightarrow -\bar{z}, \sim T:z\rightarrow\frac{-1}{z},\simU:z\rightarrow\frac{-1}{z +1} , has been used to study some properties of the binary quadratic forms whose base points lie in the point set fundamental region $F_{\bar{\Pi}}$ (See \cite{Tekcan1, Flath}). In this paper we look at how base points have been used in the study of equivalent binary quadratic forms, and we prove that two positive definite forms are equivalent if and only if the base point of one form is mapped onto the base point of the other form under the action of the extended modular group and any positive definite integral form can be transformed into the reduced form of the same discriminant under the action of the extended modular group and extend these results for the subset \QQ^*(\sqrt{-n}) of the imaginary quadratic field \QQ(\sqrt{-m}).Comment: Paper contains two figures and twelve page

Antecedents of job satisfaction: A study of telecom sector

This study is based on the assumption that “a happy worker is a productive workerâ€. The research was conducted to identify the significance of those factors that lead towards job satisfaction and commitment of employees working in the telecom sector of Pakistan. The associations among pay and benefits, performance appraisal system, career development and management, supervision and collegiality and open communication (independent variables) were investigated with job satisfaction (dependent variable). The relationship between job satisfaction (dependent variable) and job commitment (outcome) was also hypothesized. Through questionnaire survey responses from 221 employees working at managerial and non-managerial positions were collected, which showed the significant association of supervision and collegiality and open communication on job satisfaction. Furthermore, job satisfaction was also found highly correlated and dependent upon job commitment. Managerial implications and conclusions are presented based upon these results.Labor and Human Capital,

Integrated Use of Rational and Intuitive Decision Making Style: Modern Trends in Organizational Decision Making

The present study reviewed the literature based on a centuryof the theoretical and empirical work on decision making styles.Both in theory and research, the traditional trends limited thedecision makers to either rational or intuitive strategies in decisionmaking. Limited amount of literature emphasized on both rationalityand intuition in decision making until in the recent decades whensome researchers emphasized the use of mixed strategies in decisionmaking. Thus the present study illustrates the importance ofcombining the rational and intuitive style and using a mixed-stylein decisional scenarios. Thus the rational-intuitive and the intuitiverationalstyle double the benefits as both styles have some sharedand some other unique qualities which maximize the outcomes whenused in connection. Finally, the present study suggests a transitionfrom uni-style tradition to mixed style decision making

Helping children to understand particulate nature of matter

Whenever I taught about the particulate nature of matter in solids, liquids and gases, I often had difficulty explaining this abstract concept to my students. The students, in turn, had much difficulty conceptualizing the structure and behavior of the particles, which ultimately led to difficulties in understanding the complex configuration of particles in matter at various levels. This article focuses on studies that reveal students’ alternative frameworks for the particulate nature of matter in solids, liquids and gases. Also, I suggest factors that contribute to these alternative frameworks, incorporating my own experiences in developing an understanding of this concept. Finally, in light of these alternative conceptions and difficulties, I consider strategies for effectively teaching this abstract concept

Analysis of Classroom Practices that Preschool Teachers Use to Promote Civic Efficacy

This research is aimed at finding the classroom environment indicators that lead young preschoolers, three and four years of age, learn civic efficacy to bring a change in the lives of others a member of the classroom community. The sample comprises of six female preschool teachers at a preschool in a University in Southern America. The data collected from; lesson plans, teachers’ portfolio notes, classroom observations, and semi structured interviews. The qualitative analysis tool, NVivo pro was used to analyze the data. For a clear picture of an obscure contextual phenomenon, charts showing emerging civic efficacy themes are added. Findings reveal that inquiry based, collaboratively orchestrated, and meaningfully engaged classrooms have significant potentials to develop civic efficacy in preschoolers. A systematic, well-thought and wisely planned, children’s life relevant, developmentally challenging activities embedded in social context significantly develop civic efficacy in children. The children hone multiple skills such as; inquiry, research, and problem-solving; collective action, reciprocity, and friendship; responsibility, independence, and community building. The limitations and implications are discussed

Reconciliation, Restoration and Reconstruction of a Conflict Ridden Country

Conflict has sadly been a constant part of history. Winning a conflict and making a lasting peace are often not the same thing. While a peace treaty ends a conflict and often dictates terms from the winners’ perspective, it may not create a lasting peace. Short of unconditional surrender, modern conflict ends with a negotiated cessation of hostilities. Such accords may have some initial reconstruction agreements, but Reconciliation, Restoration and Reconstruction (RRR) is a long term process. This study maintains that to achieve a lasting peace: 1) The culture and beliefs of the conflict nation must be continuously considered and 2) RRR is a long term effort which will occur over years not just in the immediate wake of signing a treaty or agreement. To assure the inclusion of all stakeholders and gain the best results in dealing with this “wicked problem”, an array of Operations Research techniques can be used to support the long term planning and execution of a RRR effort. The final decisions will always be political, but the analysis provided by an OR support team will guide the decision makers to better execute consensus decisions that consider all stakeholder needs. The development of the value hierarchy framework in this dissertation is a keystone of building a rational OR supported long term plan for a successful RRR. The primary aim of the research is to propose a framework and associated set of guidelines derived from appropriate techniques of OR, Decision Analysis and Project Management (right from development of a consensus based value hierarchy to its implementation, feedback and steering corrections) that may be applied to help RRR efforts in any conflict ridden country across the globe. The framework is applicable to any conflict ridden country after incorporating changes particular to any country witnessing a prolonged conflict

The Factor Affecting Teachers’ Loyalty in the Higher Educational Institutions

In the higher education institutions, either public or private sector, the issue of loyalty exists. Though, in this regard, the nature and intensity differs from times to times, country to country institution to institution and from individual to individual. Therefore, to address the issue of loyalty in different situations, different measures are needed. The related literature proposes that loyalty is a critical and leading problematic issue for the public sector universities of Pakistan where the private sector is the leading challenger with a strong financial base and clientele. Contrary to this, the universities in public sector are facing with acute financial constraints which hamper the level of loyalty and resulting in the turnover on the wide scale. Research shows that, Loyalty has sometime been used as a synonym for one or more forms of commitment. Keywords: Loyalty, Empowerment, Participation, Socialization, Academicians, HEI